Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is

Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is

题型:不详难度:来源:
Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic(流行病) of sleepiness in the nation.“I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit(lack)crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night.“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock.“People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr.David.“They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic. ”
Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs.“In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep.If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”
To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.“We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr.David.“Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”
小题1:What is the main topic of the passage?
A.The history of people’s sleeping patterns.
B.The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times.
C.Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit.
D.The minimum of our sleeping hours.
小题2:Which of the following is Dr.David’s opinion?
A.People’s metal power suffers if they are lacking in sleep.
B.Some people can remain energetic with only 6.5 hours’ sleep a night.
C.If they get 8.5 hours’ sleep, people will be full of drive and ambition.
D.People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don"t.
小题3:People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9.5 hours a night because _______.
A.they had no electricity
B.they knew what was best for their health
C.they were forced by their parents to do so
D.they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are
小题4:The major cause of sleep-deficit of modern people is _______.
A.the endless TV programs in the evenings and the internet
B.the heavy work load of the day
C.the sufficient energy modern people usually have
D.loud noises in the modern cities
小题5:What does the word “subjects” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Person or thing that is being discussed or described.
B.Branch of knowledge studied in a school.
C.Person or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented on.
D.Any member of a State apart from the supreme ruler.

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:C
解析

试题分析:本文主要讲了研究员对睡眠不足对人类的影响做试验研究。
小题1:根据To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit,故选C。
小题2:根据We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr.David.“Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”,故选A。
小题3:根据“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”,故选A。
小题4:根据Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programs,故选B。
小题5:根据through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,故选C。
点评:做这类题要有理有据,以文中所给事实细节为依据,全面把握作者思路与文章脉络,对隐含的观点进行合理推测与判断,深入领会作者“言外之意”,切忌主观臆断,断章取义,曲解作者本意。
举一反三
One of the most important meals of the day is breakfast. In order for children to build strong bodies and for adults to keep well, they should always eat a good breakfast. Eating the right food is necessary for good health. You should eat different kinds of food in order to keep a good health.
It is understood that a good breakfast may contain eggs, bread, milk, and so on. By eating breakfast every morning, you can feel alive and active in the morning’s work. After a good breakfast you can step out into the morning air and feel wonderful. Anybody can feel better by eating a good breakfast.
Many fathers and mothers are unable to get their children to eat breakfast. There are many reasons for children not to eat breakfast. One reason could be that they do not have a good example. It could be that the father and mother do not eat breakfast. What ever the reasons are for children not to eat breakfast, it can be bad for their health.
Without breakfast children may not grow as fast as they should and may not study and play as well in school in the morning as they could. They can have more illnesses, and, when they are ill, it may take them longer to be in good health again than it takes children with good health habits.
Good eating habits mean eating breakfast. Unless you eat breakfast, you do not eat a full meal from dinner the night before until lunch the next day. This is quite a long time for the body to go without food.
Food is the source of power for the body. Unless the body gets food, it cannot keep operating at top speed. Without food the body will slow down. Nobody will live without food. It is necessary to start the day full of power. So you must eat breakfast so that you can keep in good health and do your best each morning.
小题1:What should adults do in order to keep good health?
A.Eat less and take more exercise.B.Have less for lunch.
C.Have more for supper. D.Have a good breakfast.
小题2:Many fathers and mothers are unable to get their children to eat breakfast because they __________.
A.always eat a big breakfastB.eat a little for breakfast
C.eat more for breakfastD.don’t have breakfast at all
小题3:What will happen to the children without breakfast?
A.They may not grow as fast as children with breakfast.
B.They may grow faster and better than children with breakfast.
C.They may grow as fast and well as children with breakfast.
D.They may study as well as or ever better than children with breakfast.
小题4:Which of the following statements is TRUE?      
A.Breakfast can provide us the power we need.
B.Adults needn’t have breakfast.
C.Many fathers and mothers are unable to afford their children breakfast.
D.Only breakfast is important to us.

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A little stress is good, since it helps you keep motivated to meet your goals. However, too much stress is bad for your health. Stress needs to be managed in order to prevent anxiety (焦虑). Here are some tips on how to manage stress.
Write it out
Write down everything that seems stressful, and ways to deal with each problem. You’ll find a things-to-do list much easier to manage than having all messed up in your head. Write down the tasks along with the specific times when you can do them.
One task at a time
Give each task all your attention while you’re doing it, and forget the rest. This will keep you from feeling anxious about things you have left to do. Thinking about other tasks only adds unnecessary stress, and can even stop you from doing the task you’re busy with at present. You don’t need to do everything all at once, or on your own. The feeling of being pressed to finish something on time will somehow disappear if someone is there to help you.
Give yourself a reward
Rewarding yourself for what you’ve already done, no matter how small, is a great way to motivate yourself to keep going. It will reduce stress, and make you happier to go on with the next task.
Give yourself a break
Breaks of ten to fifteen minutes are important. Visit a cafe or take a quick walk —anything to take your mind off the work for a while. If you need to stay at work, sit with your eyes closed and imagine a peaceful place or some other relaxing scenes. This will remove the stress from your muscles and mind.
小题1:The best title for the passage would probably be _____.
A.Stress Is Good or Not
B.How to Form Good Working Habits
C.Tips on How to Manage Stress
D.Ways to Keep Healthy
小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A.It’s better to plan a specific time to do the task.
B.It helps you stay motivated to think about the undone tasks.
C.It’s unnecessary for you to do all the tasks by yourself.
D.It helps if you put your attention to one task at a time.
小题3:Which of the following would the author agree?
A.The more stress you have, the more motivated you will be.
B.Writing down everything seems impossible.
C.Only reward yourself for your biggest achievements in your work.
D.It is necessary to have a break during your work.
小题4:What can we learn from the passage?
A.Stress is always bad for people.
B.Imagining a relaxing scene may help.
C.The best way to relax is by rewarding yourself.
D.Finishing tasks on time reduces stress.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
It takes more than just practice to become an Olympian. Gold medal performances require some serious nutrition. Have you ever wondered what these successful athletes eat to stay in peak shape?
Keri Glassman, a registered dietitian and founder of Nutritious Life Meals, appeared on “Good Morning America” today to give you a glimpse into the diets of some top athletes. Some of their meals could surprise you.
Crazy Calorie Count
Glassman said Olympians eat a lot of food- quantities that for ordinary people would constitute pigging out. One secret of swimmer Michael Phelps’ astonishing performance in the 2008 Olympics in Beijing was consuming as many as 12,00 calories in one day.
Athletes can eat like this and not gain any weight because their workouts are intense. According to Glassman, Phelps’ workouts can burn 4,000 to 6,000 calories in a day, and those calories must be added in order to train the following day.
Snacking Secrets
Some athletes eat strange foods that improve their performance. Yohan Blake, the Jamaica sprinter and 100-meter world champion, has stolen champion sprinter Usain Bolt’s thunder on the track during the Olympic trials. Asked about how he gets his energy, Blake answered that he eats 16 bananas per day ,Glassman said.
Jonathan Horton, the lead gymnast on the Us team, has a blood sugar problem. His solution is honey. When he starts to feel shaky at the gym, he takes honey to boost his energy, Classman said.
Foods for Recovery
What are the best foods to help the body recover after harsh competition?
For Olympic swimmer Ryan Lochte, the recovery meal is grilled chicken breasts with Alfredo sauce, whole-grain spaghetti and a salad with lemon juice and olive oil. Lochte, who recently cut out junk food, candy and soda, has undertaken a strength-training regimen(养生法)that involves flipping tractor tires, and tossing beer kegs, Glassman said.
小题1:What’s the best title of this passage?
A.Good Diet Makes a True Olympian.
B.Olympians Have Olympic-size Appetites.
C.The Diet of Some Top Olympic Athletes.
D.Olympians’ Strange Eating Habits.
小题2:What does the underlined sentence probably mean?
A.Ordinary people eat few pigs compared with Olympians.
B.Olympians eat a lot more food than ordinary people.
C.Olympians tend to eat a lot of high-quality food.
D.Olympians eat a large amount of food, just like pigs.
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Ryan Lochte quit eating junk food , candy and soda for his better recovery.
B.Yohan Blake finally beat Usain Bolt in the 100-meter track in the Olympics.
C.Michael Phelps’ astonishing performance was due to his eating lots of food.
D.Jonathan Horton has a blood sugar problem because of taking too much honey.
小题4:The passage is most likely to be found in     .
A.a technical reportB.a fashion magazine
C.an education columnD.a sports newspaper

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
With big handbags becoming a key fashion accessory(配饰) for working women, health experts are warning they can also become a key health concern.
Bags for women have become bigger and heavier as designers combine briefcases with handbags and straps have become longer, resulting in many users complaining of neck, shoulder and back problems.
“I see so many women with neck pains and headaches and what I usually do is look for their purse and pick it up,”said Jane Sadler, a family practice physician at Baylor Medical Center in Garland, Texas.“We take it over to the scale and weigh it and usually they’re anywhere from 7 to 10 pounds. We’re really going to see women with more and more problems later on if we continue the big purse craze.”
William Case, a physical therapist(临床医生)in private practice in Houston, Texas, urged designers“to place a cute, educational caution tag(标签) on all bags to inform buyers of potential neck and shoulder dangers.”Above all, he suggested correct posture while carrying big purses, keeping the head and shoulders upright. Patients should also often change the size and weight of purses carried.
“The extra-large purses are quite extraordinary. They look beautiful when the women wear them, but I don’t know how aware they are of the potential problems,”Case said.
Placing objects on one shoulder was one of the least efficient(高效率的) ways of carrying a load, according to a professor from Cornell University in New York State.“This causes a great imbalance,”he said.“If a big bag is a fashion accessory, then occasional and symbolic use is fine. If not, then keep it light.”
小题1:Jane Salder would“look for their purse and pick it up”in order to see whether the purses                        .
A.contained enoughB.were worth a lot of pounds
C.were too heavyD.were too large
小题2:Which correctly explains the meaning of the underlined word“posture”in the 4th paragraph?
A.The way you position your body.
B.The part of your body where you place a weight.
C.The strength you use to carry a weight.
D.The height of the weight you carry.
小题3: None of the experts advised big bag users to             .
A.be aware of the big-bag problems
B.wear big bags in the right way
C.avoid using big bags very often
D.give up the fashion to keep fit

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All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy, happy and help them to live longer.
Sports change with the season. People play different games in winter and summer.
Games and sports often grow out of people’s work and everyday activities. The Arabs use horses or camels in much of their everyday life; they use them in their sports, too.
Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers.
Some sports or games go back to thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese boxing, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet. People are inventing new sports or games all the time.
People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game they often become good friends. Sports help to train a person’s character(性格). One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace(体面)
小题1:According to this passage we know that _____.
A.people began to play about one hundred years ago
B.about 100 years ago people ran or jumped when they played
C.basketball has a longer history than volleyball
D.not all the games have a long history
小题2:The writer didn’t tell us in this passage that _____.
A.basketball was invented in America
B.sports change with the season
C.games and sports often grow out of people’s work and everyday activities
D.football is played all over the world
小题3:People all over the world enjoy sports because _____.
A.sports are interesting
B.sports help to keep people healthy , happy and to live longer
C.sports help to train one’s character
D.all of the above
小题4:From this passage we can see that_____.
A.sports and games are unimportant things that people do
B.sports and games should be treated(对待)only as amusement(娱乐活动)
C.sports and games are only useful to the old
D.sports and games can help people understand each other.

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