19世纪中后期，俄国、日本、中国先后进行了社会改革，俄国、日本先后取得了成功，而中国却以失败而告终。结合你所学的知识请分析并回答： （1）19世纪

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       19世纪中后期，俄国、日本、中国先后进行了社会改革，俄国、日本先后取得了成功，而中国却以失败而告终。结合你所学的知识请分析并回答： （1）19世纪中后期，俄国、日本、中国先后进行社会改革的名称分别是什么？                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          （2）这三次社会变革的性质是什么？各自变革的目的是什么？                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       （3）现在，我国还处在改革开放时期。从日、俄两国的改革，你能得到哪些启示？                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

答案

（1）俄国——1861年改革（废除农奴制的改革）；日本——明治维新；中国——戊戍变法（百日维新或     维新变法也可）（2）这三次改革都是资产阶级革命性质的改革；戊戍变法的目的是变法图强，挽救民族危亡；明治维新     的目的是富国强兵，发展资本主义；1861年改革的目的是缓和阶级矛盾，维护贵族、地主的利益。（3）①改革是强国之路，我们必须坚持改革开放。         ②重视发展教育，大力培养人才，尤其是创新人才的培养。          ③对外来文明应有所取舍，应做到取其精华，弃其糟粕。           ④改革是推动社会进步的动力。          ⑤引进外资，引进西方先进技术设备          ⑥倡导科技兴国，努力发展教育。（任写两点，只要言之有理，即可得分）