Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept w
题型：不详难度：来源：
Not long ago, many people believed that babies only wanted food and to be kept warm and dry. Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old.
Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development is a federal government agency. Its goal is to determine which experiences can influence healthy development in people.
Researchers at the institute note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment. They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver. This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other people.
The researchers say this ability to learn exists in a baby even before birth. They say newborn babies can recognize and understand sounds they heard while they were still developing inside their mothers.
Another study has suggested that low birth weight babies with no evidence of disability may be more likely than other children to have physical and mental problems.
American researchers studied almost five hundred boys and girls. They were born in, or admitted to, one of three hospitals in New Jersey between 1984 and 1987. At birth, each child weighed fewer than two thousand grams.
The boys and girls had an average age of sixteen at the time of the study. They were asked to complete intelligence and motor skill tests in their homes. Their test results were compared with those of other children their age.
小题1:According to the passage, some people used to think that babies began to learn _________.| A．on their first day of life | B．even before they were born | | C．before five or six months old | D．at or after five or six months old |
小题2:Babies learn to connect and communicate with other people through_____________.| A．smiles | B．cries | C．facial expressions | D．body language |
小题3:The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development tries to find out ________.| A．what affects people’s healthy development | | B．what influences babies’ learning ability | | C．how to cure some children’s health problems | | D．how to develop children’s learning ability |
小题4:What will be mentioned in the following passage?| A．The evaluation method of the tests. | | B．The cause of low birth weight babies. | | C．The result of the intelligence and motor skill tests. | | D．The evidence proving babies began to learn before birth. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C |
解析
试题分析：这篇文章主要讲了婴儿究竟是在什么时候开始学习？众说纷纭，有的认为是在出生之后；有的认为是在有了需要的知觉，而今天这篇文章中，美国专家认为，婴儿在开始形成时就开始了学习。
小题1:D细节题。根据文章第一段 Some people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old，可知有些人认为婴儿四到五个月大才开始学习，所以选D
小题2:D 信息归纳题。根据文章第三段They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other caregiver.可知婴儿可以通过他人的肢体语言来进行学习，所以选D
小题3:A 细节题。根据文章第二段Its goal is to determine which experiences can influence healthy development in people.可知这个研究所的目的是研究什么经历能影响人的健康发展，所以选A
小题4:C 推断题。根据最后一段的They were asked to complete intelligence and motor skill tests in their homes.可知下一段会出示这些测试的结果，所以选C |
举一反三
Five Ways to Rock the Rest of the Semester
With exams around the corner, how can you possibly pack in one more English word, let alone the causes of the Cold War? Don’t worry. Here is our handy guide to help you
Power Down
So you stayed up too late last night reading Mockingjay for the fifth time. Oops! When you’re that fired, your schoolwork suffers. Instead of studying inefficiently while you are sleepy, allow yourself a 15-minute afterschool power nap. Studies show that even a few minutes of shut-eye can improve memory and concentration.
Take Notes
Not quite grasping that super complicated concept in your chemistry class? You may need to change the way you take notes. Instead of recording every word your teacher says, try using visual hints like pictures, symbols and word bubbles. You can even switch computer fonts or pen color for the important stuff.
Dream On
Your bed’s not just for zzz’s. Experts say it may be good to study in bed, too. Why? We’re able to absorb more right before bed because we’re less distracted and the new information stays in our minds as we sleep. So, slide into bed with a textbook or notes, read for 15 minutes, and then turn off the lights for some sweet and smart dreams.
Brain Food
You’re in the middle of a biology exam when your mind goes blank. You knew this stuff cold at home, but now you can’t tell a ribosome from a chloroplast. What’s going on? Your brain’s in need of some refueling. Have some snacks like apple slices or cheese before class, and have plenty of water, too. If your teacher doesn’t mind, pop in a piece of gum during an exam. Some scientists think the chewing increases the flow of oxygen to the brain.
Smart Move
Ugh! You’re taking an English test and you cannot remember the past participle of “understand”. What to do? Skip it. Test taking is all about timing, so don’t waste it on tricky questions. Move ahead and answer everything you know before returning to the ones you don’t. Chances are, once you get back to the toughies, you’ll recall the answer or at the very least, you’ll have a little more time to come up with one that works.
小题1:When taking notes, we can do all these except ______.| A．draw pictures | B．change the typeface | C．switch on the computer | D．colour the key points |
小题2:According to the passage, _____.| A．it’s good to study under the covers for some time every day | | B．you cannot skip the difficult questions and go on to the rest | | C．you can have some snacks and drink enough water to refresh yourself in exams | | D．when taking notes, you should record whatever the teacher says |
小题3:What does the underlined phrase “knew this stuff cold” mean?| A．had no clue about it | B．were a cold fish | C．knew it was cold | D．were familiar with |
小题4:You have been working on your essay for two hours and your eyes feel tired, you’d better | A．Power down | B．dream on | C．eat brain food | D．make a smart move |
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In the near future, we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones and tablets, even when it comes to playing popular games like Fruit Ninja.
The Gaze Group has been developing eye-controlled computer technology for nearly 20 years. But those devices have been firstly designed to help those with disabilities, and are very expensive.
“After a while, we figured out that probably the best way is to go for a mass-market way,” says Gaze’s Sune Alstrup Johansen. “where everybody would have this available."
Johansen and some of his colleagues have formed a new company, the Eye Tribe, which is hoping to develop the technology on a mass commercial level.
The technology works with the help of the computing device toward the user’s face. After making sure of the user’s eye movements, the technology is then able to easily find where a person’s eyes are moving, and then allow the eyes to control a cursor(光标).
“Our software can then determine the location of the eyes and know where you’re looking on the screen to make sure what you’re looking at, ” reads an explanation on the Eye Tribe site.
There has been a gradual change toward hands-free technology in recent years, particularly in the gaming world. Recently Xbox released the Kinect device, which lets users control their Xbox and play certain games using only their hands, legs and voices. But still, most of these devices have been more of a gimmick than a practical way to use one’s hands to control a mobile device. Johansen said a replaceable filter(滤光器)would be a cheap, convenient way for most consumers.
And even as companies like The Eye Tribe work to create such a product for the average user, making the eye-controlled technology more accessible and less expensive will have similar benefits for physically disabled users.
For more articles on modern science，please CLICK here．
小题1:Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?| A．An introduction of eye-controlling technology | | B．An introduction of a new device. | | C．An introduction of smart-phones | | D．An introduction of a new technology for the disabled. |
小题2:The underlined word “gimmick” probably means ___________.| A．a way | B．a trick | C．a lie | D．a dream |
小题3:According to the passage, we can learn that ___________.| A．the eye-controlling technology was first developed for the blind | | B．the present developing of the technology will bring no good | | C．the eye-controlling technology is only intended for the disabled people | | D．there is no such a phone as we can use only with our eyes at present |
小题4:This passage is probably taken from ___________.| A．an experiment report | B．a science fiction | | C．a science website | D．a school textbook |
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Today, there are many chances for those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time.
Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one’s career and family time.
Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible (灵活的) is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student’s convenience. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from actually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Individual assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, fax machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.
Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject, so a student doesn’t need to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance learning program is the equivalence (等同) of the distance learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the company or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. Supporting distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining (留住) career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of part time education?| A．It requires some break in one’s career. | | B．It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program. | | C．It affects one’s career. | | D．It gives the student less time to share with the family. |
小题2: Which of the following is NOT an advantage of distance learning? | A．The student may choose his or her own pace. | | B．The student may study at his or her convenience. | | C．They can pursue their chosen career while studying. | | D．Individual assistance comes through regular airmail, telephone and fax machine. |
小题3:What benefit will distance learning program bring to a business? | A．Attracting more talented people. | | B．Good image of the business. | | C．Better cooperation with universities. | | D．Further training of employees and business growth. |
小题4: Good distance learning program have the following characteristics EXCEPT _______. | A．distance learning course is the same as students taking courses on campus | | B．the diploma or degree should be the same as on campus study | | C．professor-student relationship is strictly one to one all through the course | | D．includes subject evaluation tool |
小题5:What benefit will distance learning bring to an employee of a business? | A．Higher salary. | | B．Professional growth. | | C．Good impression on the employer. | | D．Good relationship with the employer. |
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Online Degrees
Today, you can earn a degree from a major university without ever having sat in one of their classrooms. Many colleges and universities are offering online courses and degree programs now.
Online Learning Programs
With a computer and an Internet connection, you can earn a degree from home, work, or anywhere else for that matter. Online degree programs follow much the same routines as traditional learning, with a few twists. There are lectures, but they won"t be in person. There are assignments (作业) , but you won"t hand them to your instructor. In most situations, you are free to "go to class" when it fits your"schedule. If you get a phone call during class, you don"t have to miss anything. If you get sick, you don"t have to ask for someone"s notes, and you just visit the lecture later.
You"ll communicate with your instructor by e-mail, chat room and instant messaging. Your classroom will live in a special software program. Contrary to popular belief, you will have close contact with other students and the instructor.
Evaluating the Program
There are a lot of questions to ask before you make your selection, such as:
How do students interact with each other?
★Online programs can use chat rooms, instant messaging, teleconferencing, and video conferencing to communicate. The key is to find a program that has this interaction built into it and even requires it.
★What kind of reputation does the school have?
It may seem simple-a good school will have a good online program. This reputation,however, may not be as straightforward as you think. It"s not uncommon for a great school to have a weak program or two. So you"d better look at the overall quality of the school and make a judgment.
The Employers" View
As more and more employees get online degrees and use them in the workforce(职场) , hiring managers will begin to feel more secure about the quality of education these people have.
小题1:In which way is online education special?| A．If you get sick, you"ll miss the lecture. | | B．There are lectures, but you don"t need to meet the lecturers. | | C．If you get a phone call during class, you will miss something. | | D．There are assignments, and you must hand them to your instructor. |
小题2:What is the most important part of online communication?| A．To use e-mails. | | B．To look for a program with interaction. | | C．To use chat rooms and instant messaging. | | D．To use teleconferencing and video conferencing. |
小题3:For whom is the passage probably written?| A．College students. | B．Hiring managers. | | C．Adult students. | D．High school students. |
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Baekeland and Hartmann report that the " short sleepers" had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 0r so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to regard their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
In general, these "short sleepers" appeared ambitious, active, energetic and cheerful. They stuck to their opinions, and were very sure about their job choices..They often held several jobs at once, or worked full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear "normal" or " acceptable" to their friends and colleagues.
When asked to remember their dreams, the " short sleepers" did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. Similarly, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was not to admit that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.
The sleep patterns of the " short sleepers" were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic (躁狂者).
The "long sleepers" were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hanmann report that these young men have been lengthy sleepers since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concemed when sometimes they didn"t have their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to remember their dreams much better than the " short sleepers". Many of the "long sleepers" were shy, anxious, quiet, nervous, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves ( particularly in social situations) . Several openly stated that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.
小题1:From the passage, we can leam that .| A．"short sleepers" need less sleep by nature | | B．"long sleepers" sleep a longer period of time during the day | | C．many "long sleepers" preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood | | D．many " short sleepers" have to reduce their nightly sleep time because of busy work |
小题2:Many "short sleepers" are likely to hold the view that _____.| A．sleep is a good way to escape from the reality | | B．sleep is not so important as their daily activities | | C．sleep affects their judgment on some important things | | D．sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles |
小题3: It can be learned from the passage that the"short sleepers" _____.| A．do not know how to relax properly | | B．are more unlikely to run into mental problems | | C．are full of energy even under the pressures of life | | D．often pay little attention to the consequences of inadequate sleep |
小题4: When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the "long sleepers" might ______.| A．appear disturbed | B．become energetic | | C．feel dissatisfied | D．be extremely unhappy |
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