认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸相应题号的横线上。Mirriam We
题型：不详难度：来源：
认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸相应题号的横线上。
Mirriam Websters online dictionary defines happy as: enjoying good health and satisfaction. Sounds nice, doesn’t it? I know a secret that can lead to happiness. Now you may ask, what secret is that? It’s a well-known secret, in fact. Perform a random(随意的) act of kindness per day.
Positive psychology is the scientific study of the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to grow. According to University of Pennsylvania’s website, positive psychology has three central concerns: positive emotions, positive individual character, and positive systems. Understanding positive emotion includes the study of satisfaction with the past, happiness at present, and hope for the future. Understanding positive individual character consists of the study of the strengths and virtues, such as love, courage, creativity, curiosity, self-knowledge, self-control, and wisdom. Understanding positive systems needs the study of meaning and purpose as well as the strengths that help the growth of better communities, such as responsibility, leadership, teamwork, purpose, and tolerance(忍耐力).
Positive psychology focuses on strengths as well as weaknesses, on building the best things in life as well as repairing the worst. It asserts(断言) that human goodness and excellence is just as real as sadness and illness, and that life consists more than seeking the answers to problems. All these things can be summed up in one concept: giving can equal a meaningful life, i.e. happiness.
But you are probably wondering how. Well, let’s examine the research, shall we? A 1996 study showed that wealth is only weakly related to happiness both within and across nations, particularly when income is above the poverty level. So money does not mean happiness. In 2000, a different study showed that activities that make people happy in some way—such as shopping, good food and making money—do not lead to satisfaction in the long term, indicating that these have quick diminishing returns(收益递减).
However, on the other hand, we also know that people who witness others perform good deeds experience an emotion which drives them to perform their own good deeds. Making a contribution to the lives of other people may help to extend our own lives.
This is why I make a point of trying to do something nice every day. Sometimes I tip much larger than I need to. Sometimes I just smile at someone who looks like they really need it. A random act of kindness is an act that receives just as much as it gives. You’ll be happier. They’ll be happier. And you’ll live longer. So, please, perform a random act of kindness each day.
Title
| Happiness and kindness
| The 小题1: ______ of happiness
| Being healthy and 小题2:_____.
| The 小题3:_____ to happiness
| Performing a random act of kindness per day
| Positive psychology behind happiness
| The three central concerns:
Positive emotion is the positive attitude toward the present, the past and the future.
Positive character is the小题4:_______ and virtues in one.
Positive system is what helps better communities 小题5:_______.
| The focus of positive psychology:
It attaches much importance to building the strengths and repairing weaknesses.
Life is more than 小题6:_______ problems.
A meaningful life lies in 小题7:______.
| The results of a study
| Wealth is only related to happiness in a(n) 小题8:______ way.
Some activities only bring happiness for a 小题9:_____ time.
| The influence
| Good deeds can bring people an emotion to do the 小题10:_____ and make them live longer.
I will do something nice every day such as giving a larger tip and smiling at whoever needs it.
|
|
答案
小题1:definition/meaning
小题1:satisfied
小题1:secret/key
小题1:strengths
小题1: grow/develop
小题1: solving
小题1:giving
小题1:weak
小题1:short
小题1:same |
解析
小题1:词性转化题：从第一段的句子：Mirriam Websters online dictionary defines happy as: enjoying good health and satisfaction. 可知把define改成definition或meaning
小题1:词性转化题：从第一段的句子：Mirriam Websters online dictionary defines happy as: enjoying good health and satisfaction. 可知把satisfaction改成satisfied
小题1:原词重现：从第一段的句子：I know a secret that can lead to happiness. 可知填secret/key
小题1:原词重现：从第二段的句子：Understanding positive individual character consists of the study of the strengths and virtues, 可知填strengths
小题1:词性转化题：从第二段的句子：Understanding positive systems needs the study of meaning and purpose as well as the strengths that help the growth of better communities, 可知填grow/develop
小题1:信息转化题：从第三段的句子： that life consists more than seeking the answers to problems.可知答案是solving
小题1:原词重现：从第三段的句子：giving can equal a meaningful life, i.e. happiness.可知填 giving
小题1:词性转化题：从第四段的句子：A 1996 study showed that wealth is only weakly related to happiness both within and across nations,可知填weak
小题1:信息转化题：从第四段的句子：do not lead to satisfaction in the long term, 可知填short
小题1:信息转化题：从第五段的句子：A random act of kindness is an act that receives just as much as it gives. 可知填same |
举一反三
用所给动词的适当形式填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
小题1:The TV series was so interesting that neither of them felt like _______ (go) to sleep.
小题2:The brave soldiers were determined to save all the people ________ (trap) in the burning building.
小题3:I want to leave now; I can’t stand _____________(do) nothing useful here.
小题4:The boy pretended ___________ (study) when his mother came in.
小题5:The poster was revised _____________ (base)on the suggestions of other group members.
小题6:__________(ask) around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.
小题7:The boy was naughty but he always avoided _________(catch) so the teacher thought I was good.
小题8:______ (ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
小题9:The old man is badly ill and he needs ___________(take) to hospital at once.
小题10:The problem __________(discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is about the preservation of local cultural heritage. |
任务型阅读（共10题；每题1分，满分10分）
There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education. Some students do badly in traditional classrooms. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules.
But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem of getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of students. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their school.
You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want and need to have some rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to.
Title: Open 1._____________
Definition
| Open education is a way of teaching which allows students to learn what they are 2.___________ in without many rules.
| 4.__________
| ◆Open education enables students to realize they are learning for
3. ___________, not for others.
◆In open classrooms, many students don’t need to be afraid of grades or rules.
◆Some students find 5. ________ happiness in open classrooms compared with traditional classrooms.
| Disadvantages
| ◆Many students cannot prove themselves as good in open classrooms as in traditional classrooms.
◆There are so many 6. _________ for students to make that they can’t use open education properly.
◆Some teachers are not in 7. _________ of such way of teaching.
| The writer’s
8. __________
to open education
| ◆Open education is just theoretical, but in a 9._________ class or school it is not so good.
◆10. _________ of the students want some structure in their classes.
|
|
A night in a hotel in Shanghai costs ______ a week in some faraway cities.| A．as much as three times | B．three times the price of | | C．the three times price of | D．as much three times as |
|
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to offend them because they have a talent for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. ‘It’s unfair,’ they say, ‘that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays…’
The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods comes largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway rules while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of disasters.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not survive without this source of revenue(收益). The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a greatly useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch, match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘agony’ column（读者来信专栏）. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!
Topic
| Advertising or not?
| 1 of criticism
| having a talent for self-promotion
2 so much money
making the price of goods 3
| With ads
| Consumer goods are not so 4 .
People 5 a great deal of knowledge from ads.
Ads provide us with some 6 to new products or remind us of the old ones.
A cheerful, witty ad makes our life more 7 .
| Without ads
| Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could hardly 8 .
We pay 9 for our daily paper or cannot enjoy so many broadcast programmes.
It will not be so 10 if people want to find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death.
|
|
认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸相应题号的横线上。
Cheating is common in various kinds of exams in college. Students don’t feel shame to cheat in exams. They know that if caught cheating in an exam, the punishment will not be serious. This leads to frequent cheating in exams.
At the University of Nevada, after students photographed test questions with their cellphone cameras, transmitted them to classmates outside the exam room and got the answers back in text messages, the university put in place a new monitoring system.
With their electronic tools, students these days find it easier to cheat. So college officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse, trying to gain an advantage over would-be cheats this exam season with a range of strategies—cutting off Internet access from laptops, or demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests.
Mr. Dapremont said technology had made cheating easier, but added that plagiarism（剽窃）in writing papers was probably a bigger problem because students can easily lift other people’s writings off the Internet.
Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of an attitude, not the tool at hand. Pressure to succeed sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn’t do. Students today feel more pressure to do well in order to graduate from school and secure a job.
Whatever the reasons for cheating, college officials say the battle against it is wearing them out. First, people who cheat in exams will lose interest in studying. Second, they believe studying isn’t meaningful. Even though they don’t do anything, they can still pass. Third, people who cheat in exams will influence others. Plenty of hardworking people will see that their results are lower than people who cheat in exams. Thus, we must prevent cheating in exams. We reduce the opportunities for cheating in exams.
The vast majority of Americans still believe that honesty is an important part of the American character. For that reason, there are numerous watchdog committees at all level of society. Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could that because we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?
Many educators feel that as students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities, they are less likely to cheat. Surprisingly, some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating—a person may feel “ they don’t trust me anyway”, and be tempted to “ beat the system”. Distrust can be contagious（可传染的）. But, so can trust.
Title: Cheating in exams in college
Facts
| ◇ Cheating in exams is common in college.
◇ Students don’t take cheating in exams as 1 behaviour.
| Means of cheating and plagiarism
| ◇ Use 2 .
◇ Surf the Internet.
| 3 for cheating
| ◇ Cheats are not 4 seriously.
◇ The latest technology makes it 5 for students to cheat.
◇ Heavy pressure makes students want to do well so as to ensure 56 and a job.
| 7 of cheating
| ◇ People will become 8 in studying.
◇ People will believe studying doesn’t make 9 .
◇ People cheating in exams will influence others negatively.
| Solution
| Educators and students should 10 each other.
|
|
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