In most languages, a greeting is usually followed by “small talk”. Small talk me

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In most languages, a greeting is usually followed by “small talk”. Small talk means the little things we talk about at the start of a conversation.
In English-speaking countries people often make small talk about the weather: “Nice day, isn’t it?” “Terrible weather, isn’t it?” But there is something special about small talk. It must be about something which both people have the same opinion about. The purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on something. This makes meeting people easier and more comfortable. People usually agree about the weather, so it is a safe topic for small talk. But people often disagree about religion or politics so these are not suitable topics for small talk in English. The topics for small talk also depend on where the conversation is taking place. At football matches, people make small talk about the game they are watching: “Great game, isn’t it?” At bus stops, people may comment about the transport system: “The bus service is terrible, isn’t it?”
Greetings and small talk are an important part of conversation in any language. The way people great each and the things they talk about, however, may be different from one language to another. This shows that there is much more to learn when we learn a language than just the vocabulary and the grammar of the language. We also have to learn the social behavior of the people who speak it.
小题1:Small talk ___.

A．is a kind of conversation with short words

B．is a greeting when people meet each other

C．is to let people disagree about something

D．is something we talk about to start a conversation

小题2:The best topic of small talk is about ___.

A．the weather

B．politics

C．Games

D．languages

小题3:The passage suggests that when we learn a language ___.

A．we should learn about the transport system of the country

B．we should only master the grammar and vocabulary

C．we should know the culture about the country

D．we should grasp the importance of the language

小题4:When we say “Great game, isn’t it?” we in fact___.

A．ask a question	B．have a conversation
C．greet each other	D．begin a small talk

小题5:What we learn from the passage is that ___.

A．different language has different grammar

B．small talk is an important part in a language

C．small talk depends on the purpose of the conversation

D．in English-speaking countries we should talk about the weather.

答案

小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:B

解析

小题1:本文的第一段提到小对话指的是在对话开始时谈论的小事情，故本题选D。
小题2:本文第二段第一句提到在说英语的国家经常谈论的小对话是天气，故小对话的最佳话题是天气，故本题选A。
小题3:本文的最后一句提到我们学习语言不仅仅要学习语法和词汇，我们也要学会说此语言人的社会行为，也就是要学习语言的文化差异，故本题选C。
小题4:本文的第二段提到小对话也取决于你所处的位置，在足球比赛场上人们谈论的小对话通常是比赛的情况，故本题选D。
小题5:本文的第三段第一句提到小对话在任何语言中都是对话的一个重要部分，故本题选B。

举一反三

Biodiversity(生物多样性), or biological diversity, is a wide-ranging concept that covers all the different kinds of plant and animal species present on earth. Environmentalists believe that many millions of species exist. As all these living organisms are dependent on each other in some way, biodiversity is desirable. Any loss to the planet is actually a loss for mankind as well, and it is our responsibility to try and save Earth’s biodiversity.
Biodiversity has a vital role to play in the evolution（演变）of species. Species become extinct, but new species evolve, and this is how a balance is maintained. This may sound pretty simple, but it takes millions of years for changes to take place.
Biodiversity is also very important to the stability of food webs. Damage to them can mean disaster for an entire ecosystem. The extinction of a single animal species can put huge pressure on the numerous other species dependent on it.
Biodiversity also has an important role to play in human society. Apart from being the most intelligent species on earth, human beings are also the most dependent. We depend on nature to meet our basic needs. When we change the balance of nature to create our cities and bring about our technical advances, we knowing or unknowing cause great damage to the ecosystem. This must be understood, and the damages must be reversed（颠倒）in any way they can to ensure that the balance of the ecosystem is maintained.
小题1:We learn from the first paragraph that_________.
A biodiversity can be seen
B all living species are found on earth.
C people everywhere are aware of the importance of biodiversity
D the loss of any species can affect humans
小题2:Why can change in food webs lead to disaster?
A Because it can make people suffer from disease
B Because it can put huge pressure on some species
C Because it takes a long time for such changes to take place
D Because it will damage ninety-nine percent of species
小题3:What does the underlined word probably mean?
A 画线 B Peace C Strength D Variety
小题4:We learn from the last paragraph that __________.
A humans are as independent as they are intelligent
B the balance of the ecosystem is easily maintained
C nature has given us a lot
D nature is taking revenge on us
小题5:Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?
A Food Webs are Closely Related to Biodiversity.
B Biodiversity Plays a Very Important Role in Evolution
C How Biodiversity Affects Human Society.
D Understanding Biodiversity and Its Importance.

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Everyone has got two personalities（性格）-the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, people frequently change their positions. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don’t like to displease people. So you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t quite sure of yourself.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset. You always stick to your own opinions or judgment, but you don’t raise your hopes too much. You usually live for today not tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up（蜷缩）, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often defensive. You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You’re easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well—balanced（平衡的） personality. You know your strengths and weakness. You’re usually careful. You believe in yourself. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don’t often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry
小题1:You may find the passage in       .
A. a science magazine            B A guide book
C. a sports newspaper            D. a story book
小题2:When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?

A．In the daytime	B．At the beginning of sleep
C．At night	D．During the deep sleep

小题3:Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends. She probably goes to sleep .

A．on curled up

B．on her stomach

C．on her back

D．on her side

小题4:What does the word “defensive” mean in the passage?

A．易怒的

B．攻击性的

C．外向的

D．有戒心的

小题5:What does the passage tell us?
Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping
Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.
Sleeping positions show people’s secret personalities.
Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.

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Choose the words or expressions to complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语，完成短文)
For many years the United States and the other countries used gold and silver as money. Paper money was used to stand for the holdings(储备)of both gold and silver. The value of silver was limited to that of gold. Fifteen ounces(盎司) of silver had the same value of one ounce of gold. These values did not change until after 1860 when mines(银矿)in the west of the United States began to 1 large amounts of silver. This extra amount of silver caused the price of silver to 2 . Then fifteen ounces of silver would no longer buy one ounce of gold. In 1871 Germany declared(宣布)that it would not support its paper money with silver any more. Instead, it would use only gold. Other countries of Europe quickly 3 the same. The United States passed a law in 1973 that prevented the government from using silver as money. Western silver producers protested(抗议)loudly and put much pressure on the 4 makers. Five years later a new law was 5 . It said that the government must buy four and half million ounces of silver each month. The new law increased the amount of silver money. The country had two kinds of quite different views on the issue(发行)silver money. Businessmen, bankers and other rich men wanted to 6 the use of silver money because it made the dollar less valuable. But farmers, laborers and the others who owned the money not only wanted silver money but also wanted an unlimited supply of it.

小题1:

A．produce

B．find

C．search

D．dig

小题2:

A．rise

B．lift

C．fall

D．set

小题3:

A．did

B．took

C．made

D．acted.

小题4:

A．law

B．money

C．gold

D．silver

小题5:

A．refused

B．accepted

C．planned

D．passed

小题6:

A．end

B． continue

C．protect

D．allow

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The Xin’an Street Community(社区)began three programs not long ago.
The Neighborhood Clean-up Program
Every Sunday at 5:00pm, the neighbors begin cleaning Xin’an Street from one end to the other. The head of the Community, Zhao Fuqin, said, “The first Sunday, only eleven people came, but we picked up over seven big bags of rubbish (垃圾)from the sidewalk and street. The next weekend, twenty people came, and filled eight rubbish bags. Now the neighborhood really looks great!”
The Neighborhood Watch Program
The neighbors on Xin’an Street began this program to look for problems in the neighborhood and to call the police if necessary. The neighbors all say the watch has already helped.
SunYan, aged 60, a retired teacher, said, “In the past, I felt afraid at night. Now I know my neighbors are watching for trouble. ” According to the police, there are fewer problems on Xin’an Street. “Calls to 110 went down last month. Criminals knew that the people on Xin’an Street were watching, so they stayed away,” said a policeman.
The Neighborhood Fitness Program
A Health Club was built last month, where the neighbors can do different kinds of sports like basketball, ping-pong ball, tennis, etc. “Every morning you can see groups of neighbors running, dancing and playing Taijiquan. We have come to realize the importance of taking exercise,” said Chen Jinliang, a businessman of 45.
The community has more plans. “We plan to start the Kids Care Program for children. We are going to build an after-school club. And we want to have a picnic for everyone in the neighborhood!” said Zhao Fuqin.
小题1:When do the neighbors of the Clean-up Program clean Xin’an Street?

A．Every Saturday morning.

B．Every Saturday afternoon.

C．Every Sunday morning.

D．Every Sunday afternoon.

小题2:Who is Zhao Fuqin?

A．A retired teacher.

B．The head of Xin’an Street Community.

C．A businessman.

D．A policeman.

小题3:What does the underlined word “criminals” mean?

A．罪犯.

B．乞丐.

C．强盗.

D．邻居.

小题4:The community started _______ to help people keep healthy.

A．the Clean-up Program

B．the Watch Program

C．the Fitness Program

D．the Kids Care Program

小题5:From the passage we know that _______ in the Xin’an Street Community.

A．there are no problems now

B．an after-school club was built last month

C．the neighbors have a picnic every Sunday

D．the environment is getting nicer and cleaner now

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Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)
Newcastle is beginning to draw tourists from all corners of Europe. It’s one of the fastest developing cities in the United Kingdom. It is said most visitors come here to see the famous soccer team play. The mood of the locals is often changed by the success or failures of the local team.
Newcastle’s most popular place is the Gate. It’s in the center of the city and has many attractions including bars, restaurants, sports bars, pubs and so on. During a home game it becomes a real home to happiness.
Culture and local history lovers can make their dreams come true by taking one of the local city tour buses. They come and leave every few minutes and stop at all the important historical sites in the city. Also the seats and the environment on the buses are comfortable. It’s the best way to see the city without tiring yourself out or getting cold. Places such as the Hancock Museum and Millennium Bridge are must-see attractions. But be careful if you’re short of time, Newcastle is a big place. So you should be prepared to kill a few hours on one of these buses.
If you want to watch the local team play soccer in the St. James Park, remember to book a ticket as early as possible. The locals are crazy soccer fans, and you’ll find it hard to get a ticket if you don’t wait in the queue early.
As you can see, Newcastle is a fantastic city with so much to be offered and so many things to see. You’re sure to have a wonderful time here!
小题1:From the passage we know Newcastle is most famous for its_______.

A．soccer team

B．city restaurants

C．rich culture

D．historical sites

小题2:If you want to learn about the history and culture of Newcastle, you_____.

A．can go to the Gate	B．can take a city tour
C．must go to St James Park	D．must drive a car

小题3:The underlined word “They” in Para 3 refers to ______.

A．history lovers	B．historical sites
C．city tour buses	D．culture lovers

小题4:Which place is not in Newcastle? ______

A．St. James Park	B．The Hancock Museum
C．the Gate	D．the Tower Bridge

小题5:What can we learn from the passage?

A．Tourists will enjoy delicious food and have a good time in the Gate.

B．It’s usually easy to get a ticket for a local soccer team play.

C．Many world famous soccer matches are held in Newcastle every year.

D．Newcastle is a very small city with many famous attractions.

小题6:The author wrote this passage mainly in order to_______.

A．introduce the culture and history of Newcastle

B．tell people the popularity of soccer teams in Newcastle

C．introduce the characters of people in Newcastle

D．encourage people to visit Newcastle

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