Summer school is something a kid will never forget. For some, it"s a way to adva
题型：不详难度：来源：
Summer school is something a kid will never forget. For some, it"s a way to advance past their classmates. For most, summer school is a requirement in order to graduate with their classmates. I can remember being forced into taking a summer school course. It was not the school that forced me into this awkward situation, it was my mother.
I was a 16-year-old kid in a new school. My school did not offer summer courses so I had to take my course at an alternative school in the city. It was an experience I will never forget. I was not concerned with making friends. I was there to get credit（学分）for a course that I should have received for the previous semester. It was my doing that landed me in the situation and it was important that I understood this.
The fees were the lowest but the experience was amazing. I enjoyed I didn’t miss the day. The course was from Monday to Friday for an entire month. I passed the course with an A. I was thrown into an awkward situation but actually enjoyed it. My friends didn"t even know I took the course. Most of them were still sleeping by the time my course ended each day.
Awkward situations are so important for personal growth. This situation made me feel more independent. I made friends. I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about. While attending college, I remembered how much I enjoyed summer school and I chose to take summer school in my first three years of college. Some kids get pushed too much but some don"t get pushed enough. I was never pushed enough.
Enable your children to struggle for success. If your child needs summer school you explain to them why it"s important. Some parents are surprised by the situation and may want to be more involved in their children’s education. Follow through and follow up.
小题1:Most students go to the summer school in order to ____. | A．find good jobs | | B．become top students in their class | | C．have a chance to make more friends | | D．graduate successfully on time |
小题2:What made the author go to summer school for the first time?| A．What he had done. | B．His mother"s wish. | | C．His own requirement. | D．Study competition. |
小题3:Which of the following was NOT the benefit got by the author through attending summer school? | A．It helped him get rid of bad habits. | | B．It helped him make new friends. | | C．It helped him understand what sacrifice and hard work were. | | D．It increased his independence. |
小题4:From the last paragraph we can learn that the author _______.| A．does not like summer school at all even though it is useful | | B．thinks summer school is unnecessary for children | | C．encourages parents to make their children attend summer school | | D．is against forcing children to attend summer school |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:C |
解析
试题解析：本文通过讲述作者的上暑假学校的亲身经历而向大家强调暑假学校对孩子的好处，鼓励家长把孩子送到暑假学校去。
小题1:D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话：For most, summer school is a requirement in order to graduate with their classmates.对大多数人来说，暑期学校是为了和他们的同学一起毕业的一项要求。所以D正确。
小题2:B细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句话：I can remember being forced into taking a summer school course. It was not the school that forced me into this awkward situation, it was my mother.我记得被迫参加暑期学校课程。这不是学校，逼我到如此尴尬的局面，而是我的母亲，所以B正确。
小题3:A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句话：This situation made me feel more independent. I made friends. I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about.这种情况让我感到更独立。我交了朋友。我终于明白什么牺牲和努力工作所有关的意义，所以C正确。
小题4:C推理判断题。根据最后一段内容;让你的孩子为成功而奋斗。如果你的孩子需要的暑期学校，向他们解释你为什么它是重要的。一些父母的情况感到惊讶和可能要更多地参与孩子的教育。贯彻和落实这一点吧，所以C正确。 |
举一反三
Shopping green can make an important contribution to protecting the planet and conserving its resources.
Today’s consumer faces a wider range of choices than ever before, Add to that the steady stream of sales campaigns, and shopping smart only gets harder. To buy economically and reduce waste, safeguard health and protect the environment, you’ll need to follow some basic principles and have a clear idea of what you want.
1. Do Your Homework
Before making any major purchase, take the time to research it. Plentiful resources are usually available online. Avoid buying in a hurry, and don’t be persuaded by overenthusiastic salespeople. Sleep on it if necessary—you won’t regret giving yourself some extra time to think.
2. Take the Long View
Consider the running costs as well as the initial price of any item you buy. Many environmentally friendly products cost more to buy, but save you money in the long run. Choose items that are made to last. For example, pick a sofa that has a hardwood or steel frame rather than one made of softwood, which may break easily.
3. Skip the Disposable Option
Buy reusable products like washable cloth towels, handkerchiefs, serviettes（餐巾）and cleaning cloths rather than paper, single-use varieties. Avoid other disposable supplies like cups, glasses, and chopsticks, too.
4. Take the Local Route
Buy local products that are in season. It’s usually cheaper and fresher and has less harm to the environment. Markets and roadside stands are good sources. Some supermarkets also buy from local producers. Support it if you have one.
5. Avoid Wasteful Packaging
Better not buy products that have too much packaging. It’s estimated that approximately 10 percent of every shopping bill is actually paying for packaging—which you normally just throw away! Moreover, significant amounts of energy are used in the production of packaging. Purchasing refillable and renewable containers can also help cut this kind of waste.
小题1:What could be the best title for this passage?| A．Protection of the Planet | | B．Green Shopping Principles | | C．Environmentally Friendly Products | | D．Resource Conservation |
小题2:The underlined phrase “sleep on it” has the similar meaning with .| A．think it over | B．forget about it | | C．set it aside | D．put it into action |
小题3:Why does the author advise us to buy lasting products?| A．Because they are less expensive to buy. | | B．Because they save money in the long run. | | C．Because they will never break. | | D．Because they are local products. |
小题4:Which of the following can be considered green shopping?| A．Following the stream of sales campaigns. | | B．Buying disposable chopsticks. | | C．Focusing on packaging. | | D．Purchasing from local markets. |
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Unlike traditional commercials, Public Service Advertisements（PSA）are primarily designed to inform and educate rather than sell a product or service. The goal of a PSA is not to make a big sale, but rather to change public opinion and raise awareness for a problem.
Smokey Bear has been a recognized symbol of the protection of America’s forests from fire. It is created to educate the public about the dangers of wildfires. Smokey Bear was started in 1944 with the slogan, “Smokey Bear Says—Care will prevent 9 out of 10 forest fires”. Smokey Bear’s later slogan, “Remember! Only You Can Prevent Forest Fires”, was created in 1947 by the Advertising Council in America. In April 2001, the message was changed to “Only You Can Prevent Wildfires”.
The wildfire prevention campaign with Smokey Bear is one of the longest and most successful campaigns in advertising history. The Advertising Council often was in partnership with other organizations and groups to create various advertising for Smokey Bear since 1944.
The Advertising Council teamed with Walt Disney Company to create a series of PSAs. The ads feature（以···为形象）characters form the classic film Sleeping Beauty and aim to reach parents and children. The lovely Bambi also appeared in the advertisements. Mickey Mouse is much more popular throughout the country.
Those PSAs, which appear on television, on the radio, in the newspaper and on the website continue to remind Americans about the importance of wildfire prevention have helped to reduce the number of acres burned annually by wildfires. According to recent survey, Smokey Bear and his famous words of wisdom “Only You Can Prevent Wildfires” are recalled by 3 out of 4 adults.
In addition to the PSA campaign, Smokey Bear has his own U.S. postage stamp and website for more information about wildfire prevention. From the website, you can also learn all about wildfires and how we can protect our forests.
小题1:PSA are primarily designed to .| A．educate the public | B．change people’s status | | C．discuss a problem | D．sell products or services |
小题2:Which of the following is true of the Smoky Bear?| A．It is one recognized symbols of Walt Disney cartoons. | | B．It firstly appeared in America in 1944 with no slogan. | | C．It is created to warn Americans of the dangers of wildfires. | | D．Its slogan changes every three years. |
小题3:How does the author support his topic in Paragraph 4?| A．By summing up. | B．By giving examples. | | C．By comparison. | D．By asking questions. |
小题4:According to this text, Smoky Bear .| A．helps a lot to reduce wildfires in America | | B．isn’t popular among the American pupils | | C．has set up its own website to advertise products | | D．becomes the symbol of the Advertising Council |
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In an ideal world, people would not test medicines on animals. Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals, and expensive and time–consuming for people. Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge. That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.
Europe, on the whole, has the world’s most restrictive laws on animal experiments. Even so, its scientists use some 12 million animals a year, most of them mice and rats, for medical research. Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that is misleading. The American authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and, as these are the most common laboratory animals, the true figure is much higher. Japan and China have even less comprehensive data than America.
Now Europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs. Alternatives to animal testing, such as using human tissue or computer models, are now strongly recommended. In addition, sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use. At present, scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. If their findings do not fit the hypothesis being tested, the work never sees the light of day. This practice means wasting time, money, and animals’ lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.
Animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives. It needs to continue, even if that means animals sometimes suffer. Europe’s new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is conducted.
小题1:What is the main idea of this passage? | A．The success of animal experiments should be ensured. | | B．A ban on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced. | | C．Greater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals. | | D．Scientists should be required to share their research results with each other. |
小题2:Which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab? | A．America uses only about 1.1 million lab animals per year. | | B．Europe does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all. | | C．Britain does not use as many lab animals as China does. | | D．Japan has less comprehensive data on the number of lab animals used each year. |
小题3:Which of the following is mentioned as an alternative to replace animal experiments? | A．Statistical studies. | | B．Computer models. | | C．DNA planted in animals. | | D．Tissue from dead animals. |
小题4:What usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments? | A．They are not revealed to the public. | | B．They are made into teaching materials. | | C．They are collected for future publication. | | D．They are not removed from the research topic list. |
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Cutting global warming pollution would not only make the planet healthier, it would make people healthier too, new research suggests.
Cutting carbon dioxide emissions could save millions of lives, mostly by reducing preventable deaths from heart and lung diseases, according to studies released Wednesday and published in a special issue of The Lancet British medical journal.
“Relying on fossil fuels leads to unhealthy lifestyles, increasing our chances for getting sick and in some cases takes years from our lives,” US Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said in a telecast (电视广播) briefing from her home state of Kansas. “As greenhouse gas emissions go down, so do deaths from cardiovascular (心血管的) and respiratory diseases (呼吸疾病). This is not a small effect.”
Instead of looking at the health ills caused by future global warming, as past studies have done, this research looks at the immediate benefits of doing something about the problem, said Linda Birnbaum, director of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Some possible benefits seemed highly speculative (投机的，推测的), the researchers conceded (承认，给予), based on people driving less and walking and cycling more. Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as reducing cook stoves that burn dung (粪便), charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.
And cutting carbon dioxide emissions also makes the air cleaner, reducing lung damage for millions of people, doctors said.
“Here are ways you can attack major health problems at the same time as dealing with climate change," said lead author Dr. Paul Wilkinson, an environmental epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Wilkinson said the individual studies came up with numbers of premature deaths prevented or extra years of life added for certain places.
For example, switching to low-polluting cars in London and Delhi, India, would save 160 lost years of life in London and nearly 1,700 in Delhi for every million residents, one study found. But if people also drove less and walked or biked more, those extra saved years would soar (高耸，高涨) to more than 7,300 years in London and 12,500 years in Delhi because of less heart disease.
小题1:What does the passage mainly about?| A．How can people live longer. | | B．Cutting carbon dioxide emissions saves life. | | C．Global warming threatens people’s lives | | D．People should stop relying on fossil fuels |
小题2:The new research differs from past studies in that ________.| A．it focuses on the immediate benefits of cutting carbon dioxide emissions | | B．it studies the bad effects arising from future global warming | | C．it is believed by most people | | D．it mainly targets at developing countries |
小题3:According to Kathleen Sebelius ________.| A．sometimes it takes years to see the bad effects caused by consuming fossil fuels | | B．without greenhouse gas emissions, people would not die of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases | | C．the main reason why people get sick is that they rely on fossil fuels | | D．death from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are closely related to greenhouse gas emissions |
小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that ________.| A．London and Delhi have already benefited from reducing greenhouse gas emissions | | B．switching to low-polluting cars would save 160 lives in London every year | | C．walking and biking instead of driving will reduce the chance of heart disease | | D．attacking health problems and dealing with climate change are contradictory |
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Have you dreamed of building your own machine? Do you wish you could invent something new? Here we look at a few British inventions of recent times.
Adaptable glasses
Do you wear glasses? If so, can you imagine life without them? In 1985, Joshua Silver, a professor at Oxford University, asked himself, “Can I invent a pair of glasses that could be changed by the wearer?” He designed two plastic lenses（透镜）that are filled with a special liquid. Using syringes（注射器）you change the liquid between the lenses until you can see clearly. The glasses are not beautiful but they are easy to use and cheap to make.
The wind-up radio
When you switch your TV on tonight, think about all those people without electricity. Thinking about this, Trevor Baylis came up with the idea of designing a radio that could be powered by hand. In common with Joshua Silver he wanted his invention to be cheap and easy to use. He wanted even the poorest people in developing countries, who don’t have electricity and cannot afford batteries, to use it. The radio has a generator (发电机) which is powered by turning a handle. In 1996 it won a BBC Design Award for Best Protect and Best Design.
The Dyson cleaner
In many homes around the world you can see a cleaner that looks like a spaceship. This is the Dyson vacuum (真空) cleaner which uses something called “cyclonic separation” to separate the dirt. You do not need a bag for your cleaner and it does not get blocked so it is very practical. The idea came to Sir James Dyson after he kept having problems with his vacuum cleaner. He decided he could design a better one and in 1993 he opened his own factory. The Dyson is now one of the best-selling cleaners in the UK and Dyson is believed to have earned over a billion pounds.
The Zapata fly-board
Ever dreamed of zooming through the water and leaping in the air like a dolphin? Now you can thanks to a fly-board, built by water sports enthusiast Frank Zapata. With it you can dive back in the water and out again. It’s possible to jump to incredible heights out of the water — over 30 feet. The basic fly-board model comes in at ￡4,200.
So keep dreaming and inventing. One day you might get it right.
小题1:What can we learn about Adaptable glasses? | A．They are very expensive. | B．The inventor is a student. | | C．The glasses are fragile. | D．They don’t look very nice. |
小题2:Which invention won an award? | A．Adaptable glasses. | B．The wind-up radio. | | C．The Dyson cleaner. | D．The Zapata fly-board. |
小题3:The Dyson cleaner was invented with the purpose of _________. | A．helping people use cleaners more easily | | B．making Dyson a rich businessman | | C．keeping the house cleaner than before | | D．taking the place of human cleaners |
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