One thing the tour books don’t tell you about London is that 2,000 of its reside
题型：不详难度：来源：
One thing the tour books don’t tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. As native as the royal family, they fled the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world.
Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges (避难处) have been created. The Greater London Council last year spent $750, 000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from abandoned spots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben.
For peregrine falcons (游隼), cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings (悬崖栖息地). By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food.
Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain (保持) the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds.
小题1:The first paragraph suggests that ________.| A．environment is the key to wildlife | | B．tour books are not always a reliable source of information | | C．London is a city of fox | | D．foxes are highly adaptable to environment |
小题2:Which of the following is NOT a reason that wildlife is returning to the cities?| A．Food is plentiful in the cities. | | B．Wildlife is appreciated in the cities. | | C．Wildlife refuges have been built in the cities. | | D．Air and water quality has improved in the cities. |
小题3:It can be inferred from the passage that ________.| A．Londoners are putting more and more wild animals into their zoos | | B．Londoners are happy to see wild animals return to their city | | C．Londoners are trying to move wild animals back to the countryside | | D．Londoners have welcomed the wild birds, but found foxes a problem |
小题4:What is the passage mainly about?| A．Wildlife returning to large cities. | | B．Foxes returning to London. | | C．Wild animals living in zoos. | | D．A survey of wildlife in New York. |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:A |
解析
试题分析：文章讨论的是动物重新出现在大城市了，并分析了原因
小题1:细节题。通读第一段可知现在的环境适合动物的生活，很多以前消失的动物都重新出现。选A
小题2:细节题。ACD三项在文章2,3段都已经出现了，但是B项没有出现。选B
小题3:推理题。根据文章第三段可知伦敦人做出了很多的努力让这些动物重新回来，故B正确。
小题4:主旨大意题。文章讨论的是动物重新出现在大城市了。选A。
点评：本文考查细节题为主，细节题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或是其变体。搜查信息在阅读中非常重要它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 |
举一反三
You are watching a film in which two men are having a fight. They hit one another hard. At the start they only fight with their fists（拳头）.But soon they begin hitting one another over the heads with chairs. And so it goes on until one of the men crashes through a window and falls thirty feet to the ground below. He is dead!
Of course he isn’t really dead. With any luck he isn’t even hurt. Why ? Because the men who fall out of high windows or jump from fast moving trains, who crash cars of even catching fire, are professionals（职业）.They do this for a living. These men are called stuntmen. That is to say, they perform tricks（骗局）.
There are two sides to their work. They actually do most of the things you see on the screen. For example, they fall from a high building. However, they do not fall on to hard ground but on to empty cardboard boxes covered with a mattress（床垫）. Again, when they hit one another with chairs, the chairs are made of soft wood and when they crash through windows, the glass is made of sugar!
But although their work depend on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and training. Often a stuntman’s success depends on careful timing（计时）.For example, when he is “blown up” in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion（爆炸）just at the right moment.
Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They often get seriously injured, and sometimes killed. A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff a thousand feet high. His parachute（降落伞）failed to open, and he was killed.
In spite of（尽管）all the risks, this is no longer a profession for men only. Men no longer dress up as women when actresses have to perform some dangerous action. For nowadays there are stuntgirls too!
小题1:Stuntmen are those who____________| A．Often dress up as actors | | B．prefer to lead dangerous lives | | C．often perform seemingly dangerous actions | | D．often fight each other for their lives |
小题2:Stuntmen earn their living by___________| A．playing their dirty tricks | | B．selling their special skills | | C．jumping out of high windows | | D．jumping from fast moving trains |
小题3:When a stuntman falls from a high building,___________| A．he needs little protection | | B．he will be covered with a mattress | | C．his life is endangered | | D．his safety is generally all right |
小题4:Which of the following is the main factor(因素) of a successful performance?| A．Strength | B．Exactness | C．Speed | D．Carefulness |
小题5:What can be inferred from the author’s example of the Norwegian stuntman?| A．Sometimes an accident can occur to a stuntman. | | B．The percentage of serious accidents is high. | | C．Parachutes must be of good quality. | | D．The cliff is too high. |
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Fifty-two years ago in the USA, a little black girl named Ruby Bridges arrived at her new primary school. The school was in New Orleans, Louisiana.
As she walked toward the school’s front door, an angry crowd of people shouted at her. United States marshals walked with her. A marshal is a police officer. They were there to protect the first grader. That’s because the people didn’t want Ruby to go inside the school. But the 6-year-old walked into the school anyway. As she did, she marched into history books.
The day was Nov. 14, 1960. On that morning, little Ruby became one of the first African Americans to attend an all-white primary school in the South.
Before then, the law in many states said that black children could not attend the same schools as white children. People of different races also had to use separate public restrooms. It was called segregation. That is when people of different races are kept separate.
U.S. leaders worked to end segregation. They helped bring civil rights to all Americans. Those are the rights mean that all people should be treated equally. A few months before Ruby started school, a federal court (联邦法庭) had just ordered an end to school segregation in New Orleans.
By the time Ruby started the second grade, there were no more angry people outside her school. There were other African American students in her class. Today, children of all races go to school together.
Bridges said she was never scared to go to school during the first grade. She wasn’t really afraid and she didn’t really know what was going on at the time.
小题1:Why was Ruby Bridges famous in the American history? | A．She served on the U.S. federal court. | | B．She got along well with the U.S. marshals. | | C．She helped end school segregation in New Orleans. | | D．She brought all rights to the Americans with U.S. leaders. |
小题2:Which of the following is about “segregation” (in Paragraph 4)? | A．White and black children couldn’t study in the same school. | | B．All people should have the right to be treated equally. | | C．Different races can use the same public convenience. | | D．Students of all races should be able to attend school together. |
小题3:What do you think of the U.S. leaders’ work to end segregation? | A．Disappointing. | B．Acceptable. | | C．Successful. | D．Confusing. |
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Surgical teams accidentally leave clamps, sponges and other tools inside about 1,500 patients nationwide each year.
The mistakes largely result not from surgeon tiredness, but from the stress arising from emergencies or complications(并发症) discovered on the operating table, the researchers reported.
The study found that emergency operations are nine times more likely to lead to such mistakes, and operating–room complications requiring a change in procedure are four times more likely.
It also happens more often to fat patients, simply because there is more room inside them to lose equipment, according to the study.
Two–thirds of the mistakes happened even though the equipment was counted before and after the procedure, in keeping with the standard practice.
Most lost objects were sponges, but also included were metal clamps and electrodes(电极). In two cases, 11–inch retractors (牵引器) metal strips were forgotten inside patients. In another operation, four sponges were left inside someone. When there is significant bleeding and a sponge is placed in a patient, it can sometimes look indistinguishable from the tissue around it.
The lost objects usually lay around the abdomen (腹腔) or hips but sometimes in the chest. They often caused tears or infections. Most patients needed additional surgery to remove the object. In other cases, patients even sensed nothing about the object, and it turned up in later surgery for other problems.
To prevent such mistakes from happening, Loyola University Medical Center is becoming one of the first hospitals in the country to use sponges outfitted with bar codes. The new system was brought to Loyola through the efforts of the hospital’s operating room nurses.
Another effective way is to X–ray patients after surgery to reduce the likelihood of objects being left inside patients.
小题1:In which of the following situations are objects most likely to be left inside a patient?| A．The nurses are counting the equipment and the patient is being X–rayed. | | B．The surgeons are doing the last operation of the day, and everyone is exhausted. | | C．unexpected happens and some changes must be made in the procedure. | | D．A complex operation is going on according to the plan made by many experts. |
小题2:Which of the following statements is NOT true?| A．Such mistakes happen more often to fat patients. | | B．1,500 patients suffer from the mistake all over the world every year. | | C．X–ray examination can help to find the lost objects. | | D．The mistake largely results from stress rather than tiredness. |
小题3:What can we infer from the passage?| A．Surgical teams aren’t to blame for the mistakes. | | B．Some people never know there is something left inside their body. | | C．Most mistakes happen because equipment isn’t counted after the procedure. | | D．Only some small objects may be left inside the patients. |
小题4:What is the best title for the passage?| A．Never Trust Anyone | B．A Mistake in the Operating Room | | C．Carelessness and Mistakes | D．Tips for Patient Safety |
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In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity, others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self – worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life – and – death affairs. In their single – minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self – respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.
小题1:What does this passage mainly talk about?| A．Competition helps to set up self – respect. | | B．Competition is harmful to personal quality development. | | C．Opinions about competition are different among people. | | D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition |
小题2:Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?| A．It improves personal abilities. | B．It builds up a sense of duty. | | C．It pushes society forward. | D．It encourages individual efforts. |
小题3:The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means ___________.| A．those who try their best to win | | B．those who value competition most highly | | C．those who rely on others most for success | | D．those who are against competition most strongly. |
小题4:Which point of view may the author agree to?| A．Fear of failure should be removed in competition. | | B．Competition should be encouraged. | | C．Winning should be a life – and – death matter. | | D．Every effort should be paid back. |
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阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
[1] Parents and educators battle over how much homework kids should have, and how often they should have it. This past school year, my eldest daughter"s teacher did not assign too much homework, and often gave the kids extra time during class to get it done. Meanwhile, my daughter"s dear friend — who attends the same school and is in the same grade — struggled nightly with her lengthy homework assignments. She had work to do every night, extra projects to complete, and assignments to complete over holiday break.
[2] So which was the lucky kid? Some might argue that my child was — she had more time to play, and spent less time stressing over assignments. Others might feel that my child was missing out on a key element of her education by not having what she was learning during the school day reinforced.
[3] To be honest, I"m not really sure which camp I"m in, but it"s debates like this one that have sparked a homework revolution between parents and schools all over the country. A New York Times article reported that the school district in Galloway, N.J., is considering a proposal to limit weeknight homework to 10 minutes for each year of school — 20 minutes for second-graders, 30 minutes for third-graders, etc. — and ban assignments on weekends, holidays and school vacations. The school district in Pleasanton, Calif., is looking at a similar proposal. __________, other schools around the country are introducing homework-free holidays, no-homework nights, and goal-work — instead of homework — that can be completed throughout the school day.
[4] Most of these changes are in response to annoyed parents who see lengthy homework assignments competing with what little family time they have each day. The documentary "Race To Nowhere" spurred（激起）more debate by highlighting the unnecessary pressure on kids in today"s educational system.
小题1:What is the text mainly about? (no more than 8 words)
小题2:What sparked a homework revolution among parents and schools all over the country according to Paragraph 3? (no more than 5 words)
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
小题4:What’s the parents’ attitude towards too much homework according to the last paragraph? (no more than 4 words)
小题5:What does the underlined word (Line 3, Paragraph 1) probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)
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