程度副词

　　程度副词的特点程度副词用于表示程度

　　常见的有fairly, pretty,rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully,deeply, partly, perfectly, really等。

　　(1)exactly程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost等)。如：This is quite [much] the most expensive radio here.这是这里最贵的收音机。

　　【说明】quite有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。

　　(2)有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等fairly, pretty,则不能修饰动词。如：I quite agree withyou.我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)We rather like the film.我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty,very)

　　(3)个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)。如：It’s quite [rather] a good idea. / It’s a quite [rather]good idea.那可真是个好主意。若此结构中没有形容词，则quite和rather则只能放在冠词之前。如：It was quite[rather] a success.那事相当成功。

much, little, very, rather, so, too, quite,perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly, fairly, alot/bit/little, far, by far, even, nearly, pretty, as, this/that(=so), fully, absolutely,barely, completely, hardly, just, only, really, scarcely

　　1.very

　　修饰原级形容词和副词以及完全形容词性化的现在分词或过去分词,如:tired, ashamed, exciting等

　　【注意】

　　1) 非形容词性化的分词不能用very修饰, 可用much修饰.

　　例：She is very pleased by his words. (×)

　　She is much pleased by his words. (√)

　　2) 一些限度形容词不能用very修饰, 可用quite (completely) 修饰.

　　例：You are very wrong. (×)

　　You are quite wrong. (√)

　　3) 部分以a 开头的形容词不能用very修饰, 可用 much修饰.

　　例：She was very afraid of dogs. (×)

　　She was much afraid of dogs. (√)

　　2. much

　　1) 修饰动词;

　　2) 修饰介词以及形容词和副词的比较级;

　　例：a) The girl is much like her mother. 这女孩非常像她妈妈。

　　b) She is much younger than her husband. 她比她丈夫年轻多了。

　　3) 修饰部分以a开头的形容词, 如: afraid, awake, alive, ashamed, alone, etc。

　　3. well 作“很,非常,相当”讲, 主要用来修饰动词、介词短语或用于固定搭配。

　　例：a) She was well past thirty at that time. 她那时刚好过了30岁。

　　b) His house is over there, well above the other houses. 他的房子在那边，就在其他房子的上方。

　　c) I don’t know him well. 我不是特别了解他。

　　d) The book is well worth reading. 这本书非常值得读。

　　4. quite

　　1) 修饰表示绝对意义的形容词或副词, 如：sure, certain, possible, impossible, right, wrong, perfect, dead, ready等。例：

　　I’m quite sure the dog is quite dead. 我非常确信狗确实是死了。

　　2) 修饰动词或名词。例：

　　a) She quite likes the bike, but she is not quite ready to buy it. 她非常喜欢自行车，但是她不是特别想买它。

　　b) I had quite a time at your party that evening. 那晚我在你的聚会上呆了相当长的时间。

　　3) 可修饰good, well, ld, young等个别形容词的比较级。例：

　　a) She’s feeling quite better today. 她今天感觉好多了。

　　b) She looks quite older than before. 她看上去比以前老多了。

　　5.badly

　　表示程度时含有迫切之意,常修饰want, need等动词或表示不良情况的短语

　　例：a) They are badly in need of teachers. 他们急需老师。

　　b) She wants to go abroad badly. 她非常想出国。

　　c) He was badly wounded. 他受伤很重。

　　6. enough

　　意为 “足够地、非常、很”, 修饰形容词, 副词, 动词, 但须放在这些词的后面.

　　例：a) The meat is not done enough. 肉不是十分熟。

　　b) The boy ran fast enough to catch up with the dog. 那男孩跑得非常快，能够跟上那只狗。

　　7. fast/sound/wide/widely

　　这些词用作程度副词, 主要用在一些固定搭配中。

　　例：a) The baby was fast (sound) asleep. 那孩子很快就睡着了/睡得很香。

　　b) She was wide awake at that time. 她在那时非常清醒。

　　c) These books are widely different. 这些书非常与众不同。

　　d) Opinions vary widely on this subject. 就这一主题各方观点差异很大。

　　8. nice (good, fine) and +形容词(副词)

　　例：a) He was good and tired after work. 他工作后非常累。

　　b) The flowers look good and beautiful. 花非常漂亮。

　　副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。

　　副 词 的 分 类:

　　1)时间和频度副词:

　　now, then, often, always, usually, early, today, lately, next, last, already, generally, frequently, seldom ,ever, never, yet, soon, too, immediately, hardly, finally, shortly , before, ago ,sometimes, yesterday.

　　2)地点副词:

　　here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.

　　3)方式副词:

　　carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly

　　4)程度副词:

　　much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely, almost, slightly.

　　5)疑问副词:

　　how, when, where, why.

　　6)关系副词:

　　when, where, why.

　　7)连接副词:

　　how, when, where, why, whether

　　英语“-ly”副词与其同源副词的用法比较：英语中有一些表示方式、程度的副词具有两种形式。如late，lately;high，highly;slow，showly等等。在这些词当中，两种不同形式所表达的含义有的完全不同，有的很相似，而有的却完全一致。英语中有一些表示方式、程度的副词具有两种形式。如late，lately;high，highly;slow，showly等等。在这些词当中，两种不同形式所表达的含义有的完全不同，有的很相似，而有的却完全一致。这就给人们使用这些词时带来一定的麻烦。特别是在学生中间，总免不了使用时的混淆。笔者想就此问题分类作一点探讨。

　　(一)本类词有hard，hardly;late，lately;most，mostly等等，这两种副词形式含义完全不同，所以，使用时不易引起混淆。

　　1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活。

　　He hardly works at all.他很少干活。

　　2.You have come too late.你来得太晚了。

　　Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗?

　　3.The person who talks most is often theone who doesleast.说得最多的人常常干得最少。

　　The audience consisted mostly of women.观众大部分是女的。

　　4.The next flight dose not go direct toTokyo; it goes byway of Shanghai.下趟航班不直飞东京，而是绕道上海。

　　He will be here directly.他马上就来。

　　5.The rider pulled his horse up short.骑手突然一下把马勒住。

　　Make a right turn shortly beyond thevillage.村前不远处往右拐。

　　6.Please stand clear of the gate.请不要站在门前。

　　He stated his view-point clealy.他很清楚明白地阐述了自己的观点。

　　7.The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。

　　Her little girls are always prettilydressed.她的小女孩穿着总是很漂亮。

　　(二)这类词主要有wide，widely;close，closely;high，highly等等，这两种副词形式不同，含义也有差别，但是没有第一类的区别明显，而且翻译成汉语时用词也很接近。所以使用时很容易混淆。这类词含义及用法上的主要特点是：不带-ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作，说明的动作或状况有可测量性和可见性;而以-ly结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况。这时，这些词大都具有“greatly”和“extremel y”的含义。试作如下比较：

　　1.You see that butterfly flying highabove the street.你看那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞着

　　The distinguished guests were highlypraised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。

　　2.He flung the door wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的。

　　We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。

　　3.You will have to pay dear for thattelescope.买那个望远镜你得付很高的价钱。

　　You will pay dearly for the insult.对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价。

　　4.She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。

　　The police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他。

　　5.The bird is now flying quite low.鸟儿现在飞得非常低。

　　He bowed lowly before the queen.他谦恭地给女王鞠了一躬。

　　6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水。

　　You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻。

　　7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯紧紧地搂抱着保罗。

　　The passengers were packed tightly in thetrain.火车车箱里挤满了乘客。

　　Cole tends to speak rather loud.科尔说话声音总是很大。

　　Cole boasted loudly of his power.科尔大肆夸耀自己的权力。

　　急剧地, 突然地 sharply, steeply, dramatically, drastically, suddenly

　　显著地, 快速地 considerably, significantly, noticeably, remarkably, rapidly

　　稳步地, 逐渐地 steadily, moderately, gradually, smoothly,

　　轻微地, 缓慢地 slightly, slowly, mildly, moderately