A purple tomato genetically engineered to contain nutrients more commonly seen i

A purple tomato genetically engineered to contain nutrients more commonly seen i

题型:不详难度:来源:
A purple tomato genetically engineered to contain nutrients more commonly seen in dark berries helped cancer in mice, British researchers said on Sunday. The finding, published in the journal Nature Biotechnology, bolsters the idea that plants can be genetically modified(changed) to make people healthier.
Cancer-prone mice fed the modified fruit lived significantly longer than animals fed a standard diet with and without regular tomatoes, Cathie Martin and colleagues at
the government-funded John Innes Center in Britain reported. “The effect was much bigger than we had expected.” said Martin, a plant biologist.
The study focused on anthocyanins,a type of antioxidant found in berries such as blackberries and blackcurrants that have been shown to lower risk of cancer, heart diseases and some neurological diseases. While an easy way to improve health, many people don’t eat enough of these fruits, the researchers said. Using genes from the snapdragon flower, the researchers discovered they could get the tomatoes to make anthocyanins---- turning the tomato purple in the process.
Mice genetically engineered to develop cancer lived an average of 182 days when they were fed the purple tomatoes, compared to 142 days for animals on the standard diet. “It is greatly encouraging to believe that by changing diet, or specific components in the diet. You can improve health in animals and possibly humans.” Martin said in a telephone interview.
The researchers warned that trials in humans are a long way off and the next step is to investigate( look into) how the antioxidants actually affect the tumors to promote better health. But the findings do support the formal research suggesting that people can significantly improve their health by making simple changes to the daily diet, other researchers said.
“It’s exciting to see new techniques that could potentially make healthy foods even better for us.” said Doctor Lara Bennett, science information office at Cancer Research UK. “ But it is too early to say whether anthocyanins obtained through diet could help to reduce the risk of cancer.”
小题1:The text mainly tells us _________.
A.what can prevent people from having cancer.
B.Scientists have developed cancer- fighting tomato.
C.ways to live much longer have been found by scientists.
D.genetically engineered food is good for people’s health.
小题2:In the first paragraph the underlined word “ bolster” probably means _______
A.changeB.reduceC.supportD.test
小题3:Which of the following was NOT the result found in the study?
A.Blackberries and blackcurrants can lower risk of cancer.
B.The anthocyanins can make the purple tomatoes grow stronger.
C.Genes from snapdragon flowers can be put into common tomatoes.
D.Mice fed the modified fruit lived longer than the common ones.
小题4:According to Dr. Lara Bennett, the effects of anthocyanins through diet on human being________
A.are not certain now.
B.have been proved
C.are very harmful
D.are hard to be tested

答案

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:A
解析

试题分析:
小题1:主旨题:从文章第一段的句子A purple tomato genetically engineered to contain nutrients more commonly seen in dark berries helped cancer in mice,:说明科学家已经找到了对抗癌症的西红柿。选B。
小题2:猜词题:从文章的第一段的内容可以猜测出bolsters the idea是:支持这种想法。选C。
小题3:排除题:文章第三段提到A,C项,第四段提到D,项,没有B项,选B。
小题4: 推理题:从文章最后一段的句子;But it is too early to say whether anthocyanins obtained through diet could help to reduce the risk of cancer.”说明anthocyanins
通过饮食对人的影响还是不确定。选A。
点评:健康保健类文章对细节把握要求很高,还要求要求考生阅读时能抓住文章的中心。这篇文章生词较多,学生要学会猜词,有时也要学会放弃。
举一反三
The clock rules our lives. The more we try to save time, the less time we seem to have. In every area of our lives we are doing things faster. And many of us live in towns and cities which are getting noisier and more stressful as each day passes. But now a worldwide movement, whose aim is to slow life down, has started. Its supporters are people who believe that a happier and healthier way of life is possible.
The Slow Food movement was founded the day that an Italian journalist, Carlo Petrini, saw that McDonald’s had opened a restaurant in a beautiful square in Rome. He thought it was sad that many people today live too quickly to sit down for a proper meal and only eat much fast food. He decided that he had to try to do something about it and so he started the Slow Food movement. Slow Food has become a global organization ever since and now has more than 80,000 members in 100 countries.
Slow Food also encourages people to eat local and regional food, to use local shops and markets, to eat out in small family restaurants, and to cook with traditional recipes.
The idea of Slow Cities was inspired by the Slow Food movement. The aim of Slow Cities is to improve people’s quality of life. Towns which want to become a Slow City have to reduce traffic and noise, increase the number of green areas, plant trees, build pedestrian zones, and promote local businesses and traditions. Now it has spread to other countries all over the world, from the UK to Japan and Australia. There are now 135 Slow Cities in 24 countries across the world that have been named since founding of the organization in 1999. Gao Chun County, in east China’s Jiangsu Province, is expected to be named the first “Slow City” in China next year.
“Slow Cities are about having a community life in the town,” said a local resident. “It is not ‘slow’ as in ‘stupid’. It is ‘slow’ as in the opposite of ‘worried’ and ‘stressful’.”
But not everybody is happy. For teenagers, who have to go 25km to Norwich, the nearest city, to buy CDs, living in a Slow City is not very attractive. “It’s all right here,” says Lewis Cook, 16. “But if you want excitement, you have to go to Norwich. We need more things here for young people.”
小题1:What’s the aim of the Slow Food movement?
A.To call on people to eat out.
B.To make people enjoy cooking.
C.To drive McDonald’s out of Rome
D.To encourage people to slow down.
小题2:All the following are necessary to be a Slow City EXCEPT ______.
A.reducing traffic and noise
B.increasing the number of green areas
C.building more department stores
D.promoting local businesses and traditions
小题3:From the fourth paragraph, we know that ______.
A.the Slow Food was founded in 1999
B.there is no Slow City in China now
C.Slow Cities are mainly in the UK
D.there are about 24 Slow Cities in the world
小题4:What’s Lewis Cook’s attitude to living in a Slow City?
A.PositiveB.NeutralC.NegativeD.Indifferent
小题5:What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Slow down and you’ll move fast
B.Time flies never to be recalled.
C.Eat slowly and you’ll be healthy.
D.Pay attention to the quality of life.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to one"s life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.
But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures could be obtained, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33%—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.
For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Arnold E. Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”
Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not grown-ups. “The literature,” says one researcher,  Dr Earnest Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.”
小题1:The main idea of the passage is that _______.
A.breakfast has nothing to do with people"s health
B.a good breakfast used to be important to us
C.breakfast is not as important to us as gasoline to a car
D.breakfast is not as important as we thought before
小题2:For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _______.
A.several studies have been done in the past few years
B.the omission of breakfast has little effect on one’s work
C.grown-ups have especially made studies in this field
D.eating little in the morning is good for health
小题3:The underlined part “nor does giving people breakfast improve work” means  _______.
A.people without breakfast can improve their work
B.not giving people breakfast improves work
C.having breakfast does not improve work, either
D.people having breakfast do improve their work, too
小题4:The word "literature" in the last sentence refers to _______.
A.stories, poems, play, etc
B.written works on a particular subject
C.newspaper articles
D.the modern literature of America
小题5:What is implied but not stated by the author is that _______.
A.breakfast does not affect work
B.Dr Polite works at an institution of higher learning
C.not eating breakfast might affect the health of children
D.Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
A study led by Professor Mark Weiser of Tel Aviv University and the Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer Hospital has determined that young men who smoke are likely to have lower IQs than their non-smoking peers (同龄人). Tracking 18-to 21-year-old men enlisted in the Israeli army in the largest ever study of its kind, he has been able to demonstrate an important connection between the number of cigarettes young males smoke and their IQ.
The average IQ for a non-smoker was about 101, while the smokers’ average was more than seven IQ points lower, at about 94, the study determined. The IQs of young men who smoked more than a pack a day were lower still, at about 90. An IQ score in a healthy population of such young men, with no mental disorders(心理疾病), falls within the range of 84 to 116.
An addiction that doesn’t discriminate(歧视)
“In the health profession, we’ve generally thought that smokers are most likely the kind of people who have grown up in difficult neighborhoods, or who’ve been given less education at good schools,” says Weiser, whose study was reported in a recent version of the journal, Addiction, “But because our study included subjects with various socio-economic backgrounds, we’ve been able to rule out socio-economics as a major factor. The government might want to rethink how it arranges its educational resources on smoking.
Making the results more significant, the study also measured effects in twin brothers. In the case where one twin smoked, the non-smoking twin registered a higher IQ on average.
Although a lower IQ may suggest a greater risk for smoking addiction, the representing data on IQ and smoking found that most of the smokers investigated in the study had IQs within the average range, nevertheless.
In the study, researchers took data from more than 20,000 men before, during and after their time in the military. All men in the study were considered in good health, since pre-screening(筛选的)measures for suitability in the army had already been taken. The researchers found that around 28 percent of their samples smoked one or more cigarettes a day, 3 percent considered themselves ex-smokers, and 68 percent said they never smoked.
“People on the lower end of the average IQ tend to display poorer overall decision-making skills when it comes to their health,” says Weiser. He adds that his finding can help address serious concern among heath counsellors at grade and high schools.
小题1:The study led by Professor Mark Weiser shows that            .
A.the IQ of smoking males is lower than that of non-smokers
B.the IQ of smoking males is higher than that of non-smokers
C.the IQ of smoking males is the same as that of non-smokers
D.the IQ of smoking males is higher than that of female smokers
小题2:According to the passage, a smoking man’s IQ is most likely to be            .
A.101B.94 C.80D.120
小题3:What can be learned from the passage?
A.People in the military are more likely to become smokers than other people.
B.Most heavy smokers are found to have mental problems.
C.Socio-economic backgrounds have nothing to do with smoking behaviour.
D.People with lower IQs tend to be less good at controlling their addiction to smoking.
小题4:What is the meaning of the underlined part “An addiction that doesn’t discriminate”?
A.Smokers do not believe their IQ is affected by being addicted to smoking.
B.All people, no matter what their background, can become addicted to smoking.
C.Smoking is an addiction, and we must not discriminate against smokers.
D.The addiction to smoking is difficult to get rid of.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Recently, researchers in the US have carried out a study on laughing, one of the most natural characteristics of human behavior.
Jo-Anne Bachorowsky, a psychology professor at Vandebilt University, 36  a team of researchers who   37   a total of 11 short videos to 97 young adult volunteers in the US. They found that the participants produced a   38  of sounds when they laughed, 39  grunts(呼噜声) and snorts(哼声).
The researchers found that some of the   40   were dependent   41  gender(性别). Men laughed with grunts and snorts more often than women,   42  women’s   43   was more song-like.
They also found that people’s laughter could change,   44  who they were with at the time. Whether they were with a man or a woman and   45  person was a friend or a   46   both played a part in laughter.
The researchers found that women’s laughter was very high with a   47   pitch(音高) when they were with male strangers. And women taking   48   in the study laughed more often when they were with a male friend than when they were with a(n) 49   friend or a male stranger. But men laughed more freely with friends of either sex than with strangers of either sex.
Scientists believe that the   50   consumed in laughing 100 times is   51  to 15 minutes on an exercise bike. Another 52   of laughter is 53   it improves our mental health. Laughter reduces our levels of stress. It also helps us   54   serious illness.
  55  ,we think laughter can make us feel good.
小题1:
A.gotB.ledC.undertookD.worked
小题2:
A.returnedB.providedC.showedD.read
小题3:
A.partB.caseC.bitD.range
小题4:
A.includingB.containingC.havingD.possessing
小题5:
A.waysB.differencesC.studiesD.columns
小题6:
A.onB.ofC.withD.from
小题7:
A.thatB.whenC.whileD.how
小题8:
A.cryB.soundC.voiceD.laughter
小题9:
A.depending onB.to depend onC.depend onD.depended on
小题10:
A.otherB.the otherC.anotherD.others
小题11:
A.passers-byB.relativeC.strangerD.teacher
小题12:
A.sameB.similarC.variousD.changeable
小题13:
A.actionB.partC.exerciseD.duty
小题14:
A.maleB.youngC.oldD.female
小题15:
A.foodB.energyC.pressureD.memory
小题16:
A.shortB.easyC.equalD.good
小题17:
A.wayB.contentC.intentionD.benefit
小题18:
A.whyB.thatC.howD.because
小题19:
A.fightB.removeC.breakD.deal
小题20:
A.All alongB.All the sameC.In summaryD.After all

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
The Five Rules for Keeping Fit
Hi, there! I"m Grystal Collins, and I"m very happy to share some time with you. So, you want to keep fit, huh? Well, you surely came to the right place. Together we can keep fit and healthy, and succeed in doing that. It"s easy. Everybody can do it, you hear? Just remember the five golden rules.
Number one: Always wear comfortable clothes when you are exercising. You need to feel comfortable and relaxed(放松).
Number two: You should always do some warming-up exercise first to get your body ready for the real thing.
Number three: Never try to do too much exercise too soon. Take it nice and easy now, you hear? There"s no rush about this.
Number four: Don"t forget to relax for about five minutes when you"ve finished your exercise. You need to rest a little bit after you"ve been exercising.
And here is the golden rule Number five. Stop at once if you feel any pain in your neck, head or any part of your body.
小题1:The students may most probably be the people ___________.
A.who are ill
B.who want to be healthier
C.who are Crystal Collins" good friends
D.who are not interested in taking exercise
小题2:Crystal Collins may most probably say this            .
A.before the exercise starts
B.when the exercise is over
C.during the exercise
D.as soon as the exercise has started
小题3:Which of the following is NOT true?
A.You should do some warming-up exercise before the real thing.
B.You should wear comfortable clothes.
C.You should rest for a while when you are doing warming-up exercise.
D.You should stop if you feel any pain in your body.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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