Lead poisoning (铅中毒) occurs when lead is present in high levels in the blood of a person. It is one of
the most common medical problems found in children. And it"s important to recognize the presence of lead
in children"s bodies because lead is very harmful.
Children have the tendency to go around and put things in their mouths like paint peelings. This is one
of the main causes of lead poisoning. It has also been found that children born in poor families have higher
chances of getting exposed to lead.
Some of the common symptoms of lead poisoning in children are headaches, stomach pains hair loss,
muscle weakness, and weight loss, etc.
Lead poisoning can have severe effects and can lead to heart diseases, kidney diseases and neurological
(神经系统的) problems. It can also result in mental dullness and a low I.Q. level. There have been cases
where lead poisoning proved to be terminal for children.
It"s difficult to easily recognize whether a child is affected by lead poisonig, as the symptoms of this
disease can occur due to some other medical problems. Therefore, children under the age of 6 should
regularly be checked to know the level of lead in their blood through blood tests. It"s possible to completely
cure a child with lead poisoning through treatment. Usually the oral medicine chelator (螯合剂) is given to
the children. Sometimes, children are given an injection (注射) for reducing the lead level. Children who
have very high level of lead in their blood would need treatment for a long period of time and would also be
put on a special diet.
Parents have to take certain precautions to lower the chance of lead poisoning in children. Cleaning the
house regularly and removing shoes at the door after coming in from outside will prevent the lead particles
from entering the house. Children should be put on a healthy diet, containing high proportionsnclud of
calcium and iron, such as eggs, milk, fruits, potatoes, etc., which helps to keep the lead levels in control,
in the children"s bodies.
In short, it"s a must to be cautious and careful, and protect your children from the horrible consequences
of lead poisoning.
| Lead Poisoning in Children (1)______ ● Children"s going around and putting things in their mouths. ● High chances of (2)______ lead. (3)______. Headaches, stomach pains, hair loss, muscle weakness, and weight loss, etc. Effects ● Lead to heart diseases, kidney diseases and neurological problems. ● (4)______ mental dullness and a low I.Q. level. Treatment ● Make children take the chelator or (5)______ an injection to reduce the lead level. ● Put children with a very high lead level on (6)______ (7)______ ● (8)______ regularly and remove shoes at the door after coming in from the outside. ● Let children eat healthy food which contain (9)______ of calcium and iron. (10)______ ● You must be cautious and careful to protect your children from lead poisoning. |
| Reading comprehension. |
| In meditation (冥想), people sit quietly and focus their attention on their breath. As they breathe in and out, they attend to their feelings. As thoughts go through their minds, they let them go. Breathe. Let go. Breathe. Let go. According to a recent study at the Insight Meditation Society in Barre, Massachusetts, three months of training in this kind of meditation causes a marked change in how the brain allocates attention. It appears that the ability to let go thoughts that come into mind frees the brain to attend to more rapidly changing things and events in the outside world. Expert mediators are better than other people at catching such fast-changing stimuli, like facial expressions. The study provides evidence for changes in the workings of the brain with mental training. People can learn and improve abilities of all sorts with practice, everything from driving to playing the piano. The study has shown that meditation is good for the brain. It appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of well- being. In an experiment, 17 volunteers with no meditation experience in the experimental group spent three months meditating 10 to 12 hours a day. A control group also with no meditation experience meditated for 20 minutes a day over the same period. Both groups were then given the tests with two numbers in a group of letters. As both groups looked for the numbers, their brain activity was recorded. Everyone could catch the first number. But the brain recordings showed that the less experienced mediators tended to grasp the first number and hang onto it, so they missed the second number. Those with more experience gave less attention to the first number, as if letting it go, which led to an increased ability to grasp the second number. This shows that attention can change with practice. Just ask Daniel Levision, who meditated for three months as part of the study. "I am a much better listener," he said. "I do not get lost in my own personal reaction to what people are saying." |
| 1. The underlined word "them" in Paragraph l refers to _____. |
| [ ] |
| A. thoughts B. minds C. people D. feelings |
| 2. In the experiment, volunteers doing meditation for longer hours _____. |
| [ ] |
| A. usually ignored the first number observed B. were used to memorizing numbers in groups C. were more likely to catch both of the numbers D. paid more attention to numbers than to letters |
| 3. What can we infer from the passage? |
| [ ] |
| A. Mediators are given less pressure. B. Mediators can manage their daily tasks better. C. Mediators can play the piano better. D. Mediators are good at using numbers. |
| 4. What can be concluded from the passage? |
| [ ] |
| A. Meditation improves one"s health. B. Mediators have a good sense of hearing. C. Brain activity can be recorded. D. Human attention can be trained. |
| 阅读理解。 |
| Forgiving someone who has hurt you or let you down is never an easy thing. Several new studies, however, say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably don"t think of it as being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something like anger can change your well-being. When cartoon book characters like the Incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. That"s why Professor Fred Lufkin, founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea. The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression. They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping. So it doesn"t matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important. Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it"s worth hurting yourself by staying angry with someone else. Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it"s OK. Instead, it"s a way of making peace with yourself about what happened in the past. |
| 1. The author of the passage tries to make his viewpoint clear _____. |
| [ ] |
| A. by raising his own examples B. based on his own experience C. by mentioning some studies D. by mentioning some typical patients |
| 2. The example of the cartoon book characters is taken in the passage to _____. |
| [ ] |
| A. support the viewpoint that anger and hatred harm health B. introduce a famous expert C. let the reader know the different colours of cartoon faces D. show how to control one"s temper |
| 3. The best title for this passage is probably _____. |
| [ ] |
| A. Forgiveness B. Forgiveness Is Good for Health C. A Secret to Keeping Healthy D. Anger Is Bad for Health |
| 阅读理解。 |
| Pregnancy (妊娠) and childbirth kill more than 536 000 women a year. More than half of the cases are in Africa, according to the World Health Organization. In fact, most of the deaths are preventable, with basic medical care. The five leading causes are bleeding, infection, high blood pressure, long-time labor and bad abortions (流 产). Mothers" deaths from such causes were largely reduced nearly a century ago in developed countries. Experts say that what kill many women are "the three delays"-the woman"s delay in deciding to go to the hospital, the time she loses traveling there and the hospital"s delay in starting treatment. Only about 15 percent of births have dangerous complications (并发症). Women lack education and information about birth control. Husbands and in-laws may decide where a woman gives birth and insist that she stay at home to save money. However, there is no single solution for a problem with so many factors-shortages of doctors, nurses, drugs, equipment, roads and transportation- though hospital officials are trying many things now. One stopgap measure to solve the problem for the present has been to train assistant medical officers, to perform certain operations. Some African countries are now struggling to train more assistants and midwives (接生婆), and provide places for pregnant women to stay near hospitals. But there is a long way to go. Only 20 percent of women in the continent give birth at the hospital. More than 50 percent stay at home to give birth, and the rest go to local clinics that cannot handle emergencies. |
| 1. Which is not included in the five leading causes of women"s deaths during pregnancy and childbirth? |
| [ ] |
| A. Infection B. High blood pressure. C. Traveling long distances. D. Bleeding. |
| 2. The underlined word "stopgap" here probably means "_____". |
| [ ] |
| A. final B. temporary C. effective D. instant |
| 3. What is the main idea of this passage? |
| [ ] |
| A. Most problems that cause women"s deaths during pregnancy and childbirth can be treated or prevented. B. Developed countries should help African countries reduce mothers" deaths. C. The husbands in poor countries should take responsibility for their wives" deaths. D. The governments of African countries have to take more effective measures to save pregnant women. |
| 4. What is the author"s attitude towards the future of preventing women"s deaths during pregnancy and childbirth? |
| [ ] |
| A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Objective. D. Subjective. |
| 阅读理解。 |
| Traditional rubbish collection is dirty, smelly, labor-intensive, and rubbish can pile up in basements or wooden bins. This new system does away with all that and with lots of expensive bin lorries. "Nobody sees anything happening, there"s no bins, there"s no trucks on street, there"s no boxes, there is no kids on the bikes trying to fight with dust cars going up on the street. It"s safe, it"s clean, and it"s healthy for everybody." This is how it works: you sort your rubbish into special containers in your kitchen, then take the bags to one of these. They drop down into the building"s basement. Twice a day, a powerful vacuum sucks them away to a collection centre down a single pipe. First, the food waste, then general rubbish, then stuff for recycling, like paper and cans. In the past thirty years, the system"s been equipped around the world, from Stockholm to Barcelona, Disneyland to Dubai, but never in the UK. One problem: it"s expensive. Local councils don"t pay the cost of equipment. The developer here next to Wembley Stadium, says it makes sense partly because this development is the size of a small town. "We own the entire site, the 85 acres and all the roads. And that"s the fundamental that we control the public ground. And we take a benefit of that because our public ground"s going to be great as a consequence of this system." "And this is where it ends up, the central collection centre. That great big green pipe is the outlet from the underground network and laid in all the roads around here. These great big things are essentially enormous intensive vacuum cleaner that will swirl (使旋转) the rubbish around, the air, goes off to the top. The waste goes down to the bottom and then it is shifted to one of these containers where it can be put on to a lorry and taken away." Environmentally, it"s claimed the systems are great improvement, but it has a challenge. |
| 1. Which of the followings about the new collection system is WRONG according to the passage? |
| [ ] |
| A. High price. B. Labor consumption. C. Big size. D. Good safety. |
| 2. Which is the right order when the new system works? |
| [ ] |
| A. Sort rubbish-put rubbish bags in basement-suck rubbish by a vacuum-shift to containers. B. Put rubbish bags in basement-suck rubbish by a vacuum-sort rubbish-shift to containers. C. Sort rubbish-shift to containers-suck rubbish by a vacuum-put rubbish bags in basement. D. Suck rubbish by a vacuum-sort rubbish-shift to containers-put rubbish bags in basement. |
| 3. According to the passage, the challenge of the new system is _____. |
| [ ] |
| A. to work economically B. to take up the size of a small town C. to equip itself in the UK D. to be environmentally friendly |