Many of us believe that a person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older．Bu

题型：不详难度：来源：

Many of us believe that a person’s mind becomes less active as he grows older．But this is not true，according to Dr．Lissy F．Jarvik，professor of psychiatry(精神病学)at the University of California，Los Angeles，and a board member of the New Center for Aging at the Veterans Hospital．She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years.For example，one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old．As Dr．Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70s and 80s，their minds did not generally decline(下降)as was expected．
However，there was some decline in their psycho-motor(精神运动的)speed． This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to．But when speed was not a factor，they lost very little intellectual (智力的) ability over the years.In general，Dr．Jarvik’s studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability．This is true not only into the 30s and 40s，but into the 60s and 70s as well．
As for learning new things，and ability to remember，studies by Dr．Jarvik and others show that the old are equal to the young．It is true that older people themselves often complain that their memory is not as good as it once was．However，much of what we call“loss of memory”is not that at a11．
In the cases where the older person’s mind really seems to decline，it is not necessarilv a sign of a decay due to becoming old or“senility”．Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state．This depression usually can be got rid of by counseling(咨询)with a psychologist，or medicine which fights depression.
In American society，when an older person loses something，we tend to call him or her“senile”．But notice that when a younger person loses something，he does not blame it on senility or loss of memory．He finds some other excuse!
小题1:A long-term study of 136 pairs of twins showed that the only factor that declined over the years was .

A．mental health	B．intellectual ability
C．the amount of knowledge	D．psycho-motor speed

小题2:According to Dr．Jarvik’s studies，middle-aged and older persons should expect to .

A．reason better	B．learn fewer new things
C．remember less	D．1ose little ability to remember

小题3:The word“senility”most likely means .

A．excellent health	B．weakness in body and mind because of old age
C．occasional forgetfulness	D．giving up one’s life

小题4:Both younger and older persons should realize that .

A．a sign of a decay due to old age or“senility’’is a common thing

B．older persons are wiser than younger ones because of different knowledge amount

C．senility or mental decay due to aging is much less common than most of us believe

D．a sign of a depressed emotional state is not a reason of decay

答案

小题1:D
小题1:D
小题1:B
小题1:C

解析

小题1:由第二段第一句可知，被跟踪调查的136对双胞胎只是精神运动速度有所减慢。
小题1:从文章第二、三段可知，中老年的记忆、推理能力不会有多少衰退。
小题1:文中“senility”前的“a sign of decay due to old”即是其解释。
小题1:通读全文可知，老年智力衰退并没有我们想的那么普遍和严重。

举一反三

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
__小题1:__ Scientists and experts have proved the uniqueness of finger-prints and discovered that no exactly similar pattern is passed on from parents to children, though nobody knows why this is the cas

e.
The ridge(隆起) structure on a person’s fingers does not change with growth and is not affected by surface injuries. Burns, cuts and other damage to the outer part of the skin will be replaced in time by new one, which bears a reproduction of the original pattern. __小题2:_ Some criminals make use of this fact to remove their own finger-prints but this is a dangerous and rare step to take.
Finger-prints can be made very easily with printer’s ink. They can be recorded easily. __小题3:_ Because of the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-prints have often been used as a method of solving criminal case. A suspected man may deny a charge but this may be in vain. __小题4:_ When a suspect leaves finger-prints behind at the scene of a crime, they are difficult to detect(察觉) with the naked eye. __小题5:__ Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained.

A．Special techniques are used to “develop” them.

B．A fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all part of the finger.

C．It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be destroyed.

D．With special methods, identification can be achieved successfully within a short time.

E. A latent(潜在的) print is the chance reproduction of the friction ridges deposited on the surface of an item.
F. His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his appearance has been changed by age or accident.
G. Every human being has a unique arrangement of the skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable.

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Paragraph 1
Scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of food people need. They say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds. (2) citrus(柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal(谷类), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter.
Paragraph 2
People in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. Foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. People in different countries eat at different times of the day. In some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that none of the differences is really important. It doesn’t matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned or frozen. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is what you eat every day.
Paragraph 3
There are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on earth. The first is to find some ways to feed the world’s population so that no one is hungry.The second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy.
小题1:According to the scientists, which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch?

A．chicken, apples, cereal, cabbages	B．potatoes, carrots, rice, bread
C．oranges, bananas, fish, tomatoes	D．beef, pork, fish, milk

小题2:It is important for people to eat _______.

A．three times a day	B．dinner at twelve o’clock
C．cooked food all the day	D．something from each of the seven kinds of food every day

小题3:People in different countries and different places of the world _______.

A．has the right kinds of food to eat	B．cooks their food in the same way
C．has their meals at the same time	D．eat food in different ways

小题4:If there is Paragraph 4, what do you think is going to be talked about?

A．When people eat their lunch	B．What to do with the two problems
C．How to cook food in different ways	D．Why people eat different kinds of food

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

Psychology(心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy（疗法） seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.
The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient"s body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient"s physical problems, but the patient"s mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor"s treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton"s method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.
The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton"s psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor（肿瘤） in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient"s positive attitude fight the disease.
Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.
Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠状态）. Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient"s mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.
Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. Asthma （哮喘） is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in

breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.
Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.
Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in med

icine.
小题1:What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.

B．How modern therapy focuses on the disease.

C．Responses from the medical world.

D．How to use the mind against disease.

小题2:How does psychological therapy work?

A．The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.

B．The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient"s problems.

C．The doctor,

the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.

D．The patient uses his mind to cure himself.

小题3:What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.?
A. The medical treatment can cure the patient"s mental disease.
B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.
C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.
D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.
小题4:The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that .

A．the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it

B．the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells

C．the patients" attitudes towards themselves have changed

D．the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them

小题5:It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to .

A．help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases

B．help the patients with chronic diseases

C．help change some bad habits

D．help cure patients of insomnia（失眠症）

小题6:According to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far?

A．The value of mental therapy.

B．The effectiveness of suggestion therapy.

C．The working principle of suggestion therapy.

D．The importance of psychology in medical treatment.

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

If teens could reduce the salt they take in every day by 3,000 milligrams (mg), they would cut their risk of heart disease and stroke(中风) greatly in adulthood, researchers say.
Based on the results of a computer modeling analysis, researchers found that a 3,000 mg reduction in sodium(钠) by teenagers could reduce hypertension by 30 percent to 43 percent when they become adults.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition that may have no symptoms for years, but can eventually cause serious health conditions, including heart attack and stroke.
Other benefits over time as teens hit 50 years of age include a 7-12 percent reduction in coronary heart disease(冠心病), an 8-14 percent reduction in heart attacks, and a 5-8 percent reduction in stroke.
Fast food typically contains too much sodium. One bag of Nacho Cheese Doritos has 310 milligrams. Pizza is one of the biggest problems for teens when it comes to sodium, according to data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
“The additional benefit of lower salt intake early is that we can hopefully change the expectations of how food should taste, ideally to something slightly less salty,” says Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, the lead author of the study and associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.
“Most of the salt we eat is not from our salt shaker(盐瓶), but salt that is already added in food that we eat.” she added.
小题1:Which is a benefit of a low sodium diet according to the text?

A．No risk of heart disease.	B．Smaller chance of stroke.
C．Low blood pressure.	D．Slightly more heart attacks.

小题2:According to the text, 3,000 mg less salt intake daily will reduce hypertension by ________ in adulthood.

A．7%-12%

B．8%-14%

C．30%-43%

D．5%-8%

小题3:What does Dr Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo mean in the last two paragraphs?

A．A lower sodium diet can get teenagers used to less salty food.

B．A good eating habit can help teens have less junk food.

C．Teens should avoid pizzas and other salty foods.

D．We can add more salt from our salt shaker to the food.

小题4:Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Teens Cutting Salt for Healthier Adulthood

B．Diet and Health

C．Sodium Brings Health Concerns

D．A Cause of Hypertension

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案

A new study has been carried to test the role of story telling in lowering blood pressure．Dr．Thomas Houston,

a professor of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, led a group of scientists that investigated how pre-recorded videos of hypertension （高血压） patients" talking about their medical histories helped another group of patients with high blood pressure to control their condition over several months．
Houston was surprised by their studies that suggested that communication can be a powerful tool in medicine．They showed that those who had had similar experiences, when talking to someone with a similar background, could help change their behavior to become healthier．Hypertension is difficult to control, since it is dependent on diet, exercise and mental state．Medical treatments with drugs, and lifestyle therapies（疗法） have been relatively ineffective because people find it hard to follow those medical requirements．
In the test, his team carefully chose their story-tellers from 230 members of a patients" community with whom they could most easily relate．Next, they divided their study population into two groups．One received three interactive （互动） DVDs containing the tellers" stories of their experiences in living with and treating their hypertension．The other were given educational discs on an unrelated health topic．The study volunteers reported that they had listened to the DVDs, and after three months, those who heard the stories of the hypertensive patients lowered their blood pressure．
While the study did not address how the story-telling influenced the patients" behavior, Houston suspects that watching patients of similar backgrounds who had a similar medical experience helped to motivate them to seek medical help to their hypertension．They found that after six months the difference in blood pressure between those who watched the story-tellers and those who observed the unrelate

d videos remained, suggesting that the story-telling continued to have an effect．
小题1:We can learn from the text that the pre-recorded videos _________．

A．tell medical histories of hypertension patients

B．introduce some medical treatments of hypertension

C．introduce a good lifestyle for hypertensive patients

D．tell scientific discoveries of the scientist group

小题2:Houston was surprised to find that _______．

A．hypertension is really difficult to control

B．communication has some medical effects

C．medical treatments have

no effect at all

D．people don"t follow the medical requirements

小题3:Which of the following is true about the study?

A．The scientists chose 230 patients from a hospital．

B．Both the groups used the same videos about health topic．

C．The two groups lowered blood pressure in different degrees．

D．The story-tellers were hypertension pat

ients as well．

小题4:Which of the following could be the best title of the text?

A．The stories of some hypertension patients．

B．Medical treatments of blood pressure．

C．Storytelling may help lower blood pressure．

D．Suggestions about how to lower blood pressure．

题型：不详难度：| 查看答案