Disposing(处理) of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it. As
题型：不详难度：来源：
Disposing(处理) of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it. As more and more people choose to live close together in cities, the waste-disposal problem becomes increasingly difficult.
During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dumpsite. Residents or trash haulers(垃圾托运者) would transport household rubbish, rotted wood, and old possessions to the site. Periodically(定期的) some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried. The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by.
Factories, mills, and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of. Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water. Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem.
Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society. The first problem is space. Dumps, which are now called landfills, are most needed in heavily populated areas. Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose. Property is either too expensive or too close to residential(住宅区的)neighborhoods. Long-distance trash hauling has been a common practice, but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent.
Awareness of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal. Pollution of rivers, ground water, land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of waste, however, continues to grow.
Recycling efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their people to take part. Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city"s reusable waste.
小题1:The most suitable title for this passage would be ______.| A．Places for Disposing Waste | B．Waste Pollution Dangers | | C．Ways of Getting Rid of Waste | D．Waste Disposal Problem |
小题2:During the 18th century, people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT for ______.| A．burying it | B．recycling it | | C．burning it | D．throwing it into rivers |
小题3:What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?| A．Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society. | | B．There is cheap land to bury waste in modem society. | | C．It is difficult to find space to bury waste in modem society. | | D．Ways to deal with waste in modem society stay the same. |
小题4: The main purpose of writing this article is to ________.| A．draw people"s attention to waste management | | B．warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing | | C．call on people to take part in recycling programs | | D．tell people a better way to get rid of the waste |
|
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:A |
解析
小题1:本题考查对于全文主旨大意地把握并要求考生据此选择最佳标题。文章主要讨论垃圾处理的问题(A项)，至于处理垃圾的地点(B项)、垃圾污染的危害(C项)和处理垃圾的方式(D项)都是垃圾处理问题的一个方面，不能以偏概全。
小题2:细节理解题。recycle意为“循环利用”。对于垃圾的循环利用是近才开始的一项技术，18世纪的时候是没有的。文章二、三段明确提到其余三种垃圾处理方法。
小题3:细节理解题。文章第四段提到landfills(垃圾掩埋法)和long-distance trash hauling(垃圾长途拖运)，可见现代社会人们所使用的垃圾处理方法还和以前一样。
小题4:作者意图推测题。C，D两项很容易排除掉，B项没有提到垃圾处理的问题，偏离文章的主题；所以答案选A。 |
举一反三
Listening to music can help me focus better. Since I discovered it two years ago, I’ve used music to get through boring work or to focus creatively. I’ve found that it can make even the dullest jobs enjoyable and help clear mental blocks to creativity.
I first noticed the good effects of music while playing video games. It was a few days before Christmas in 2005 and I was playing online video games. My parents had just given me a new MP3, so I decided to listen to music through the headphones while I played. After a few minutes I noticed a great change in my style of play. I was playing more naturally. The music relaxed me, and, to a certain extent, distracted me from the game, allowing my subconscious (潜意识的) talent to come through. The music also helped me block out the outside world. With those headphones on I was like a machine, moving from one task to the next without unnecessary thoughts or actions.
Music can also have a great effect on mood. If I’m in a bad mood at work, I’ll listen to some of Bob Marley’s and get down to business. It always takes my mind off what I’m doing and makes me a happier person. The same is true for classic rock. One summer, I did a boring job collecting bottle openers by hand. Without a radio playing classic rock in the background, I would have hated life.
Listening to music with relaxing rhythms and a positive message helps you forget your work and think happy thoughts. But the results you see will depend heavily on your personal tastes. Experiment with the types of music you listen to during certain tasks. By trial and error you’ll finally discover your best choice. I’m always looking for new concentration aids, so I’d love to know what type of music works best for me.
小题1: We can infer that the passage was written in __________.小题2:The author first discovered the effects of music __________.| A．from his parents | B．by chance | | C．at work | D．when he was a child |
小题3:Which of the following statements is NOT an effect of music for the author?| A．It helps him block out the outside world. | | B．It arouses his subconscious talent. | | C．It helps his mind relax. | | D．It makes him work without any thought. |
小题4:The author mentions the experience of collecting bottle openers in Paragraph 3 to ________.| A．tell us that life is dull | | B．prove that music affects mood | | C．tell us how to seek happiness | | D．tell us bad mood can affect work |
小题5:In order to get the greatest effect of music, you are advised to ________.| A．listen to some of Bob Marley’s | | B．only choose relaxing music | | C．test all kinds of music | | D．listen to classic rock |
|
Imagine a training course that helps you in your specific job. Imagine tools and techniques that are so closely connected with your work that you can apply them directly to it. Imagine receiving an Open University (OU) certificate (证书) in a course which states what you have studied and achieved.
It may sound fantastic, but it’s a reality at the Open University’s CCPD, which is making learning while you work more flexible (灵活的) than ever before.
The courses are starting to change workplace learning completely. Paige, who took CCPD’s courses, said the study had changed her whole way of thinking. “It was excellent for so many reasons,” she said. “It developed me as a person and as an employee and taught me particular techniques. I was always able to bring what I’d learned into the office the next day and apply it to my job.”
Even better news for Paige was that her employer paid the full cost of her study. She became one of thousands of OU students whose fees were paid by employers who recognized the value of an OU education.
“These courses are designed for CCPD rather than as part of a formal certificate,” said Kathy, an OU teacher. “We pay more attention to development rather than assessment (评估). Our role is to give them personal developmental advice, not a mark.”
Paige is just one of 200,000 students who are learning at OU. CCPD itself is just a part of an organization that offers courses and qualifications in 360 subjects and has so far helped to develop the skills and knowledge of more than two million people.
“Education does not stop with getting a degree,” said Charles Edwards, CCPD’s director. “In a fast-moving economy you cannot afford to rely on the degree you got some time ago. You must keep updating your knowledge.”
For details on CCPD’s courses and to register with the 10% discount available to members, visit www.open.ac.uk.
小题1:According to the passage, CCPD’s courses are ________.| A．required courses for formal academic qualifications | | B．training courses for professional development | | C．special courses for a master’s degree | | D．elective courses for university students |
小题2:The example of Paige is given to show ________.| A．the benefits of lifelong learning | | B．how completely learning has changed | | C．the value of CCPD’s courses of the OU | | D．the importance of hard work |
小题3:It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ________.| A．Paige has got promoted after learning CCPD’s courses | | B．an OU education has been accepted by many employers | | C．Paige is the best employee in her company | | D．most employers care for their employees |
小题4:According to the passage, CCPD’s courses focus on ________.| A．assessment of learners | | B．learners’ personal development | | C．the academic knowledge of learners | | D．classroom learning |
|
The storage of classified (分类的) research at all 24 labs run by the US Department of Energy was shut down this week after officials decided that the security (安全) problems recently found at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico might also exist elsewhere.
Several computer disks went missing at Los Alamos earlier this month, forcing Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham to stop all work at the lab until the problems are found out. As of 26 July, two missing disks had still not been found, and 15 employees had been suspended in connection with the disappearance.
Now all energy labs will stop doing classified research that involves(需要) removable storage devices --- such as computer disks --- until all the devices are given explanation for and new procedures are in place for monitoring their handling by laboratory employees.
"While we have no evidence that the problems being investigated are present elsewhere, we have a responsibility to take all necessary action to prevent such problems, "Abraham said on 23 July.
The shut-down isn"t quite as dramatic（惊人的）as it sounds, experts say. Only two labs will be seriously affected: Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. Together with Los Alamos, these two labs conduct the most part of the country"s nuclear weapon programmes. At Livermore, 876 employees will be suspended during the storage of some 12,000 items of classified removable material.
At other labs, far fewer people will be affected. "The impact (影响) should be the smallest," says Martha Krebs, former director of the energy department"s science office.
小题1:Why was the storage of classified research at all 24 labs shut down?| A．Because the security problems might be present elsewhere. | | B．Because the security problems existed elsewhere. | | C．Because two missing computer disks had still not be found. | | D．Because officials decided to stop doing such research. |
小题2:How many labs conduct the country"s nuclear weapon programmes according to the text?| A．About 24. | B．Only 2. | C．More than 2. | D．Over 15. |
小题3:The underlined word "suspended"in the second paragraph probably means "______”.| A．hung from above | B．stopped from holding a position | C．doubted | D．fired |
小题4: It can be inferred from the text that _____.| A．the computer disks must have been stolen by terrorists | | B．the people living in the United States have little security | | C．the United States is a country whose security is very bad | | D．the missing of the computer disks caused great fear among Americans |
|
Modern man has cleared the forests for farmland and for wood,and has also carelessly burned them. More than that,though,he has also interfered （干涉） with the invisible bonds between the living things in the forests. There are many examples of this kind of destruction. The harmfulness of man’s interference can be seen in what happened many years ago in the forest of the Kaibab plateau （凯亚巴布高原） of northern Arizona. Man tried to improve on the natural web of forest life and destroyed it instead.
The Kaibab had a storybook forest of largesized pine,Douglas fir,white fir,blue and Engelmann spruce. In 1882 a visitor noted,"We,who ... have wandered through its forests and parks,have come to regard it as the most enchanting region it has ever been our privilege （特权） to visit."This was also the living place of the Rocky Mountain mule deer. Indians hunted there every autumn to gather meat and skins. The forest also had mountain lions,timber wolves and bobcats that kept the deer from multiplying too rapidly.
Then,in 1906,President Theodore Roosevelt made the Kaibab a national game preserve. Deer hunting was forbidden. Government hunters started killing off the deer’s enemies. In 25 years’ time,6,250 mountain lions,wolves and bobcats were killed. Before the program,there were about 4,000 deer in the Kaibab,by 1924,there were about 100,000.
The deer ate every leaf and twig they could reach. But there was not nearly enough food. Hunting of deer was permitted again. This caused a slight decrease in the deer herd （鹿群），but a far greater loss resulted from starvation （饥饿） and disease. Some 60 percent of the deer herd died in two winters. By 1930 the herd had dropped to 20,000 animals. By 1942 it was down to 8,000.
小题1:The destruction of the environment of the Kaibab resulted from .| A．turning the forest into cultivated land | | B．interfering with natural cycle of forest life | | C．forest fires caused by man’s carelessness | | D．cutting the trees for building materials |
小题2:"Engelmann spruce"（Para. 2） is most likely the name of .| A．a tree | B．an animal | C．a mountain | D．a game |
小题3:The number of the deer in the Kaibab had increased enormously in years’ time.小题4:Years later,large numbers of deer in the Kaibab died mainly because of .| A．the cold | B．the organized kill | | C．the shortage of food | D．the poor management |
|
US college students are burdened, with credit card (信用卡)debt, according to a study published Tuesday, and the problem can be serious－ranging from more drop-outs, to future employment problems and even self-murder. The study, by Georgetown University sociologist (社会学家) Robert Manning, blamed credit card issuers for actively targeting students and colleges for allowing them to do so. "The unrestricted selling of credit cards in universities or colleges is so aggressive that it now forms a greater threat than alcohol or sexual diseases," Manning told a news conference in Washington. "If we do not quickly deal with this serious problem, the matter will continue to get worse, with social consequences far more tragic (悲剧的) than mere dollars and cents. "
Based on hundreds of face-to-face interviews and surveys with students, Manning concluded both the number with credit card debt and their indebtedness had been "underreported" in previous studies－which failed to reflect the "survival strategies" many used to deal with their debts. These included the use of federal student loans to pay off credit cards, effectively shifting the debt, appealing to parents for loans, reducing course work hours to increase time at paid jobs, or even dropping out altogether to work full time.
"Official drop-out rates include growing numbers of students who are unable to cope with the stress of their debts and / or part time jobs for servicing their credit cards, " the study said. "Students credit card debts are examined during the employment process and may be an important factor in evaluating future employees," it noted. O’Donnell and Manning agreed students should bear some responsibility for reckless use of credit, but said credit card companies also had to be held responsible for making it so easy for them to get into debt. Manning said one of the most troublesome aspects of the student credit card issue was "the seduction (诱惑) of college and university officials by the credit card industry".
小题1:Sociologist Robert Manning"s study shows that .| A．the number of American college students using credit cards on campus is increasing | | B．more and more American college students meet with credit card debt problems | | C．more and more American colleges encourage students to use credit cards to make profits | | D．credit card issuers will run into debt for encouraging college students to use credit cards |
小题2:The author"s feeling towards college students with credit card debts is __.| A．discouraged and negative | B．pitiful and critical | | C．indifferent and disapproving | D．negative and doubtful |
小题3:The author implies all of following should be responsible for this problem EXCEPT .| A．credit card issuers | B．college authorities | | C．parents of the students | D．students themselves |
小题4:The word "reckless" in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by .| A．inconsiderate | B．frequent | C．careful | D．regular |
|
最新试题
热门考点