阅读理解。 A new study says one part of the human brain may become smaller as the
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阅读理解。 |
A new study says one part of the human brain may become smaller as the result of a condition known as jet lag. Jet lag results from flying long distances in an airplane. People with jet lag feel extremely tired for several days. They may also have problems in thinking clearly and remembering. Recently a researcher at the University of Bristol in Britain reported the findings of his jet lag study, which involved twenty women who worked for international airlines. They had served passengers on airplanes for five years. These flight attendants flew across many countries and at least seven time zones. In the study, the flight attendants had different amounts of time to recover from jet lag. Half the women spent five days or fewer in their home areas between long flights. The other half spent more than fourteen days in their home areas. The researcher took some saliva from the women"s mouths to measure levels of a hormone (荷尔 蒙 ) that increases during stress . He tested them to see if they could remember where black spots appeared on a computer screen .And he took pictures of their brains to measure the size of the brain"s temporal lobes. (脑叶). It was found that the women who had less time between flights had smaller right temporal lobes. This area of the brain deals with recognizing and remembering what is seen. The same group performed worse and had slower reaction times on the visual memory test. And their saliva samples showed higher levels of stress hormones. The researcher believes the brain needs at least ten days to recover after a long trip. He says airline workers told him their ability to remember got worse after working on planes for about four years. Other studies have shown that increased feelings of stress can cause a loss of cells in the part of the brain that controls memory. Scientists say more tests are needed to study the effects of jet lag on the brain. They want to find ou t if too much jet lag could permanently affect memory. |
1. According to the text, jet lag _____. |
A. can cause difficulties in speaking B. can make people feel tired for a few weeks C. can be only found in flight attendants D. can be caused by flying over several time zones |
2. It can be inferred from the text that ______. |
A. the conclusion is refused by many scientists B. scientists fear that this research is not done properly C. every scientific conclusion needs the support from many tests D. the women who were examined in the research were not healthy |
3. From the result of the research we can see that _____. |
A. the women who have longer rest at home show better memory B. the women who fly in short time have smaller right temporal lobes C. the women who have longer flights fail the memory test D. the women who rest more than 14 days produce less hormones |
4. What is the subject discussed in the test? |
A. The cause of jet lag. B. A story of a group of flight attendants. C. The importance of having enough rest after flights. D. A research about the effects of jet lag on the brain. |
答案
1-4: DCAD |
举一反三
Motorists who used to listen to the radio or their favorite tunes on CDs may have a new way to entertain themselves, after engineers in Japan developed a musical road surface. A team from the Hokkaido Industrial Research Institute has built a number of "melody roads", which use cars as tuning forks(音叉)to play music as they travel. The concept works by using grooves(凹槽). They are cut at very specific intervals in the road surface. The melody road uses the spaces between to create different notes. Depending on how far apart the grooves are, a car moving over them will produce a series of high or low notes, and designers are able to create a distinct tune. Patent documents for the design describe it as notches(刻痕) "formed in a road surface so as to play a melody without producing simple sound or rhythm and reproduce melodylike tones". There are three musical strips in central and northern Japan-one of which plays the tune of a Japanese pop song. Reports say the system was invented by Shizuo Shinoda. He scraped some markings into a road with a bulldozer(推土机)before driving over them and found that they helped to produce all kinds of tones. The optimal speed for melody road is 44 kph, but people say it is not always easy to get the intended sound. "You need to keep the car windows closed to hear well," wrote one Japanese blogger. "Driving too fast will sound like playing fast forward, while driving around 12 mph[20 km/h]has a slowmotion effect, making you almost carsick." |
1. According to the passage, melody roads use________to create different notes. |
A. cars B. grooves C. spaces between intervals D. bulldozers |
2. We can learn from the passage that the highness of notes is depended on________. |
A. how far the grooves are B. how big the grooves are C. the number of the grooves D. the speed of the car |
3. The underlined word "optimal" in the passage might mean________. |
A. fastest B. possible C. best D. suitable |
4. In order to hear the music well, you have to________. |
A. drive very fast B. drive slowly C. open the windows wide D. keep the windows closed |
5. What"s the best title of the passage? |
A. A New Type of Music B. Melody Roads in Japan C. A Musical Road Surface D. A New Invention in Japan |
请阅读下列应用文及其相关信息, 并按照要求匹配信息。 阅读下列图书馆各个区域的相关信息: A. Bing Wing Carrels Study desks with a lockable storage compartment are located on the third floor of the Bing Wing of Green Library. Graduate students and visiting scholars are given priority for carrel assignments. Undergraduate students, if assigned, may use a carrel for one quarter at a time. B. The Velma Denning Room The Velma Denning Room provides a focused environment for the data and software services offered by Social Science Data and Software (SSDS). SSDS provides access to an extensive collection of datasets from consortia, foreign governments, international organizations and US agencies and offices on CD ROM and diskette. Users can view, download, or transfer numeric data on CD ROM and diskette from computer workstations. C. Bender Room The Albert M. Bender Room, with its wonderful views of the quad and the hills beyond the campus, offers comfortable seating and a quiet atmosphere for study, leisure reading, and reflection. The Bender Room contains a collection of good books of current and classic interest in fiction and nonfiction. This collection has been made possible by a generous gift from the Stanford University Bookstore. D. Lane Reading Room The Lane Reading Room, houses the Humanities and Area Studies Resource Center. From the beginning, the room has served as a reading room, first for general purposes, and later for the study of rare books and manuscripts(手稿). Traditional study and reading space is now complemented by Internet access (available from all seating in the room) and computer workstations. The Lane Reading Room houses the Humanities Digital Information Service (formerly the Academic Text Service), which provides access to SUL/AIR"s electronic library of humanities texts as well as to electronic indexes, publications, and the Internet. E. Dissertation(专题论文) Rooms Dissertation Rooms are available to currently registered doctoral students. Priority is given to those students in the Humanities and Social Sciences who use the Green Library collections. Because the rooms are in high demand, all rooms are doubleassigned and are available only to students who are both currently registered and advanced to candidacy. F. Jonsson Social Sciences Reading Room The Jonsson Social Sciences Reading Room is designed to facilitate a range of social science learning and research activities. A social science reference collection of over 15,000 volumes as well as classic texts, new and notable publications, and current issues of core journals in the social sciences are available. The Jonsson Reading Room is also home to the Social Sciences Resource Center computer cluster.
以下是人物信息, 为每个人选择相应的区域: 1. Lisa intends to go into studies on social science, and she is considering which specific question should be focused on. Rather than getting easy access to electronic texts, she would like to take a quick look at the new publications in the printed form first. 2. Ali is on a visit to the university. He has been invited to stay on campus for 2 weeks. At the library, he may need a place that can be locked up to keep his belongings. 3. Jack has finished his project on humanities. For several months he was seated in front of the computer screen writing his dissertation. Today he wants a change. A comfortable place with interesting novels, short stories, or even fairy tales is most favorable. 4. Ann, with a master"s degree on social science, is one of the currently registered doctoral students. Her supervisor has asked her to search for some information in the SUL/AIR"s electronic library. This is an urgent task. 5. Nick is doing a research on the Middle East. He badly needs a wide range of datasets from the area. He also plans to store the data on CD ROM so that he can use them later. |
阅读理解 |
I heard many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching (紧握) at one another"s hands for reassurance. They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled (聚在一起) round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thusandsuch a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon (蚕茧) into a larger_cocoon. It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of today"s parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don"t care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come-with the people who respect you for who you are. That is the only kind of popularity that really counts.
1. In this passage, the author wants to tell ________. A. teenagers to try to pursue their real selves B. readers to try to be popular with people around C. parents to try to control and guide their children D. people to try to understand and respect each other
2. The author disapproves of rebelling teenagers ________. A. growing away from their parents B. following the popularity trend C. walking a new way on their own D. turning to their friends for help
3. The phrase "larger cocoon" at the end of the second paragraph refers to ________. A. the distractive and variable society B. the dazzling music world C. the parental care and love D. the popularity wave in the society
4. What does the author think of advertisements? A. Convincing. B. Instructive. C. Influential. D. Authoritative.
5. According to the author, what might happen when a teenager stands up against the popularity wave and follows his/her own path? A. He/She falls behind the time. B. He/She loses good friends. C. He/She faces all kinds of criticism. D. He/She gains valuable popularity. |
阅读理解 |
The practice of magic includes special words, actions, and objects. Most magic involves a person called a magician, who claims to have supernatural powers. Magic words. To work most magic, the magician sings or speaks special words in a certain order. These words are called incantations or spells. Some spells form prayers to demons(魔鬼), spirits, or other supernatural forces. Many societies believe the magic will not work unless the magician recites the spells perfectly. Other magic words have no meaning, though they supposedly possess power when spoken by a magician. Magic actions accompany the words spoken in performing much magic. Many of these movements act out the desired effect of the magic. For example, a magician trying to make rain fall may sprinkle(洒) water on the ground. The magician"s combined words and actions form a ceremony. Magic objects include certain plants, stones, and other things with supposed supernatural powers. Any such object may be called a fetish(物神). But this term often refers to an object-for example, a carving or a dried snake-honored by a tribe for its magic powers. Many tribes believe fetishes have magic power because spirits live in these objects. Many people carry magic objects called amulets(护身符)to protect themselves from harm. Many amulets are stones or rings engraved(雕刻) with magic symbols. The magician. In some societies, nearly everyone knows how to work some magic. In other societies, only experts practice magic. Magicians may be called medicine men, medicine women, shamans, sorcerers, or witch doctors. In many societies, magicians must inherit their powers. In others, any person may become a magician by studying the magical arts. Many societies believe magicians must observe certain rules and taboos (forbidden actions) for their spells to work. For example, they may be required not to eat various foods or to avoid sexual activity for a certain period before the ceremony.
1. What do magic words mean to people in some society? A. They have the power to kill devils. B. They have power if magician recites the right spells. C. They have no effect at all. D. They can be used whenever they want.
2. People believe magic actions will have an effect if they are accompanied by________. A. the spells B. magic objects C. stones or rings engraved with magic symbols D. medicine
3. Why do many people believe in a fetish? A.Because it is often a ring which is worth a lot of money. B. Because it is carved with magic symbols. C. Because people think spirits live in it. D. Because it can help them with many things.
4. According to the passage what kind of person can become a magician? A. Only those studying the magical arts. B. Only those inheriting their powers. C. Only men. D. Almost all the people in some societies.
5. What"s the best title of the passage? A. How Magic Works B. The Power of Magic C. How to Practice Magic D. The Choice of Magicians |
阅读理解 |
Japanese high school students either walk or ride bicycles if the distance is not too great. In other cases, students must take public buses and trains. After junior high school, students attend schools based on their high school entrance examination scores. So some students travel a great distance to attend the school. ________ The school day begins at 8:30. Then students assemble in their homeroom classes for the day"s studies. Each homeroom has an average of 40-45 students. Students stay in their homeroom classrooms for most of the school day. Only for physical education, laboratory classes, or other subjects requiring special facilities(设备) do students move to different parts of the school. Between classes and at lunchtime, classrooms can be noisy, lively places. Some schools may have a cafeteria(自助餐厅), but most do not. In most schools, students bring a box lunch from home, prepared by the mother in the early morning hours. Japanese students spend 240 days a year at school, 60 days more than American students. Students in high schools take three years" each of the following subjects mathematics, social studies, Japanese, science, and English. Other subjects include physical education, music, art, and moral(道德的) studies. All the students in one grade level study the same subjects. Given the number of required subjects, electives(选修科目) are few. Afterschool Activities Club activities take place after school every day. Students can join only one club, and they rarely change clubs from year to year, so the clubs are relatively stable. Clubs are made up of sports clubs (baseball, soccer, judo, kendo, etc.) and culture clubs(English, broadcasting, science, etc.). New students usually are encouraged to select a club shortly after the school year begins in April. Clubs meet for two hours after school each day and many clubs continue to meet during school vacations.
1. Most Japanese high school students often have their lunch________. A. in restaurants B. in school cafeterias C. at home D. in homeroom classrooms
2. Students in the USA go to school________days a year. A. 180 B. 200 C. 240 D. 300
3. The underlined word "rarely" in the fourth paragraph means "________". A. always B. never C. seldom D. often
4. From the passage we know that________. A. there are less than 40 students in each class in Japanese high schools B. students must stay in homeroom classrooms for physical education C. there are few subjects for students to choose except the required ones D. there will not be any club activities during school vacations
5. The best subtitle for the second and third paragraphs may be "________". A. At school B. In class C. Subjects D. Homerooms |
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