任务型阅读。 Vegetables may aid the brain
题型：江苏期末题难度：来源：
A study suggests certain vegetables such as broccoli(西兰花)and spinach(菠菜)might help older
women keep their minds sharp.
Researchers have discovered that women in their 60s who eat more green leafy vegetables how less
signs of mental decline over time, reported Wednesday"s CRI online.
They gave participants a bundle of tests measuring memory, oral ability and attention. The study
didn"t include men, but researchers say a similar diet would likely have the same results.
Eating fish can cut risk of heart rhythm disorder
US scientists have found that eating fish can reduce the risk of deadly heartbeat disorders. They say
baked fish can effectively reduce the risk of atria fibrillation(心房颤动)among older men and women,
reported Tuesday"s CRI online.
Researchers say in their 12 years of research among 4,800 people over the age of 65, they found
those who ate fish one to four times per week had an about 30 percent lower risk compared with those
who ate fish less than once a month. They say the omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the risk of a range of
heart disorders and is vital to brain development and function.
Red wine may extend life
US scientist have found that a mixture that makes red wine a healthy drink may also hold the secret
to a longer life. They say antioxidant(抗氧化剂) in wine acted on fruited flies and worms in the same
way as a method known to extend the life of many animals, which is by sharply limiting how much they
eat.
Limiting calories has been shown to make animals such as dogs and monkeys live longer, but they
are often tired and lose productivity. The researchers will begin testing the mixture in mice.
答案
6. 4,8007. stronger8. brain9. calories10. longer
举一反三
vague longing for "the way things were".
One－room schools are an endangered species, however.For
more than a hundred years one－room schools have been systematically shut down and their students
sent away to centralized schools.As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one－room schools in the
United States.By 1970, there were 1,800.Today, of the nearly 800 remaining one－room schools,
more than 350 are in Nebraska.The rest are scattered through a few other states that have on their
road maps wide－spaces between towns.
Now that there are hardly any left, educators are beginning to think that maybe there is something
yet to be learned from one－room schools, something that served the pioneers that might serve as well
as today.
Progressive educators have come up with progressive－sounding names like "peer－group teaching"
and "multi－age grouping" for educational procedures that occur naturally in the one－room schools.In
one－room
schools, the ch
ildren teach each other because the teacher is busy part of the time teaching someone else.A fourth grader can work at a fifth－grade level in math and a third－grade level in English without the shame associated with being left back or the pressures of being skipped ahead.A youngster
with a learning disability can find his or her own level without being separated from the other pupils.In
larger urban schools today, this is called "mainstreaming". A few hours in a small school that has only one
classroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel it one of the advantages of living in Nebraska
that their children have to go to a one－room school.
B. are the best in Nebraska
C. are still common in America
D. provide good education
B. they skip too many children ahead
C. there is a trend toward centralization
D. there is no fourth－grade level in them
B. Teachers are always busy.
C. Pupils have more subjects to study.
D. Leaning is at different grade levels at a time.
B. He dislikes them.
C. He shows sympathy.
D. He rejects them.
B. once studied in one－room schools
C. prefer rural life to urban one
D. came from other states of America
you are wrong.Haven"t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a
language?
According to a new study by a British university,learning a second language can lead to an
increase in your brain power.Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey
matter.This is the area of the brain which processes information.It is similar to the way that
exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the effect is greater the younger people learn a second language.A
team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli,from University College London,took a group of Britons
who only spoke English.They were compared with a group of "early bilinguals" who had learnt
a second language before the age of five,as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density(密度)in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in
people without a second language.But the longer a person waited before mastering a new
language,the smaller the difference.
"Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning
a second language," said the scientists.It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between
bilingualism and math skill."Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes
the brain more flexible," he said."You are actually going beyond language and have a better
understanding of different ideas."
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a
second language between the ages of 2 and 34.Reading,writing,and comprehension were all tested.
The results showed that the younger they started to learn,the better."Studying a language means you
get an entrance to another world," explained the scientists.
B.man"s ability of learning a second language
C.language can help brain power
D.language learning and math study
B.prove that one needs more practice when he/she is learning a language
C.to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D.make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well
B.a second language learner
C.a person who can speak two languages
D.an active language learner
B.there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn"t know a second
language
C.the experience of learning a second language has bad effect on people"s brain
D.the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time
B.early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in study other subjects
C.Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D.you"d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language
predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is
expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions.
Every year, moist （潮湿的）air masses, known as monsoon，produce large amounts of rainfall in
India, East Asia, Northern Australia and East Africa. All this wet air is pulled in by a high pressure area
over the Indian Ocean and a low pressure area to the south.
According to Edward Cook, a weather expert at Columbia University in New York, the complex
nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records
for the area are too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of
researchers spent more than fifteen years traveling across Asia, looking for trees old enough to provide
long-term records. They measured the rings, or circles, inside thousands of ancient trees in more than 300 places.
Rainfall has a direct link to the growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers
developed a document they are calling a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas. It shows the effect of monsoons
over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s.
Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry weather. "If the monsoon
basically fails or is a very weak one, the trees affected by monsoons at that location might put on a very
narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide
ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the chronology tha
t we developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability." With all this information, researchers say they can
begin to improve computer climate models for predicting the behavior of monsoons.
"There has been widespread famine and starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And
on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding." said Eugene
Wahl, a scientist with America"s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "So, to get a sense
of what the r
egional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science."
B. The necessity of weather forecast.
C. The achievements of Edward cook.
D. A breakthrough in monsoon prediction.
B. they are formed under complex climate systems.
C. they influence many nations.
D. there is heavy rainfall in Asia.
B. The Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas has a monsoon record for about 1,300 years.
C. The trees affected by monsoon grow fast if the monsoon is weak.
D. The rainfall might be low although the monsoon is strong in monsoon-affected areas.
B. It should include information about human life in the past.
C. It has analysed moisture models world wide,
D. It will help people prevent droughts and floods.
B. Pessimistic
C. Humorous
D. Friendly.
better health. According to a new study, the ability of the body to resist some diseases that
are associated with stress is not just a matter of our genetics, race, or gender, but a matter
of our personality.
The investigators followed 103 adults above 40, examining their personalities and degrees
of extroversion. They found that extroverts (性格外向者)have significantly lower levels of
an inflammatory (炎症性的)chemical that leads to the blocking of arteries(动脉),heart attack
and stroke. They have also found that extroversion is an image of personality which consists
of three parts: a tendency to think in a happy way, a desire to be around other people and a
sense of active engagement with life.
Though the study was able to show that extroversion and active involvement in life are
associated with lower levels of the inflammatory chemical, it may be really hard to tell which
one comes first. Dr. Chapman warned that the researchers have not discovered yet whether
low inflammation is a result of people"s tendencies toward socializing, or inflammation itself is
affecting people by changing their personality tendencies.
The researchers are not sure how to stimulate people to change their lifestyle or nature.
Physical activity may be a piece of the solution, and has been found to lower stress levels,
especially with aging. Dr. Chapman says that beyond exercise, some individuals just have
this innate (天生的)energy that makes them enthusiastically involved in life. As a result,their
bodies have an increased ability to resist the physical effects of stress.
The experts arc continuing to try to develop specific therapies, such as the ones that are
being used to treat depression, and to help people find ways to increase active engagement
in life. Engaging in life can keep people much happier and healthier.
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human, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago,
adopting the infrared(红外线)scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites,
physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which
ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide(***虫剂)spraying rather than
rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don"t have pest problems.
Even better, Paley"s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they
became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured
the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a colourcoded map showing where plants
were running "fevers". Farmers could then spotspray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they
otherwise would.
The bad news is that Paley"s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted
the new technology and longterm backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about
pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation.
Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75 percent of
agricultural land in the United States, " says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
B. sprayed with pesticides
C. in poor physical condition
D. exposed to excessive sun rays
B. draw a colourcoded map
C. measure the size of the affected area
D. locate the problem area
B. transforming poisoned rain
C. consulting infrared scanning experts
D. detecting crop problems at an early stage
B. the lack of official support
C. the lack of financial support
D. its failure to help increase production
B. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
C. the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
D. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce
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