Today, there are many chances for those who wish to continue their education. Ho
题型：不详难度：来源：
Today, there are many chances for those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time.
Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally, such programs require a fixed time commitment which can also impact negatively on one’s career and family time.
Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible (灵活的) is that called distance learning. Distance learning is an educational method which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals which are so necessary in today’s world. The time required to study may be set aside at the student’s convenience. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from actually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Individual assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, fax machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet.
Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject, so a student doesn’t need to travel away from home to take a test. Another characteristic of a good distance learning program is the equivalence (等同) of the distance learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the company or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. Supporting distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining (留住) career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of part time education?| A．It requires some break in one’s career. | | B．It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program. | | C．It affects one’s career. | | D．It gives the student less time to share with the family. |
小题2: Which of the following is NOT an advantage of distance learning? | A．The student may choose his or her own pace. | | B．The student may study at his or her convenience. | | C．They can pursue their chosen career while studying. | | D．Individual assistance comes through regular airmail, telephone and fax machine. |
小题3:What benefit will distance learning program bring to a business? | A．Attracting more talented people. | | B．Good image of the business. | | C．Better cooperation with universities. | | D．Further training of employees and business growth. |
小题4: Good distance learning program have the following characteristics EXCEPT _______. | A．distance learning course is the same as students taking courses on campus | | B．the diploma or degree should be the same as on campus study | | C．professor-student relationship is strictly one to one all through the course | | D．includes subject evaluation tool |
小题5:What benefit will distance learning bring to an employee of a business? | A．Higher salary. | | B．Professional growth. | | C．Good impression on the employer. | | D．Good relationship with the employer. |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:B |
解析
【试题分析】：短文大意:本文主要通过函授教育和远程教育的比较，来说明远程教育的优点。
小题1:A推断题。问题问及选项中哪个不是业余教育的缺点。依据文章第一段中nearly all require some break in one’s career in order to attend school full time可以看出，参加全日制学习需要中断自己的事业，在第二段中作者又说Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts the completion of a degree program out of reach of many people. 业余教育，只需要晚上和周末学习，因此需要中断自己的事业不是部分时间教育的缺点。而其他选项都是文章提及的part time education的不利条件。
小题2:D细节题。文章提到的优缺点是几种教育方式之间的比较，问题问及哪个选项的内容不是远程教育的优点。前三个选项，A.“学生可以选择自己的进度”，B.“学生可以在他（或她）方便的时候学习”，C.“在学习的同时还可以追求自己的事业”都是文章中提及的与另两种方式比较的优点。在文章第二段最后，作者指出Individual assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, fax machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet. 辅导可以通过定期的航空邮件、电话、传真和电话会议以及因特网等方式进行，作者只是提出了一种可能，实际上是弥补distance education的不足的一个建议，并不是远程教育（函授）的优点。因此选项D符合题意.
小题3:D细节题。选项A、B、C在文章中都没有提及，依据文章最后一段，a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business 一个良好的远程教育计划不仅对个人有好处，而且对那些公司或者商业机构来说也是意义重大。选项D说的也正是这个意思，故为正确选项。
小题4:C细节题。意为：教授和学生之间的关系是严格地“一对一的”，而这不符合作者意图，参见原文末段，individuality 并不是意指严格地“一对一”。
小题5:B细节题。注意本题与上题的区别，上一题问及远程教育对公司的好处，本题则是远程教育对职工，也就是个人的好处。同样依据文章最后一段，a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual student but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. 远程教育可以帮助雇员提高教育素质和职业技能从而促使事业的发展，正确选项为A。 |
举一反三
Online Degrees
Today, you can earn a degree from a major university without ever having sat in one of their classrooms. Many colleges and universities are offering online courses and degree programs now.
Online Learning Programs
With a computer and an Internet connection, you can earn a degree from home, work, or anywhere else for that matter. Online degree programs follow much the same routines as traditional learning, with a few twists. There are lectures, but they won"t be in person. There are assignments (作业) , but you won"t hand them to your instructor. In most situations, you are free to "go to class" when it fits your"schedule. If you get a phone call during class, you don"t have to miss anything. If you get sick, you don"t have to ask for someone"s notes, and you just visit the lecture later.
You"ll communicate with your instructor by e-mail, chat room and instant messaging. Your classroom will live in a special software program. Contrary to popular belief, you will have close contact with other students and the instructor.
Evaluating the Program
There are a lot of questions to ask before you make your selection, such as:
How do students interact with each other?
★Online programs can use chat rooms, instant messaging, teleconferencing, and video conferencing to communicate. The key is to find a program that has this interaction built into it and even requires it.
★What kind of reputation does the school have?
It may seem simple-a good school will have a good online program. This reputation,however, may not be as straightforward as you think. It"s not uncommon for a great school to have a weak program or two. So you"d better look at the overall quality of the school and make a judgment.
The Employers" View
As more and more employees get online degrees and use them in the workforce(职场) , hiring managers will begin to feel more secure about the quality of education these people have.
小题1:In which way is online education special?| A．If you get sick, you"ll miss the lecture. | | B．There are lectures, but you don"t need to meet the lecturers. | | C．If you get a phone call during class, you will miss something. | | D．There are assignments, and you must hand them to your instructor. |
小题2:What is the most important part of online communication?| A．To use e-mails. | | B．To look for a program with interaction. | | C．To use chat rooms and instant messaging. | | D．To use teleconferencing and video conferencing. |
小题3:For whom is the passage probably written?| A．College students. | B．Hiring managers. | | C．Adult students. | D．High school students. |
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Baekeland and Hartmann report that the " short sleepers" had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 0r so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to regard their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.
In general, these "short sleepers" appeared ambitious, active, energetic and cheerful. They stuck to their opinions, and were very sure about their job choices..They often held several jobs at once, or worked full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear "normal" or " acceptable" to their friends and colleagues.
When asked to remember their dreams, the " short sleepers" did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. Similarly, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was not to admit that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.
The sleep patterns of the " short sleepers" were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic (躁狂者).
The "long sleepers" were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hanmann report that these young men have been lengthy sleepers since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concemed when sometimes they didn"t have their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to remember their dreams much better than the " short sleepers". Many of the "long sleepers" were shy, anxious, quiet, nervous, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves ( particularly in social situations) . Several openly stated that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.
小题1:From the passage, we can leam that .| A．"short sleepers" need less sleep by nature | | B．"long sleepers" sleep a longer period of time during the day | | C．many "long sleepers" preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood | | D．many " short sleepers" have to reduce their nightly sleep time because of busy work |
小题2:Many "short sleepers" are likely to hold the view that _____.| A．sleep is a good way to escape from the reality | | B．sleep is not so important as their daily activities | | C．sleep affects their judgment on some important things | | D．sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles |
小题3: It can be learned from the passage that the"short sleepers" _____.| A．do not know how to relax properly | | B．are more unlikely to run into mental problems | | C．are full of energy even under the pressures of life | | D．often pay little attention to the consequences of inadequate sleep |
小题4: When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the "long sleepers" might ______.| A．appear disturbed | B．become energetic | | C．feel dissatisfied | D．be extremely unhappy |
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Black Box
You never see them, but they"re with you every time you fly. They record where you"re going,how fast you"re traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to resist almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic (漫画) book.They"re known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to the Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean on June 30, 2009, the black box is the best method for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine(潜水艇) discovered its homing signal five days later, it marked a huge step toward determining the cause of the disaster in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958. Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first model for a black box, which became a requirement on all US commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to resist crashes, however, so in 1965 it was completely redesigned. That same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to be easier to see.
Modem airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots" conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help experts reconstruct the aircraft"s final moments. The boxes can resist powerful force and temperatures up t0 2,OOOoF. They"re also able to send out signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447 , which crashed near Brazil on June 1 , 2009 , are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they"re still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane"s black boxes were never recovered.
小题1:What can we leam about the black box from the passage?| A．It helps an airplane function normally. | | B．Its ability to avoid disasters is amazing. | | C．It is necessary equipment on an airplane. | | D．The idea for its design comes from a comic book. |
小题2:From the black box on the Yemeni airliner we can get information about _____.| A．the scene of the crash and the damage | | B．data for analyzing the cause of the crash | | C．the total number of passengers on board | | D．homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash |
小题3:The Federal Aviation Authority required the black boxes be painted orange or yellow to| A．make them easily identified | | B．meet the international standards | | C．caution people to handle them with care | | D．distinguish them from the color of the plane |
小题4:What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?| A．They have stopped sending homing signals. | | B．They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil. | | C．There is an urgent need for them to be restructured. | | D．There is still a good chance of their being recovered. |
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Retail therapy（购物疗法）has long been considered as a good way to let off stress. Now, US scientists have discovered not only does retail therapy exist，but that it could be caused by an individual"s fear of sudden death.
Researchers found materialistic people thought terrorism and war more stressful than others.
Psychologists believe the rise of materialism around the world and its treatment effect on extreme stress might be a response to fear of death caused by acts of terrorism, disease and natural disasters.
The scientists from Michigan State University said people with possession obsessions（妄想）often have lower self-esteem than others so are more likely to shop as the result of severe psychological suffering.
Ayalla Ruvio，a business professor studying people"s shopping habits while rockets fell in Israel, said, "When the going gets tough, the materialistic people go shopping. This stress spending is likely to produce even greater stress and lower well-being. Essentially, materialism appears to make bad events even worse.
Dr Ruvio led a two-part study of Israeli citizens living in a town that came under extreme rocket attacks for about six months in 2007. She compared 139 residents of the southern town with 170 from another town that was not under attack to see how their symptoms of post-traumatic stress and shopping habits varied. Dr Ruvio found that, when faced with a deadly threat, those who are highly materialistic suffered much higher levels of stress，while their tendency to shop was increased.
Dr Ruvio said, "The relationship between materialism and stress may be more harmful than commonly thought.”
The second stage of their research surveyed 855 Americans about their materialistic nature and fear of death. They found shopping was used to relieve feelings of stress and anxiety about death but this was in response to fear of a variety of life-threatening events like car accidents, criminal attacks and natural disasters.
小题1:Which of the following opinion is NOT right according to the text?| A．Terrorism is believed to easily cause the rise of materialism. | | B．The materialistic find terrorism and war more stressful than others. | | C．The scientists think possession obsessions help people get self-respect. | | D．The scientists think people with possession obsessions suffer a lot mentally. |
小题2:Why did Dr Ruvio choose to study the two groups of Israeli citizens mentioned in the passage?| A．They enjoy the special shopping culture. | | B．The stresses they face are usually deadly. | | C．They are in different situation in terms of war. | | D．They are usually active participants for researchers. |
小题3:What"s the result about Dr Ruvio"s research?| A．Impulsive spending does good to people"s health. | | B．Shopping can"t lower one"s stress as it is expected. | | C．Faced with great stress, people feel hopeless for life. | | D．Faced with threat，people"s wish to shop will decrease. |
小题4:Which of the following events threaten people"s life?
①Greater stress; ②Car accidents; ③Criminal attacks；. ④Natural disasters;小题5:What"s the main idea of the passage?| A．Greater stress can lead to shopping. | | B．Greater stress can cause a lot of diseases | | C．Shopping is very important in people"s life. | | D．Can shopping reduce the stress and relieve the fear of death? |
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About 35 percent of British adults sleep with teddy bears. Many more share a bed with a partner or spouse. Others still co - sleep, alongside children in a family bed.
But lying with your iPad? A recent survey by marketing agency Rosette found that 68 percent of tablet owners use the device in the bedroom, more than in any other location. The living room took a close second place, at 63 percent, reports AdAge. com, and only 45 percent of respondents said they use their tablets on the go.
But bringing devices into the bedroom is a bad idea, if quality rest is your goal. One of the most important factors of sleepiness is darkness, which signals to the brain that it’s time to start speeding up production of the sleep - inducing hormone melatonin. But as the New York Times points out, in our modern world, we are exposed to light long after the sun sets. While any type of light can disturb your sleep, the blue wavelength light given off by cell phones, laptops, tablets and other gadgets is particularly troublesome. Research shows that this blue light causes alertness so decisively that it can actually be used to fight tiredness.
According to the National Sleep Foundation, 95 percent of Americans use some device, whether it’s a TV, laptop, cell phone or other products, within an hour of killing time. “Artificial light exposure between dusk and the time we go to bed at night push our sleeping sense to a later hour - making it more difficult to fall asleep,” said Charles Czeisler, Ph. D. , M. D. , chief of the division of sleep medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.
Instead, experts recommend turning off all devices an hour before bedtime and finding another method for relaxation, like reading a book, taking a warm bath or performing a series of calming yoga poses. It’s also a good idea to exercise and lay off the caffeine several hours before bedtime.
小题1: According to a recent survey, most tablet owners use their iPad ________.| A．in the living room | B．in the bedroom | | C．in the office | D．on the move |
小题2: What can we know from this passage?| A．The light from cell phones is harmful | | B．Modern people have trouble falling asleep | | C．Darkness can create a good sleeping environment | | D．Blue light can prevent sleepiness decreasing |
小题3:If we often play with a laptop just before sleep, we’ll be more likely to ________.| A．dream of it | B．stay awake | C．feel sleepy | D．become tired |
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