SOUTHPORT, ENGLAND—A British teaching union famous for strange ideas has support

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SOUTHPORT, ENGLAND—A British teaching union famous for strange ideas has supported a plan to employ dogs as classroom assistants.
At the yearly conference of the Professional Association of Teachers in Southport, northwest England, one person suggested properly trained dogs be able to keep order in primary schools. They can round up lost children and protect those who experience unfortunate “accidents”. Wendy Dyble, a Sheetland Islands woman who teaches children up to age seven, made it clear to her fellow friends that she was not “barking mad”. They obviously believed her, supporting her idea by 16 votes to 13, with a total of 63 abstentions（弃权）.
She said big dogs could help round up children, keep them in line, lick up the milk they spill on the floor and provide the extra eyes that a teacher needs to keep order. “A big dog would also be helpful for stopping flights and look for lost property, like gym shoes or dolls,” Dyble said at the conference. “The dog will also be useful in sniffing out(find out) smells that children do not own up to,” she added. “It would be nice for the teacher not to have to go round sniffing each child to find the criminal.”
The idea was welcomed by the Dog Defense League but less by bigger teaching unions. A spokesman for Education Secretary, David Blunkett, who is blind, said his guide dog was always popular with pupils when he visited schools. The Professional Association of Teachers, with around 35,000 members, is the smallest teaching union in Britain. It has an honor for occasional strange ideas.
Earlier this week, its yearly conference here suggested stopping exams because they lead to stress and introducing selection at the age of 12 based on physical coordination（调整）and manual（手工的）skill.
小题1:According to the writer’s opinion, to employ dogs as classroom assistants ________.

A．is not a good idea

B．can improve the relation between children and animals

C．is beyond ordinary people’s imagination

D．can make some teachers lose jobs

小题2:What Dyble said at the conference ________.

A．gained some support from the members

B．frightened everyone present

C．interested everyone present

D．caused some trouble to trained dogs

小题3:The last paragraph of this passage ________.

A．has nothing to do with the topic of this passage

B．shows there are too many exams in British school

C．provides further facts about the teaching union

D．shows the writer’s anger to the union

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C

解析

小题1:第一段是全文的主题段，介绍英国一个教学组织提出的一个“怪异的”教学设想：雇佣狗作为教学助手。根据倒数第二段第一句得知，这种观点没有受到大多数人的欢迎。
小题2:由第二段最后一句得知。
小题3:联系前几段就会发现最后一段是进一步提供该教学组织的相关背景。

举一反三

The Galapagos a far-away archipelago(群岛) and largely untouched by man, is now facing a problem. Its local people, who live on the island of Santa Cruz, want to develop the business and tourist potential（旅游资源）of the island. Recently, they are locked in a bitter struggle with the naturalists who work at the Charles Darwin Centre, also on Santa Cruz. The naturalists want to protect the island’s wildlife which is already suffering as a result of human activity.
The animals’ great threat used to be sailors who, hundreds of years ago, robbed the islands for food. They wiped out about 250,000 Giant Tortoises. For example, on Pinta, one of the smallest islands, there are no Giant Tortoises left at all. The last survivor, an 80-year-old Giant Tortoise called Lonesome George, lives under the protection of naturalists at the Darwin Centre.
Today, the island’s animals are no longer hunted for food. But other dangers have replaced the threat from sailors. Goats, for example, introduced over the years by man, have gone wild. With no natural enemies, their number has reached 10,000 on the largest of the Galapagos islands, Isabella. They are eating huge quantities of plants, and robbed the remaining Giant Tortoises of food. The problem is now so bad that the National Park Service has hired hunters to kill the goats in order to save the Giant Tortoise from dying out.
小题1:Today, you can find the Giant Tortoises on the island of _______.

A．Santa Cruz

B．Pinta

C．Isabella

D．Galapagos

小题2:Which of the following shows the right relationship between the Galapagos, Isabella, Pinta and Santa Cruz?

A．The Galapagos>Pinta>Isabella>Santa Cruz

B．Isabella>Santa Cruz>the Galapagos>Pinta

C．The Galapagos>Isabella>Santa Cruz>Pinta

D．Isabella>the Galapagos>Pinta>Santa Cruz

小题3:We can learn from the article the greatest danger to the Giant Tortoises is from________.

A．sailors

B．hunters

C．goats

D．the local people

小题4:From the first paragraph we can infer that _____.

A．the naturalists try to help the local people with their interest.

B．The local people pay more attention to the economic growth than the wildlife there,

C．The animals and plants are of great importance to the local.

D．The naturalists don’t care about the local people at all

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Dropouts for Ph. D. s
Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated "because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’
"The results of our research" Dr. Tucker concluded, "did not support these opinions."
1.    Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.
2.    Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialties.
3.    Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.
Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.
As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. "s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. "s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. "s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.
小题1: The author states that many educators feel that
[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.
[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.
[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.
[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.
小题2: Research has shown that
[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. "s in financial attainment.
[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.
[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.
[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
小题3: Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.
[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.
[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.
[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.
[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.
小题4: After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.
[B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.
[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.
[D] Ph. D. "s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.
小题5: It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in
[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.
[B] academic requirement too high.
[C] salary for dropouts too high.
[D] 1000 positions.

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The following form shows the result of a survey (调查) of parents from five countries, who were asked why children are important to them. They were required to choose three main reasons from seven dealing with personal interests, family relations and social responsibility(责任). Each number in the form is the percentage (%) of parents who chose that particular item(项) as one of their three reasons. Therefore, the most common for Japanese parents are strengthening family ties (Item D, 51%), learning from the experience (Item E, 60%), and raising responsible citizens (Item, G 45%).

Items	Japan	Korea	U.S.A	Britain	France
A.To see oneself continuing in future	35	32	31	17	59
B. To keep the family line	24	68	28	17	26
C. To receive care in old age	10	38	8	7	8
D. To strengthen family ties	51	25	50	55	66
E.To develop oneself through raising one’s children	60	19	54	69	35
F. To enjoy raising one’s children	20	19	50	71	39
G. To raise responsible citizens	45	40	46	28	15

小题1:According to this survey, Korean parents are most interested in .

A．continuing their family	B．obtaining care in old age
C．strengthening family relationship	D．caring for raising children

小题2:How many items are chosen by parents of more than two countries as main reasons?


A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

D．Five.

小题3:From the percentages in items _______, we can see the following difference between the Asian and the European countries: the Asian parents want to devote themselves to future societies through children; the European parents enjoy the course of raising children.

A．B and C

B．D and F

C．E and F

D．F and G

小题4:According to the form, which of the following is true?

A．From the main reasons shown in the form it seems that in every country parents do not expect care
from children in their old age.

B．Japanese parents share two of their main reasons with the British and American parents, and the third one with Korean parents.

C．More than half of the parents from each country chose the reason“tostrengthen family ties”and for each it was one of the three main reasons for having children.

D．The percentage of French parents selecting the reason“to see oneself continuing in future”is about as high as that of the other countries.

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Pierre is a 25-year-old penguin at the California Academy of Sciences. Due to his old age, he was going bald, which made him feel too cold to swim in the pool. Therefore, biologists at the academy had a wetsuit created for this penguin to help him get back in the swimming pool.

Unlike marine mammals, which have a layer of blubber to keep them warm, penguins depend on their waterproof feathers. Without them, Pierre was unwilling to jump into the swimming pool and ended up trembling on the side of the pool while his 19 peers played in the water.
"He was cold; he would shake," said Pam Schaller, a senior biologist. Schaller first tried a heat lamp to keep Pierre warm. Then she got another idea: if wetsuits keep humans warm in the cold Pacific, why not make one for Pierre?
Schaller designed the suit, which covered Pierre’s body and had small openings for his flippers.
"I would walk behind him and look at where there were any gaps, and cut and refit and cut and refit until it looked like it was extremely suitable," she said.
One concern was that the other penguins would reject Pierre in his new suit, but in fact, they accepted his new look. He swam freely and got along with others well, although he was the only penguin with a black stomach.
Schaller couldn’t say for sure whether the wetsuit allowed Pierre to recover his fine feathers, but "certainly we were able to keep him comfortable during a period of time that would have been very difficult for him to stay comfortable".
Pierre will take off his suit after his new feathers grow back.
小题1: Pierre felt too cold to swim in the pool because of _____.

A．not having a layer of blubber	B．having few feathers due to old age
C．having no wetsuit	D．others penguins rejecting him

小题2:The idea of making a wetsuit for Pierre came from _____.

A．total invention	B．the use of wetsuit on humans
C．the use of heat lamp	D．waterproof feathers

小题3: Schaller followed Pierre in order to see _____.

A．whether other penguins would reject him

B．if anywhere of wetsuit needed to be cut and refit

C．if the wetsuit kept warm

D．whether the wetsuit would keep the feathers from recovering

小题4:What does the underlined word in the second paragraph mean?

A．feeling scared

B．staying alone

C．shaking with cold

D．keeping warm

小题5:The best title of the passage is _____.

A．Wetsuit for An Old Penguin	B．Old Penguin Getting Bald
C．Unwilling to Swim	D．Strange Look of Pierre

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What should you think about when you try to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others, These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value.
　　Your school may have taught you skills, such as typing or technical drawing, which you can use in your work. You may be good at mental work or cookery（烹调术） and look for a job where you can improve these skills.
　　If you have had a part - time job on Saturday or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part - time job.
　　Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not feel sorry about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.
小题1:The first paragraph of the passage is mainly about ________.

A．the indirect value of school work　

B．the importance of being good at all subjects

C．knowing one’s strong or weak subjects at school

D．using school performance to help to choose a career

小题2:In the writer’s opinion, for a student to have a part - time job is probably ________.

A．a good way to find out his weak points　

B．one of the best ways of earning extra money

C．of great use for his work in the future　

D．a waste of time he could have spent on study

小题3:If a student’s school record is not good, according to the passage, he________ .

A．may do well in his future work　

B．won’t be able to find a suitable job

C．may be a complete failure in the future　

D．will regret not having worked harder at school

小题4:The whole passage centers around ________.

A．knowing oneself in looking for a job　

B．developing one’s abilities useful in school

C．gaining much knowledge by working hard at school

D．choosing a career according to what one is skilled in

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