BAs an effect of the high fuel prices spent on bus transportation, some American
题型：不详难度：来源：
B
As an effect of the high fuel prices spent on bus transportation, some American schools are changing to a four-day week. That means longer days instead of the traditional Monday through Friday schedule.
Having been approved for three years and beginning in the fall, students in the Maccray school district in Minnesota will be in school from Tuesday to Friday. Each school day will be 65 minutes longer. Officials say the district expects to save about sixty-five thousand dollars a year in transportation costs.
In new Mexico, the first school district changed to a four-day week in 1974 because of the Arab oil boycott(抵制). Now, 17 out of 89 districts use it.
In Custer, South Dakota, students have been going to school four days a week since 1995. Superintendent Tim Creal says the change has saved about one million dollars over just the past eight years. He sees other benefits, too. Students get more instructional time, and activities that used to take up class time are now held on non-school days. He says that in the future, the growth of online classes could make it possible to require even fewer days in school. High fuel prices are driving college students to take more online classes.
A four-day school week sounds like a great idea for students and teachers, but working parents may have to pay for child care for that fifth day.
小题1:According to Tim Creal, what makes it possible to have even fewer days in school?| A．The increasing number of private tutors.(私人教师) | | B．The development of teaching methods. | | C．The increase in the number of online classes. | | D．The growth in the income of Americans. |
小题2: It can be learned from the passage that______| A．students will be in school from Monday to Tuesday. | | B．four-day week was first carried out in South Dakota. | | C．Maccray will save one million dollars every year. | | D．Minnesota state has approved the four-day week plan |
小题3:The passage is mainly about______| A．some school’s four-day week plan | B．districts using a four-day week. | | C．how to save on transportation fees. | D．expense of school transportation. |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:A |
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了美国的学校为了减少学生上下学带来的交通的费用，减少油的消费，有些州已经或将要实行四天工作制，并且随着网上上课的流行可能让学生在校学习的时间会更短。
小题1:细节理解题。根据the growth of online classes could make it possible to require even fewer days in school.网上授课的数量增加，故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据Having been approved for three years and beginning in the fall, students in the Maccray school district in Minnesota will be in school from Tuesday to Friday.明尼苏达州已经批准了为期四天的周计划，故选D。
小题3:主旨大意题。根据纵观全文主要围绕学校实行四天工作制，故选A。
点评：在解主旨大意题时，要站在整篇文章的高度分析问题，切忌犯以偏概全、以点代面的错误。文章的标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式，它的特点是：短小精炼，涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小。 |
举一反三
B
HIGHFIELD COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL
SCHOOL REPORT
Form Teacher: G. Baker Pupil’s Name: Simon Watkins
Term: Summer 2010 Form: Ⅳ B
Subject
| Exam
| Class work
| Comments
| English
| 59
| 61
| Simon has reached a satisfactory standard but now needs to apply himself with more determination.
| Mathematics
| 77
| 85
| Sound work and progress throughout the year. Well done!
| History
| 46
| 53
| A disappointing exam result. He is unable to give attention to this subject for long.
| Chemistry
| 78
| 85
| His obvious ability in the subject was not fully reflected in his exam work, but I have high hopes for him nevertheless.
| Physics
| 86
| 94
| An excellent term’s performance. He goes from strength to strength. A born scientist, I feel.
| Biology
| 57
| 60
| This time next year he will be taking the “0” exam. He needs to concentrate on the work, not on class conversation.
| French
| 41
| 46
| Clearly he didn’t bother to revise. His general attitude is far too casual.
| Physical
Education
| /
| 31
| Weak. It’s time he exercised his body more and his voice less. He should try to work with a team.
|
FORM TEACHER’S REMARKS HEADMASTER
Basically satisfactory work and progress I shall be keeping an eye on his
though he will now have realized, I hope, that progress in his weaker subjects
in certain subject areas he needs to make speedy though his success in the
improvement. science is most pleasing.
|
小题1:According to the comments of the Physical Education teacher, Simon _____.| A．is too talkative in the class | | B．likes to work with his classmates | | C．doesn’t exercise his body at the right time | | D．becomes weak because he doesn’t exercise at all |
小题2: Which of Simon’s subjects will attract the headmaster’s attention in future?| A．Biology and Maths. | B．History and French. | | C．English and Chemistry. | D．Physics and Physical Education. |
小题3:Which of the following statements best describes Simon?| A．He has made great progress in language classes. | | B．His potential has been fully reflected in science classes. | | C．His grade in maths makes him a born scientist. | | D．He needs to improve his attitude on certain subjects. |
小题4:Based on the school report, which of the following statements is true?| A．Simon didn’t bother his teacher to revise French. | | B．Basically, Simon did a good job in science. | | C．Simon is a determined learner in English. | | D．Simon is able to pay attention to history for long. |
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B
What happens inside the skull of a soccer player when repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (脑震荡) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic (外伤的) brain injury”, like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
小题1:The passage is most probably a ________. | A．news report | B．research report | | C．story for soccer players | D．text for doctors |
小题2: In which way can researchers find the structural changes in the brain? | A．Computerized test | B．Questionnaire | | C．Scanning | D．M.R.I. technique |
小题3: From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have ________. | A．significant effect on brain | B．little effect on one’s brain | | C．nothing to do with the brain injury | D．one’s memory improved |
小题4:What is likely to be the cause of memory loss? | A．Playing soccer frequently | B．Tests of their memory | | C．White matter loss | D．Information processing |
小题5:The underlined word “fumbling” is closest in meaning to ________? | A．remembering | B．misunderstanding | C．recalling | D．missing |
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C
All parents know that one of their most important tasks is to prepare their children for an independent life, but any parent can tell you that it’s hard to let go of your children. That balance between keeping your children safe and allowing them to learn from their own mistakes can be heartbreaking. Years of experience means that parents often do know best, but on the other hand the young, being less bound by tradition, are often more creative, more able to find new solutions to old problems. Revolutions are led by the young.
Good teachers make the growth of critical thinking (批判性思维) easier in their students, only to find that this lead to a questioning of the teachers’ basic beliefs. Schools encourage parents to become involved, but are often embarrassed when parents have doubts about some of the educational methods being used. Governments encourage unimportant groups to empower themselves in order to participate fully in the development process. And they are often surprised when the new leaders of these groups turn around and attack the policies or decisions of that same government. However, the rebellious (叛逆的) young and the newly unimportant groups are important in social development. They are not necessarily representatives of those they want to represent in their demands, but their voices must be heard.
Good parents know that just forbidding (禁止) particular behaviors does not prevent their children from finding ways to engage in these forbidden activities. Indeed, sometimes the forbidden fruit is more inviting, just because it is not accepted by authority. Parents must work with their children to educate them on the facts, know as much as possible about the lives of their children, provide a good example, encourage more wholesome activities but also support their children when they don’t follow what is expected of them. But the most important point is that they also need to learn how to let go.
小题1:By saying “Revolutions are led by the young.”, the author indicates that young people are more _______.| A．conventional | B．realistic | C．creative | D．heartbreaking |
小题2:From the second Paragraph we know ________.| A．teachers’ basic beliefs should be questioned by students | | B．schools encourage parents to question their education methods | | C．government is satisfied with the new leaders’ attack on the policies | | D．the voice of the rebellious young should be heard by the government |
小题3:In order to educate children well, parents should _______.| A．forbid particular behaviors in their daily life | | B．know them well and set a good example to them | | C．educate them with facts and expect much of them | | D．know as much as possible about their children |
小题4:From the passage we can learn that the author prefers _______.| A．free parenting | B．traditional parenting | | C．critical parenting | D．smart parenting |
小题5:What is the best title of the passage?| A．Letting Go – for Children’s Independent Life | | B．Parents’ Task – in Children’s Development | | C．Way of Growth – for the Young Groups | | D．Teaching Methods – for Teachers and Schools |
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Sometimes there doesn’t seem to be enough rain. Other times there is too much. Maybe thereisn’t a lot we can do to control the rain, but there is a lot we can do to reduce problems caused bydifferent rainfall patterns.
A new development at the London Wetland Centre in Barnes solves the problems of managingwater with a “Rain Garden”. We are likely to be hearing about it a lot more often over the next fewyears. The idea is that the garden owner can store rainwater and use it in dry periods. They canreduce the problems caused by extra rain this way.
One of the key problems that the rain garden tries to deal with is the problem caused by toomuch water in the street. In a natural environment, a lot of rainwater is sent back into the air byplants. Much is also absorbed deep into the ground, and flows into streams and rivers. What happensin city environments can be completely different —— a large amount of rainwater flows straight offthe hard surfaces of roofs and roads. The harder the rain, the less likely it will be absorbed into theground —— floods are the result. Rainwater running off roads is often polluted.
The rain garden deals with living plants rather than hard surfaces. Plants are designed to holdwater and release it slowly, either into the ground, to be absorbed by plant roots (and so eventuallyback up into the atmosphere) or to go down into the water table. Not only does the rain gardenreduce the amount of water that flows onto the street, but it helps to clean it because plants are very goodat breaking down pollutants(污染物).
小题1:What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?| A．Explaining why there is a lack of rain at times. | | B．Introducing several different patterns of rainfall. | | C．Telling us how to avoid problems caused by rain. | | D．Giving the idea that there are ways to manage rain water. |
小题2:According to the second paragraph, “Rain Gardens" are likely to _____.| A．harm the environment in the short run | | B．become popular over the next few years | | C．be turned down by most new developments | | D．be too expensive for common people to accept |
小题3:We can learn from the third paragraph that _____.| A．floods are often the results of small rains | | B．a heavy rain is less difficult for plants to absorb | | C．the rain garden helps send rainwater back into the air | | D．larger amounts of rainwater flow straight off in city environments |
小题4:According to the last paragraph, what does the rain garden help to clean?| A．The plants | B．The ground. | C．The water. | D．The street. |
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Now, there is a growing movement to pay the students in American schools---in some cases, even just for coming to class.
Students at one school in New Mexico can earn up to three hundred dollars a year for good attendance. In Baltimore, Maryland, high scores in state graduation tests can be worth more than one hundred dollars. And a New Jersey school system plans to pay students fifty dollars a week to attend after---school tutoring programs.
Schools that pay students can be found in more than one---fourth of the fifty states. Other schools pay students with food or other rewards.
Robert Schaefer is a public education director. He says paying students may improve performance in the short term, but students develop false expectations for the future. He sees a lack of long term planning in these programs because of the pressure on schools to raise test scores.
Public schools need to show improvement under the education reform law. Low---performing schools may lose their federal money; teachers and administrators(行政人员) may lose their jobs. Often these schools are in poor neighborhoods where getting students to go to school can be a continual problem.
Critics(评论家) say paying students sends a message that money is the only valuable reward. But some students say it makes school more exciting. And some teachers have reported getting more requests for extra help.
In two thousand four, the city schools in Coshocton, Ohio, launched a program. They wanted to see if paying elementary school students as much as one hundred dollars would help in passing the state exams.
Now, Eric Bettinger of Case Western Reserve University (EUCWRU) has reported mixed results. Math scores increased, but only white students were able to get paid. And there was no evidence of higher scores in reading, social studies and science. Official will decide later this year whether to continue the program.
小题1:Paying students who show improvement in tests __________.| A．has been done in most American schools | | B．is becoming a growing practice in the USA | | C．is not very popular with teachers | | D．only aims at high scores at school |
小题2:According to the text, Robert Schaefer _____________.| A．is a very excellent teacher | | B．thinks highly of paying students | | C．thinks students will show improvement in study in the future | | D．thinks people should make a careful plan for the paying program |
小题3:From the last paragraph we can see __________.| A．EBCWRU has got great success in its paying program | | B．not all the students in EUCWRU have made progress in all subjects | | C．only students who study math can get paid | | D．EBCWRU will go on with the paying program |
小题4:The text is mainly written to _____________.| A．persuade teachers to give students more prizes | | B．tell people how to become an excellent student | | C．introduce something about American paying students program | | D．explain the advantages of American paying students program |
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