WASHINGTON—Two-thirds of the world’s polar bear population could be gone by 2050

WASHINGTON—Two-thirds of the world’s polar bear population could be gone by 2050

题型:不详难度:来源:
WASHINGTON—Two-thirds of the world’s polar bear population could be gone by 2050 if predictions of melting sea ice hold true, the US Geological Survey reported on Friday.
The fate of polar bears could be even worse than that estimate, because sea ice in the Arctic might be disappearing faster than the available computer models predict, the geological survey said in a report aimed at determining whether the big white bear should be listed as a threatened species.
“There is a definite link between changes in the sea ice and the welfare of polar bears,” said Steve Amstrup, who led the research team. He says Arctic sea ice is already at the lowest this year and is expected to retreat(退却) farther this month.
That means that polar bears—some 16,000 of them -- will disappear by 2050 from parts of the Arctic where sea ice is melting most rapidly, along the north coasts of Alaska and Russia, researchers said in a telephone briefing(简报).
Other polar bears could survive beyond that date but many of those could be gone by 2100, Amstrup said. By this century’s end, the only polar bears left might live in the Canadian Arctic islands and along the west coast of Greenland.
“It is likely to result in loss of approximately two-thirds of the world’s current polar bear population by the mid 21st century,” the report’s executive summary said.
“Because the observed trajectory(轨迹)of Arctic sea ice decline appears to be underestimated by currently available models, this assessment of future polar bear status may be conservative(保守的).”
In January, the US Fish and Wildlife Service proposed listing the polar bear as a threatened species, noting polar bears depend on sea ice as a platform to hunt seals, their main food.
Without enough sea ice, polar bears would be forced onto land, but they are poor hunters once they get out of the water and ice, the researchers said. The bears’ disappearance would probably take place as young cubs(幼兽)failed to survive to adulthood and females were unable to reproduce successfully.
小题1:What was the US Geological Survey intended to do?
A.To determine whether the polar bear was in danger.
B.To measure how fast the sea ice melts in the Arctic.
C.To check the predictions of the computer models.
D.To find out the exact number of the polar bear.
小题2:What causes the polar bears to disappear by 2050?
A.The pollution of the Arctic region.B.The sea ice melting at high speed
C.Fewer food sources being left.D.The temperature getting colder.
小题3:The key to preventing polar bears dying out seems to _______________.
A.help young polar bears to survive the cold winter
B.have large number of seals living in the oceans
C.make sure there is enough sea ice in the Arctic
D.provide chances for adult polar bears to reproduce

答案

小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:C
解析

试题分析:本文是一篇说明文,说明了美国地质专家预测到2050年,海冰融化导致北极熊列为濒危物种,但是北极熊比预计的更糟,因为在北极海水的消失比电脑预测的更快,地质勘察报告旨在确定是否将北极熊列为濒危物种
小题1:细节题,由第二段最后一句the geological survey said in a report aimed at determining whether the big white bear should be listed as a threatened species可以知道答案,故选A。
小题2:细节题。由第一段Two-thirds of the world’s polar bear population could be gone by 2050 if predictions of melting sea ice hold true, the US Geological Survey reported on Friday.可以知道答案,所以选B。
小题3:推理题,由倒数第二段最后一句noting polar bears depend on sea ice as a platform to hunt seals, their main food.可以推出答案,所以选C
点评:做细节题的关键是找出原文的根据,认真核查题支和原文的异同,常犯错误有:绝对化语言,范围扩大或缩小,以偏概全,张冠李戴等。推断题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。
举一反三
Cell Phones Are the New Cigarettes
When you get in your car, you reach for it.When you’re at work, you take a break to have a moment alone with it.When you get into a lift, you play with it.
Cigarettes? Cup of coffee? No, it’s the third most addictive thing in modern life, the cell phone.And experts say it is becoming more difficult for many people to curbtheir longing to hug  it more tightly than most of their personal relationships.
With its shiny surface, its smooth and satisfying touch, its air of complexity, the cell phone  connects us to the world even as it disconnects us from people three feet away.In just the past  couple of years, the cell phone has challenged individuals, employers, phone makers and  counselors(顾问)in ways its inventors in the late 1940s never imagined.
The costs are becoming even more evident, and I don’t mean just the monthly bill.Dr.Chris  Knippers, a counselor at the Betty Ford Center in Southern California, reports that the overuse of  cell phones has become a social problem not much different from other harmful addictions: a barrier to one-on-one personal contact, and an escape from reality.
Sounds extreme, but we’ve all witnessed the evidence: The person at a restaurant who talks on the phone through an entire meal, ignoring his kids around the table; the woman who talks on the phone in the car, ignoring her husband; the teen who texts messages all the way home from school, avoiding contact with kids all around him.
Is it just rude, or is it a kind of unhealthiness? And pardon me, but how is this improving the quality of life?
Jim Williams, an industrial sociologist based in Massachusetts, notes that cell-phone addiction is part of a set of symptoms in a widening gulf of personal separation.He points to a study by Duke University researchers that found one-quarter of Americans say they have no one to discuss their most important personal business with.Despite the growing use of phones, e-mail and instant messaging, in other words, Williams says studies show that we don’t have as many friends as our parents. “Just as more information has led to less wisdom, more acquaintances via the Internet and cell phones have produced fewer friends,” he says.
If the cell phone has truly had these effects, it’s because it has become very widespread.Consider that in 1987, there were only 1 million cell phones in use.Today, something like 300 million Americans carry them.They far outnumber wired phones in the United States.
小题1:Which of the following best explains the title of the passage?
A.Cell phone users smoke less than they used to.
B.Cell phones have become as addictive as cigarettes.
C.More people use cell phones than smoke cigarettes.
D.Using cell phone is just as cool as smoking cigarettes.
小题2:The underlined word “curb” in Paragraph 2 means ____.
A.rescueB.ignoreC.developD.control
小题3:The example of a woman talking on the phone in the car supports the idea that           
A.women use cell phones more often than men
B.talking on the phone while driving is dangerous
C.cell phones do not necessarily bring people together
D.cell phones make one-on-one personal contact easy

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
My chance came at last. Our school was going to hold a sports meeting. I knew what it   51  to me, so I got up very early to prepare for it. I  52   running and jumping. When I was   53  , I   54 myself of my promise and went on.
As the time approached, I felt quite  55   . On the first day I   56  fourth in the 1500m race, but I was far from   57  because what I wanted most was the highlight of the sports meeting—250×8 relay race. I would run the last leg for my team.
With a shot, the race began. All the students were   58  for their team. The competition was so 59  that I began to feel nervous. Before my turn came, my team was   60  the others. Even worse, I almost dropped the stick when I was trying to   61  it.
  62  after that, there was nothing in my mind except to run as fast as possible. Just when I was approaching the finish line, my legs    63  . Then my promise came to mind again and   64 me on. To my   65  , I was the first to cross the finish line!
  66   , I had proved to myself and those who had often laughed at me that I am not   67  at all! My classmates greeted me warmly and I hugged them tightly. I had won the prize as well as their   68   .
From the sports meeting, I learnt that sometimes things are not so difficult as they   69  to be. Just try your best without fear and you might be surprised at the   70  .
小题1:
A.matteredB.held C.meantD.brought
小题2:
A.exercisedB.triedC.choseD.practiced
小题3:
A.tiredB.workingC.lazy D.discouraged
小题4:
A.bravedB.reminded C.encouragedD.told
小题5:
A.determinedB.worriedC.confidentD.expectant
小题6:
A.endedB.gotC.came D.ran
小题7:
A.satisfiedB.proudC.excitedD.happy
小题8:
A.heading B.racingC.shouting D.cheering
小题9:
A.difficultB.closeC.heatedD.near
小题10:
A.failing behindB.leadingC.falling behindD.catching up with
小题11:
A.takeB.hold C.pass D.catch
小题12:
A.ThenB.ButC.Thus D.Even
小题13:
A.gave inB.weakened C.gave out D.gave off
小题14:
A.cheeredB.urgedC.guidedD.led
小题15:
A.joyB.expectationC.surprise D.relief
小题16:
A.At lastB.After allC.Above allD.As a result
小题17:
A.badB.lazyC.slow D.weak
小题18:
A.congratulationsB.respectC.supportD.pride
小题19:
A.expectB.chooseC.look D.seem
小题20:
A.thingB.finalC.resultD.effort

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
One would have to be a fool to overlook (忽视)the importance of using positive(积极的) thinking for you rather than allowing negative thinking to work against you. In recent years, research in psychopharmacology (精神药理学) has proved what many people have known over the centuries: a positive attitude is good for you, good for your health, good for your wealth, good for everything. Researchers found that a positive attitude produces a specific chemical reaction which makes people feel better, while negative thinking results in a decline of hormone (荷尔蒙) and shuts down the immune (免疫的) system. This leads to illness and depression. Positive thoughts will make you feel better. Even if you must begin by literally forcing yourself to be positive (faking it, so to speak), it will become contagious (会传播的) and the positive thoughts will generate nice little chemicals and good feelings which will reinforce the positive thoughts.
For example, if you force yourself to smile or laugh, even when you don"t feel like smiling or laughing, if you keep at it for a few minutes, you will soon feel like it. Feelings can generate (导致)thoughts, but thoughts can also generate feelings. Control your thoughts and you can control your feelings. Positive thinking is important in all aspects of our lives. There is probably no single factor more important in determining your success in achieving your career objectives than your own attitude.
It"s often been said that in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. And in the office of militant (好战) negativism, the positive workers shine like gold. You cannot control external events, but you can learn to control your reaction to those events and thereby have a positive attitude and be happy. This vital key to success is totally within your control. Use it.
小题1:We can infer from the passage that         .
A.positive thinking can cure you of your diseases
B.positive thinking can easily be generated by anyone
C.a decline of hormone may cause you to be depressed
D.a specific chemical reaction is the cause of negative thinking
小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A.Feeling and thoughts can generate each other.
B.It"s easier to control thoughts than to control feelings.
C.Your success depends wholly on your attitude.
D.Keeping smiling will surely make you successful.
小题3:Just like a one-eyed man in the land of the blind, you should             .
A.control your feeling to what is happening to you
B.be king in your office
C.pay no attention to what is going on around you
D.take positive attitude in the office of militant negativism
小题4:The best title to the passage is             .
A.The Bad Effect of Negative ThinkingB.Why Should People Think
C.Thinking: The Vital WayD.Positive Thinking Benefits People

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
For all dinner tables, a glass of milk seems to be a must. At least it was when I was growing up. It is widely believed that milk is a must in building strong bones and teeth. There’s no doubt that dairy products, especially milk, are high in protein and calcium, and Vitamin D and Vitamin A are added to most milk products.
While it’s well known that our bones need calcium, some studies suggest that high calcium intake doesn’t necessarily lower a person’s risk for fractures(骨折). A Harvard study found that people who drank two or more glasses of milk had no greater protection from breaking a bone than those who drank a glass or less a week.
There is no doubt that we need calcium. Some anti-dairy supporters claim dairy products can lead to heart disease. Much of this claim is based on high-fat dairy products, like cheese and cream, which may indeed lead to some health problems. Some studies have linked high milk intakes with a risk of prostate cancer; this seems also to be caused by high-fat dairy products, but not by dairy products in general.
Although milk has always been regarded as the most important thing we need for our bones, one of the most important things in strengthening bones and reducing the risk of osteoporosis(骨质疏松)is weight-bearing exercise, such as jogging, walking, and weight lifting.
Perhaps we should think of dairy products as less like a nutrient and more like a food. If you like it, eat it. If not, find something else to eat. Some claims may not be completely true. When I eat cream, I’m not thinking about calcium, protein, or any such thing. I’m thinking it is delicious.
小题1:What is the best title for this passage?
A.Milk: is it really necessary for children?B.The disadvantages of drinking milk.
C.Milk causes health problems.D.Milk: is it really good for the body?
小题2:For people who want to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, we can infer that the writer may suggest that they ________.
A.avoid milk with Vitamin D and Vitamin A added
B.spend some time exercising
C.take in as much calcium as possible
D.drink more than two glasses of milk every day
小题3:Based on the passage, we learn the writer may agree that ________.
A.milk is the most important thing that we need for our bones
B.children should not be permitted to eat cream
C.milk should be considered more like a food than a nutrient
D.children should drink milk whether they like it or not
小题4:What can we learn from the passage?
A.Some dairy products may harm our health.
B.Milk has the highest level of protein of any food.
C.The writer seldom drank milk when he was young
D.People who drink milk every day are at a high risk of getting a heart disease.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
How do people pass on messages? When you write a letter or make a telephone call, your words _ 1___ a message. People communicate with words. Do you think you can communicate _2__ words?  A smile __3_ your face shows you are happy and friendly. Tears in your eyes tell__4__ that you are sad. When you __5_ your hand in class, the teacher knows you want to say something __6___ ask questions. You shake your head, and people know you are saying no. You nod and people know you are saying ____ .7
Other things can also give some information. For example,  a sign at the bus stop helps you to know which bus __8___. A sign on the wall of your school helps you to find the library. Signs on doors tell you __ 9___ to go in or out. __10___ you ever noticed that there are a lot of signs around you and that you receive messages __11__ them all the time? People can communicate __12___ many other ways. A (An) 13__  can use his drawings to tell about beautiful mountains,  about the blue sea and many other things. Books __14___ to tell you about all wonderful things in the world and also about people and their ideas. Books,  magazines,  TV and radio and films all help us to communicate with other people. They all help us to know __15__ is going on in the world.
小题1:
A.takeB.carryC.bringD.gives
小题2:
A.byB.withC.withoutD.use
小题3:
A.inB.onC.atD.of
小题4:
A.othersB.the othersC.otherD.the other
小题5:
A.put onB.put downC.put upD.put out
小题6:
A.whenB.orC.butD.if
小题7:
A.noB.helloC.yesD.nothing
小题8:
A.to getB.to take C.to haveD.to bring
小题9:
A.whichB.whereC.howD.what
小题10:
A.DoB.DidC.HaveD.Had
小题11:
A.fromB.ofC.aboutD.by
小题12:
A.withB.inC.withoutD.for
小题13:
A.writerB.artistC.scienceD.in
小题14:
A.writeB.wroteC.are writtenD.is wrote
小题15:
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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