In a US city, a woman parked her car in an attended lot. Hoping to get a discoun

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In a US city, a woman parked her car in an attended lot. Hoping to get a discoun

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In a US city, a woman parked her car in an attended lot. Hoping to get a discount on the cost of parking, she asked, “Do you give validation(批准)?”“Certainly,”replied the store"s manager:“You are an excellent person and I love your hair.” That might be worth the cost of parking．I mean，who wouldn"t pay a couple of dollars for this kind of validation?
Author Alan McGinIlis cites an interesting study about the power of positive encouragement．A second-grade teacher complained that her children were spending too much time standing up and roaming around the room rather than working．
Two psychologists observed the behavior of the children and the teacher. Every ten seconds they noted how many children were out of their seats. They counted 360 unseated children throughout each 20-minute period．They also noted that the teacher said "Sit down!" seven times during the same period．
The psychologists tried an experiment．They asked the teacher to tell the children to sit down more often. This time they noted that she commanded her students to sit down 27.5 times in an average 20-minute period, and now 540 were noted to be out of their seats during the same average period．Her increased scolding actually made the problem worse．
Then the experimenters tried a different task．They asked the teacher to quietly praise those children who were seated and working．At this time, children"s roaming was decreased by 33％．They showed their best behavior when they were praised more and blamed less．
People who motivate others to take great action are almost always those who encourage more than criticize; who praise more and blame less.
Perhaps the woman"s question is the correct one after all．"Do you give validation?" I hope I can always answer “YES”.
小题1:When parking her car in an attended lot, the woman ________.
A．made a very silly mistakeB．was laughed at by the manager
C．got great praise from the managerD．failed to pay the cost of parking at last
小题2:The students in the study performed better mainly because_______.
A．they were motivated by the psychologists
B．they were inspired by the teacher"s attitude
C．they regretted roaming around the classroom
D．they changed their relationship with the teacher
小题3: In the passage, the author thinks that_______.
A．it is better to blame others than to praise others
B．sometimes it"s hard to receive praise from others
C．criticizing children does no good to their growth
D．we all know how to encourage others by praising
小题4: Why does the author talk about the study in the passage?
A．To show the power of encouragement.
B．To show how the teacher praises children.
C．To show his argument is scientifically based.
D．To show the teacher is a successful motivator.
小题5:What is the author"s attitude towards giving validation?
A．NeutralB．NegativeC．PositiveD．Reasonable

答案

小题1:C
小题1:B
小题1:B
小题1:A
小题1:C
解析
略
举一反三
Scientific Progress
Most scientific progress is the result of careful consideration of work that has already been done. The wonderful world which lies before us today has been put up by hardworking men with clear heads and inventive mind, and these who follow them along life’s road will improve on their efforts. It is sometimes necessary to question and even to disbelieve some of the statements made by experts. Action or experiment can often end an argument or achieve a breakthrough.
When men were wondering whether it was possible to reach India by sailing westwards from Europe, and whether there was any land on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, Christopher Columbus decides to act. He gathered some men, invited them to go on board his three ships, and set out across the dangerous waters of the Atlantic Ocean. He was successful in finding land, but it was not India. The result of his action was that the arguments came to the end.
Any young man who wishes to do research must be courageous enough to question old beliefs and do some original thinking about them. Although we seem to know so much, there are many things we don’t know. Even when we pull an atom to pieces, we do not really know what the pieces are, we often do not reach the reality behind what we discover, and the more we learn, the better we realize our ignorance.
小题1:Christopher Columbus decided to set out his trip because he wants to ________
A．travel round the world
B．bring words into action
C．discover the truth with action
D．bring the argument to an end
小题2:According to the passage, the more we learn _______
A．the more ignorance we will become
B．the more brilliant we are
C．the more confident we are of ourselves
D．the more we know about our ignorance
小题3:Our present wonderful world has been built up by _______
A．men who do not believe in others but themselves
B．those who work hard and dare to break way from old ideas
C．those who can make improvements on other people’s work
D．men who work extremely hard in following their teachers
小题4:Columbus succeeded in finding out that_______
A．the Atlantic was dangerous to get across
B．India was to the west of the Atlantic
C．There was land on the other side of the Atlantic
D．it was possible sail to India by crossing the Atlantic

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Please help! I live in Germany with my wife and three kids. My parents live in the UK. I want my kids to have as much contact with their grandparents as possible. The kids all use e-mail, Skype and SMS but my parents won’t. I’ve bought them a laptop, paid for broadband, given them both mobile phones and a digital camera, but they won’t use them. My parents say they hate computers and new technology. What can I do with these “technophobes”?
Daniel, Buremburg, Germany
Actually, the original technophobes were the Luddites, a group of cloth workers in 19th century Britain during the Industrial Revolution. The Luddite cloth workers, who traditionally made cloth by hand, were worried that machines were going to take away their jobs and way of life. These machines could make cloth much faster and cheaper than humans. In 1811 and 1812 the Luddites destroyed the machines that they hated so much, but the British government supported the factory owners. Many Luddites were arrested. Charlotte Bronte’s novel Shirley will tell your parents all about it.
Laura, Valencia, Spain
Laura makes some interesting points, I think. Technophobes has been a common theme in science fiction. Frankenstein, one of the first science fiction, is a warning of what could happen if humans began to experiment with human life.
Freda, Copenhagen, Denmark
One thing you could try is to find hardware that is designed for older people to use. An example is the mobiles made by the US company, Jitterbug. Instead of icons and menus the Jitterbug phones ask users simple “yes/no” questions and have larger keypads. The company realized that there are potentially 100 million older users in the US alone.
Graham, Patras, Greece
小题1:The underlined part “the technophobes” in the passage refers to ______.
A．those who are ready to try new technology
B．those who are addicted to the Internet
C．those who refuse to use modern technology
D．those who are devoted to inventing new things
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE of the Luddites?
A．They called themselves the technophobes.
B．They got full support from their factory owners.
C．They preferred to keep their traditional working methods.
D．They were killed by the government.
小题3:Who has put forward a practical and useful suggestions?
A．Laura. B．Freda. C．Daniel. D．Graham.
小题4:The passage is probably taken from _____.
A．a personal blog B．a letter between friends
C．a personal diary D．a speech on new technology
小题5:What can we infer from the passage?
A．Daniel would buy her parents a novel written by Shirley.
B．Charlotte Bronte wrote about technophobes in her novel Shirley.
C．Daniel would buy her parents cell phones with icons and menus.
D．Daniel worried about her children using e-mails.

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When middle-aged Alex gave up his job and made up his mind to become a self-employed writer, no one could tell surely whether he would succeed or not．He found a cold storage room in a building, set up a used typewriter and settled down to work．
After a year or so, however, Alex began to doubt himself．He found it was difficult to earn his living by selling what he wrote．But Alex determined to put his dream to the test-even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure．This is the shadow land （虚幻世界） of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there．
One day Alex got a call, "We need an assistant, and we"re paying $ 6,000 a year．" $ 6,000 was real money in 1960．It would enable Alex to get a nice apartment, a used car and more．Besides, he could write in his spare time．As the dollars were dancing in Alex"s head, something cleared his senses．He had dreamed of being a fulltime writer．"Thanks, but no," Alex said firmly and swiftly.
After Alex got off the phone, he pulled out everything he had: two cans of vegetables and 18 cents．Alex put the cans and cents into a paper bag, saying to himself," There"s everything you"ve made of yourself so far．I"m not sure I ever felt so low．"
Finally his work was published in 1970．Instantly he had the kind of fame and success that few writers ever experience．The shadows had turned into focus of attention．
Then one day, Alex found a box filled with things he had owned years before．Inside was a paper bag with two cans and 18 cents．Suddenly he pictured himself working in that cold storage room．It reminds Alex, and anyone with a dream, of the courage and persistence （坚毅） it takes to stay the course (坚持到底)in the shadow land．
小题1:Why did Alex give up his job?
A．Because he didn"t like the working conditions．
B．Because he couldn"t earn enough to make a living．
C．Because he felt he had no potential in his job．
D．Because he wanted to be a full-time writer．
小题2:What did Alex express when he answered the call?
A．He refused the job offer．
B．He was willing to give them a hand．
C．He expected them to pay him more money．
D．He would write in his spare time．
小题3:What kind of person is Alex?
A．Determined．B．Modest．C．Shy．D．Brave．
小题4:Which of the following can be the best title of the passage ?
A．Look before you leap．B．Two heads are better, than one．
C．Hold on to your dream, and it will come true．D．A bird in hand is worth two in the bush．

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案
Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window. "Buy Super Clean Toothpaste.” Drink Good Wet Root Beer.” Fill up with Pacific Gas.” Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of "You Need It! Buy It Now!"
The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before. Usually some things have changed new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road. The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so. If the driver is particularly reckless （鲁莽的） or daring, the ride can be as thrilling （惊心动魄的） as a suspense story. Will the driver pass the truck in time? Will the driver move into the rightor the lefthand lane? After a while, of course, the excitement dies down. Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride. Food always makes bus rides more interesting. But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat. Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops.
The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning. You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in that. The seat of course, has become harder as the hours have passed. By now you’ve sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with your hands on the armrests even with your hands crossed behind your head. The end comes just at no more ways to sit.
小题1:According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip?
A．Buses on the road.B．Films on television.
C．Advertisements on the billboards.D．Gas stations.
小题2:What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To give the writer’s opinion about long bus trips.
B．To persuade you to take a long bus trip.
C．To explain how bus trips and television shows differ.
D．To describe the billboards along the road.
小题3:The writer of this passage would probably favor        .
A．bus drivers who aren’t recklessB．driving alone
C．a television set on the busD．no billboards along the road
小题4:The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because          .
A．the commercials both on TV shows and on billboards along the road are fun
B．they both have a beginning, a middle, and an end, with commercials in between
C．the drivers are always reckless on TV shows just as they are on buses
D．both traveling and watching TV are not exciting.
小题5:The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are .
A．excitingB．comfortableC．tiringD．boring

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案
The iPhone, the iPad, the iPod : each of Apple’s products sounds cool and has become a fad (时尚). Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i” — and many other brands are following suit. The BBC’s iPlayer — which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the Internet — adopted the title in 2008. A lovely bear — popular in the US and UK — that plays music and video is called “iTeddy”. A slimmed-down version of London’s Independent newspaper came out last week under the name “i”.
In general, single-letter prefixes have been popular since the 1990s, when terms such as e-mail and e-commerce first came into use.
Most “i” products are aimed at young people and considering the major readers of Independent’s “i”, it is no surprise that they’ve selected this fashionable name.
But it’s hard to see what’s so special about the letter “i” . Why not use “a”, “b” or “c” instead? According to Tony Thorne, head of the Language Center at King’s College, London, “i” works because its meaning has become ambiguous. When Apple uses “i”, no one knows whether it means Internet, information, individual or interactive, Thorne told BBC Magazines. “Even when Apple created the iPad, it seems it didn’t have one clear definition ,” he says.
“However, thanks to Apple, the term is now associated with portability (轻便).” adds Thorne.
Clearly the letter “i” also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual. Each person believes they have their own needs, and we love personalized products for this reason.
Along with “Google” and “Twitter”, readers of BBC Magazines voted “i” as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade.
But as history shows, fads come and go. From the 1900s to 1990s, products with “2000” in their names became fashionable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern. However, as we entered the new century, the trend inevitably（不可避免地）disappeared.
小题1:People use iPlayer to ____________.
A．listen to musicB．make a callC．watch TV programs onlineD．read newspapers
小题2:We can infer that the Independent’s “ i ” is aimed at _____________.
A．young readersB．old readersC．fashionable womenD．engineers
小题3: Nowadays, the “i” term often reminds people of the products that are ______________.
A．advancedB．portableC．recyclableD．environmentally friendly
小题4:The author of the passage would probably agree that _______________.
A．“i” products are often of high qualityB．all “i” products have something to do with Internet
C．the popularity of “i” products may not last longD．iTeddy is a live bear

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