Micro bloggers：have you ever compared the number of fans on your Sina Weibo or T
题型：不详难度：来源：
Micro bloggers：have you ever compared the number of fans on your Sina Weibo or Tencent micro blog with those of your friends ?Don’t imagine you have more fans just because your number is bigger——some of them might be “zombie fans”，or fake(假的)followers．
That’s what Chen Chuanliang ，creator of Leijian Network，found when he bet against his friend several months ago．Chen，who used to do data mining for Microsoft Asia Research Institute，discovered that there were far more invalid(无效的)micro blog accounts than he had imagined．
Later Chen picked 1 0 users on Sina Weibo and analyzed their statistics．Kai-Fu Lee，the former CEO of Google China，who’s on Chen’s list of research，posted a message on his micro blog after he found out that he had more than 1 million fake fans(out of about 5 million)，joking“I have 1 million zombie fans ?If united，we can finally defeat those plants．”
According to a report by S Weekly in March，zombie fans on micro blogs are defined as invalid accounts signed up by network companies for the purpose of increasing the number of fans for certain users and getting them more attention．
And this kind of fake followers are also very much alive on Western social networks such as Twitter and Facebook ．
The Financial Times reported in August，that Newt Gingrich，a Republican candidate in the US presidential election，bought about 80 percent of his 1．3 million Twitter followers and tried to use them as help in his campaign．
Now there are also business deals through which users can get hundreds of thousands of fans for their micro blog accounts，by paying a small amount of money．
“We have been working to find ways to block or delete those invalid accounts，”Mao Taotao，a spokesperson for Sina Weibo told S Weekly.
“But as the fake accounts grow so fast，they’re going to be here for a while．
小题1:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
| A．Micro Bloggers | B．Blog Accounts |
| C．Zombie Fans | D．Micro Blog Fans |
| A．making friends with people |
| B．paying a little money |
| C．helping their weibo followers |
| D．doing search on the Internet |
| A．there are more fake fans in America than in China |
| B．invalid accounts for micro blogs will be deleted in no time |
| C．there exist many fake fans on western social networks as well |
| D．Newt Gingrich had 1．3 millions followers in his presidential election |
| A．deals’ | B．fans’ | C．campaigns’ | D．users’ |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:D
解析
试题分析：文章介绍现在很多微博用户拥有虚假的粉丝，被称为“僵尸粉”，这样可以增加用户的受欢迎程度，用户通过付一些钱就可以得到僵尸粉。
小题1:标题确定题：从文章第一段的句子：Don’t imagine you have more fans just because your number is bigger——some of them might be “zombie fans”，or fake(假的)followers．可知这篇文章的标题是：僵尸粉，选C
小题2:细节题：从文章第七段的句子：Now there are also business deals through which users can get hundreds of thousands of fans for their micro blog accounts，by paying a small amount of money．用户通过付一点钱为他们的微博账户获得zombie 的粉丝，选B
小题3:推理题：从文章第五段的句子：And this kind of fake followers are also very much alive on Western social networks such as Twitter and Facebook ．可以推断出在西方的社交网站也存在很多虚假的粉丝，选C
小题4:猜词题：从文章第七段的句子：Now there are also business deals through which users can get hundreds of thousands of fans for their micro blog accounts，by paying a small amount of money．可知their指的是“用户”，选D
举一反三
While repeated performance of Jingle Bells may seem like an innocent attempt to raise customers’ spirits during the nightmare of Christmas shopping, the songs also have a more delicate impact.
“Background music, or “Muzak”,can be used by marketers to impose cultures ---such as the commercialization of Christmas--- onto consumers and influence their behaviour,” experts said.
Dr. Alan Bradshaw of Royal Holloway, University of London, said, “Festive jingles are force-fed to Christmas shoppers in a bid to change their mood, influence their sense of time and what sort of products they buy. In other words, this is an attempt to control your shopping habits in a way that you might hardly be aware of.”
“Often we are told that we have the freedom to choose where we want to shop, but during Christmas the use of music in this way is so common that our freedom to choose disappears.”
Dr. Bradshaw and Prof Morris Holbrook of Columbia University examined the phenomenon and found that retailers often “dumb down” the music played in shops to relax customers, meaning it is easier to control their behaviour.
It is thought that slowing down the rhythm of music in shops can trick customers into thinking less time has passed, and therefore spend more time examining the shelves, for example.
Some providers of background music have been known to promote their services by claiming they can boost profits by controlling the behaviour of customers.
“A common trick is to take a popular current song and record an instrumental version which can be slowed down or sped up at different time of the day to influence behaviour in different ways,” Dr. Bradshaw said.
Background music is often classed as “Muzak” in honor of the Seattle-based company which began producing its soft-sounding melodies in the 1930s.
小题1:According to Dr. Bradshaw, in what ways does Christmas music influence customers?
①their mood ②their income
③their sense of time ④ the sort of products they buy
| A．①②③ | B．①③④ | C．②③④ | D．①②④ |
| A．let customers spend more time shopping |
| B．make customers and sales assistants relaxed |
| C．let customers enjoy the beautiful music |
| D．help customers find what they really want |
| A．Classical music | B．Popular modern songs. |
| C．Folk songs. | D．Jazz music. |
| A．Music makes happy Christmas |
| B．Christmas “Muzak” |
| C．How to make Christmas music? |
| D．Christmas music makes us spend more |
Several agencies have sprung up (涌现) offering actors to attend weddings or even funerals．The first guest-for-hire company was established about nine years ago and around 10 now send out dozens of pretend friends to family events．
Agencies such as Hagemashi Tai —— which means “I want to cheer you up” —— charge around ￡100 for each “guest”．Other services such as giving a speech in praise of a bride or the groom cost extra．
The appearance of the small fake friends industry has been linked to social and economic changes in Japan．With lifetime employment (终身雇佣制) a thing of the past，couples feel uncomfortable about inviting work colleagues to their wedding．Increasingly busy and stressed out，many Japanese surround themselves with only a very small circle of friends．
When they marry，however，they are under pressure to match the number of their new partner’s wedding guests．Office Agents，the largest provider of pretend friends，makes sure that its employees have done their homework and know all about the bride or groom before the wedding．
Hiroshi Mizutani，the company’s founder，said the fake friends he provides must look happy，be well dressed and look like people with good jobs．
小题1:Why did fake friends industry come into being in Japan?
| A．Because of social and economic changes． |
| B．Because of lifetime employment． |
| C．Because of normal social life． |
| D．Because of work pressure．． |
| A．weddings | B．funerals |
| C．work | D．family gathering |
| A．have done their housework |
| B．have good jobs |
| C．must look happy and be well dressed |
| D．feel uncomfortable |
| A．Japanese couples are under pressure to get married． |
| B．The first guest-for-hire company in Japan started． |
| C．Japanese couples’ social life is boring． |
| D．Japanese couples rely on fake friends． |
Our behavior when waiting is only partly decided by the length of the wait. “Often the psychology of queuing is more important than the statistics of the wait itself,” notes the MIT researcher Richard Larson.
One apparent aspect of queuing psychology is that we get bored when we wait in line. This issue is solved in many ways, from magazines in hospital waiting rooms to mirrors in elevators so that we can check our appearance.
We really hate it when we expect a short wait and then get a long one. But studies show that we are much more patient when we are given an idea of how long we’ll be waiting.
Walt Disney Co knows this better than anyone else. It posts estimated waiting times for attractions in its theme parks. But according to Larson, these times are overestimated so that visitors get to the front of the queue more quickly than they expect. It keeps them happy.
But perhaps the biggest influence on our feelings about waiting in a line has to do with our sense of fairness. When it comes to queues, the universally acknowledged standard is first come, first served. Any departure from this principle is regarded as unfair and can lead to violent queue anger.
You’ve probably experienced mild queue anger yourself in fast food restaurants, watching people in the other line zoom ahead of you, cursing yourself for having chosen the “wrong” line. In order to solve this problem, the serpentine(蛇形) line was invented. The serpentine line guides all customers into one big snaking queue, separated by ropes or barriers. When you reach the head of the queue, you are directed to the next available server, or teller, or customs official. The serpentine line isn’t always faster than multi-lines before an array(排) of cash registers. But it offers important comfort: you absolutely never have to see someone arrive after you and get served before you.
In life, waiting is inevitable. But a better understanding of the psychology of waiting can help make it a bit more bearable. When all else fails, bring a book or a smart phone will also do.
小题1:In the 1st paragraph, the author intends to tell us_____.
| A．why people are crazy about Apple’s products |
| B．people waste their precious time in queuing |
| C．waiting time is not the only cause for people’s hate in queuing |
| D．the psychology is the real reason why people hate to wait in lines |
| A．having people queue in serpentine line |
| B．letting people know how long they will wait exactly |
| C．making people queue shorter than they are informed |
| D．offering people magazines to read when waiting in lines |
| A．make the waiting line move faster |
| B．guarantee the first-come-first-served principle |
| C．solve the problem of feeling bored in queuing |
| D．guide all customers into one big snaking queue |
| A．to explain the advantages of serpentine line |
| B．to introduce ways of saving time in queuing |
| C．to offer an explanation of the psychology of queuing |
| D．to analyze the psychology of people queuing for Apple products |
(1) Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.
(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus——“He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行窃).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information ——“All kids get into mischief(顽皮). Taking a book from a bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information--- “It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”…
小题1:The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _____.
| A．our hearing and visual abilities |
| B．cultural background and personal experiences |
| C．the experience one learns from others |
| D．critical measures taken by other people |
| A．one is likely to take all aspects into consideration |
| B．one pays more attention to his/her advantages |
| C．children often differ from grown-ups in perception |
| D．one tends to choose certain aspects to look at |
| A．they follow different standards |
| B．either of them may be slow to catch information |
| C．the time for observation is not long enough |
| D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions |
| A．something attractive |
| B．selective perception |
| C．contradictory information |
| D．shoplifting |
| A．the information received runs against your desire |
| B．facts can be twisted or totally ignored |
| C．importance of the contradictory information can be overrated (估计过高) |
| D．misbehaved children may not be punished |
The job market is, after all, awfully tough. Just this month the Federal Reserve Bank published a study showing that “recent graduates are increasingly working in low-paid jobs or working part-time.” The bright spot, according to the study, is for students who majored(主修) in STEM— science, technology, engineering and mathematics — areas in which recent graduates “have tended to do relatively well”.
But Emma is a student of the humanities(人文) at a small college. She’s an American Studies major with a focus on the politics and culture of food. For quite a while, I think her field of study is so fashionable right now that I’m not the least bit worried she will find a good job. Yet the more I’ve thought about it, the more I’ve decided to be honest. “I’m not sure what Emma is going to do,” I now say. “But she’s gotten a great education and has really found her interest. — and I know those things will serve her well over the course of her life.”
Nowadays, more and more universities and colleges are being measured by the salaries of their recent graduates. In this climate, encouraging your kid to study the humanities, seems, at best, unwise or, at worst, unconcerned with earning a living. But a college is not a vocational(职业) school. And promoting STEM subjects should not be society’s only answer to helping the next generation grow in a competitive world.
From the beginning, we never urged Emma to pick a college or a major with an eye on its expected return on money, as more and more families are doing. To Emma, what really matters will be something that we may not be able to measure for quite a long time: Emma’s contribution to the world and how happy she is in it.
小题1:The author’s friends and family_________.
| A．are worried about Emma’s safety |
| B．have been worrying about the flood |
| C．are concerned about Emma’s future |
| D．are worried about the job market |
| A．The number of the graduates is increasing. |
| B．STEM graduates can be better employees. |
| C．STEM graduates are in relatively greater demand. |
| D．More and more graduates like to do a part-time job. |
| A．Because she is interested in it. |
| B．Because her mother told her to. |
| C．Because it is increasingly popular. |
| D．Because she wants further education. |
| A．it should be among the STEM |
| B．it should be fashionable and interesting |
| C．it should allow a good job and a high salary |
| D．it should bring achievements and happiness |
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