William Henry Bragg was born at Westward，Cumberland，on July 2,1862.He was educat
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William Henry Bragg was born at Westward，Cumberland，on July 2,1862.He was educated at Market Harboroagh Grammar School and afterwards at King William’s College，Isle of Man.Elected as a minor scholar of Trinity College，Cambridge，in 1881，he studied mathematics under the wellknown teacher，Dr E．J.Routh.He studied physics in the Cavendish Laboratory during a part of 1885，and at the end of that year he was elected to the Professorship of Mathematics and Physics in the University of Adelaide，South Australia.
His research interests dealt with a great many fields and he was skilled at picking up a subject，almost casually，making an important contribution，and then dropping it again.However，the work of Bragg and his son Lawrence in 1913～1914 founded a new branch of science of the greatest importance and significance，the analysis of the crystal structure by means of Xrays.It is true that the use of Xrays as an instrument for the systematic revelation of the way in which crystals are built was entirely due to the Braggs.This was recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize jointly to father and son in 1915.
He was an honorary Doctor of some sixteen universities，and a member of the leading foreign societies.Many other medals and awards were bestowed upon him among which may be mentioned the Rumford Medal in 1916 and the Copley Medal (its premier award) in 1930.
He was the author of many books，including Studies in Radioactivity，XRays and Crystal Structure，The World of Sound，Concerning the Nature of Things，Old Trades and New Knowledge，An Introduction to Crystal Analysis，and The Universe of Light.His favorite hobby was golf.After a life of astonishing productiveness，Sir William Bragg died on March 10,1942.
小题1:William Henry Bragg was awarded the Nobel Prize because________.| A．he succeeded in using Xrays to find out the crystal structure | | B．he was the first to use Xrays to help to do his experiment | | C．he determined to learn everything well and then gave them up | | D．he was successful in his research work with the help of his son |
小题2:According to this passage，William Henry Bragg was interested in all the subjects EXCEPT________.| A．mathematics | B．physics | | C．medicine | D．sports |
小题3:Which one of the following is TRUE according to this passage?| A．Bragg became a professor in the University of Adelaide in 1885. | | B．Bragg won the Rumford Medal and the Copley Medal in the same year. | | C．Bragg gained great achievements in many fields，including society. | | D．Bragg and Lawrence wrote the book XRays and Crystal Structure. |
小题4:Which of the following is the best title for this passage?| A．William Henry Bragg’s Productive Life | | B．William Henry Bragg：A Famous Author | | C．Bragg and His Son—Two Great Scientists | | D．Xrays and the Crystal Structure |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:A |
解析
小题1: A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，Bragg和他的儿子用X光成功地发现了水晶的结构，这正是他被授予诺贝尔奖的原因。
小题2: C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中提到的他对数学的学习、第二段中他对晶体结构的研究和最后一段中他喜欢打高尔夫球可知，他对数学、物理和体育都有一定的兴趣。文中并没提及他对医药感兴趣。
小题3: A
解析 细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句可知，Bragg在1885年成为了阿德莱德大学的一名教授，故A项正确。
小题4: A
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了William Henry Bragg富有成果、多产的一生。 |
举一反三
About a year ago，if you had asked who Dinara Safina was，the answer would have been，“She is Marat Safin’s younger sister.” She was overshadowed by her wonder brother.But now she has made a name for herself：the world No.1 player in women’s tennis.
The 22yearold Russian overtook Serena Williams of the US for top ranking on April 20.“Before，every place I go，I am Marat’s sister.Nothing else，”she told New York Times.“I always wanted to be myself，and now finally the results come，and people can know me as Dinara Safina.”
Safina has made it to two great event finals，in the 2008 French and in the 2009 Australian Open，and won a silver medal in the Beijing Olympic Games.
Clearly，family isn’t the only connection Safina and her brother share.Their DNA burns with competitive fire.Safin has held the distinction for years of being a hottempered player on court.When he lost his temper，he would smash a racket (球拍)．Safina is as emotionally explosive as her brother.A headline in the newspaper The Australian once described her as “mad as a snake”．The Sydney Morning Herald，during the Australian Open，summed up Safina’s volatile (不稳定的) emotional state with the headline—Safina goes from basket case to top of the world.
It’s not rare for a family to have two top tennis players.Safina’s father owns a tennis academy and her mother worked as a coach.“I had no choice but to become a tennis player，but I don’t mind being a tennis player，” Safina said.
From this talented family she is also given one of her best weapons on court，her size.She is 1.82 meters tall and weighs 70kg.But it is hard work that led her to her recent success.
“I hope to prove to everyone over the coming months that I deserve the honor of being world No.1，”she said.
小题1:What is the passage mainly about?| A．How Safina came first in women’s tennis. | | B．How the parents taught Safina to play tennis. | | C．How her brother helped Safina play tennis. | | D．How Safina beat her brother in playing tennis. |
小题2:Which one of the following doesn’t contribute to Safina’s success?| A．Her hard work and strong competitiveness. | | B．Her emotional explosion and volatile emotional state. | | C．The fact that she is 1.82 meters tall and weighs 70kg. | | D．The fact that her parents are both good tennis players. |
小题3:Which of the following statements is TRUE?| A．Serena Williams was topped by Safina on ranking list on April 20. | | B．Dinara Safina was always very confident and eager to succeed. | | C．Safina was eager to become a tennis player when she was a child. | | D．Marat Safin won the two finals，in the 2008 French and in the 2009 Australian Open. |
小题4:What can we infer from the headline “Safina goes from basket case to top of the world”？| A．Safina wanted to top the world in tennis when she was a baby in a basket. | | B．After she won the Australian Open，Dinara Safina cried. | | C．Too nervous at first，Safina finally gained confidence and won. | | D．Safina learnt from the basket case and finally came top of the world. |
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Our children grew up on jelly(果酱) sandwiches.Even my husband and I sometimes have one late at night with a glass of milk.
I wasn’t the jelly maker in this ____.My motherinlaw was.The only contribution I made to the jelly making was to ____ baby food jars，which my motherinlaw would ___ with the tasty gel(胶滞体) and send back home with us.For the past 22 years，____ I wanted to make a jelly sandwich，all I had to do was ____ one of those little jars of jelly.Jelly making was just a way of life for my motherinlaw.She always followed the same ____—from picking the fruit to setting the ____ jelly on the homemade shelves.
My motherinlaw passed away last December.Among the things in the house to be ____ by her children were the ____ canned goods.Each of her children chose from the many jars of tomato juice，green beans and jelly.When my husband ____ his jars home，we carefully put them away in our kitchen.
The other day I reached the kitchen for some jelly，and there it was.Sitting all ____ on the far side of the shelf was a small jar.The lid was rusty.As I picked up the jar，I suddenly realized something that I had ____ to see earlier.Yes，this was the ____ jar we would ever have from the patient，____ hands of my motherinlaw.It seemed like such a ____ thing，and most days it was something that was taken for granted.But today it seemed a valuable ____.I put the jelly back on the shelf.
We have many things that ____ belonged to my motherinlaw.These are the kinds of things that we expect to pass on to our children.But I’m just not ____ to give up this last jelly jar，and all the ___ its presence allows me to hold onto.The jar of jelly won’t keep that ____.It will either have to be eaten or thrown out...but not today.
| 小题1: | | A．market | B．village | | C．family | D．group |
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| 小题2: | | A．save | B．throw | | C．choose | D．paint |
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| 小题3: | | A．cover | B．fill | | C．provide | D．decorate |
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| 小题4: | | A．before | B．whenever | | C．though | D．since |
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| 小题5: | | A．turn on | B．take up | | C．pick out | D．reach for |
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| 小题6: | | A．example | B．routine | | C．passion | D．rule |
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| 小题7: | | A．mixed | B．changed | | C．finished | D．boiled |
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| 小题8: | | A．destroyed | B．moved | | C．donated | D．divided |
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| 小题9: | | A．tasty | B．expensive | | C．common | D．suitable |
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| 小题10: | | A．brought | B．packed | | C．sent | D．left |
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| 小题11: | | A．alone | B．patiently | | C．worriedly | D．along |
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| 小题12: | | A．forgotten | B．expressed | | C．considered | D．failed |
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| 小题13: | | A．last | B．particular | | C．delicious | D．large |
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| 小题14: | | A．poor | B．painful | | C．loving | D．shaking |
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| 小题15: | | A．small | B．new | | C．strange | D．good |
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| 小题16: | | A．experience | B．treasure | | C．opportunity | D．prize |
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| 小题17: | | A．already | B．only | | C．once | D．still |
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| 小题18: | | A．afraid | B．eager | | C．ready | D．upset |
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| 小题19: | | A．lessons | B．memories | | C．efforts | D．feelings |
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| 小题20: | | A．safe | B．light | | C．soft | D．long |
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One day I was doing a big cleanup when I ____ a knotted handkerchief with an old dark brown coin inside.I took one look and immediately ___ a forgettable time.
In 1991，I had spent five months in Niger，with sandstorms and great heat.Its ____ and beggars were my biggest and most constant complaint.Street beggars would continually reached out their hands，shouting “Gift！Gift！”
One day，I ___ for neighboring Burkina to work in a health clinic.
Arriving by taxi at our destination in Burkina，we began to ____.Out of the darkness，a motorbike with two men approached slowly.Without ____，one of the men grabbed my daypack as the motorbike swept close by.Within seconds，the two were out of sight，____ up by the night.
The bag had my passport，money，traveler’s cheques，camera，an airline ticket and other things ___ to me.I was in deep trouble.
In the weeks that followed，I ____guarded the rest of my valuables and regarded all ____ with suspicion.All I wanted was to leave this place.
Then，walking through Burkina’s streets，I met with an old woman.“Gift！Gift！” she cried.I’d had enough.I was ____ of the country：its poverty，its thieves，the heat，and the dust.I told her angrily，“A thief stole all my money and now I can’t ____ out of your country.I cannot give you anything.”
The beggar woman listened attentively and ___ my words.Then she reached ____ the folds of her dress.
“Then I will give you a gift，”she announced.Kindly，she placed an old，dark brown coin in my hand.I looked at it in ____.It was a very small amount of money but for this woman，the coin ___ a meal.At that moment，I felt a shame.In spite of the ____，she was able to give me something priceless.
I saw then the ____ beauty of the people of Burkina—and appreciated deeply the quiet ____ of the poor.With the old woman’s gift，I hope never to part with the coin she gave me.With one small coin，she ____ my concept completely.
| 小题1: | | A．cared about | B．came across | | C．looked for | D．focused upon |
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| 小题2: | | A．presented | B．gave | | C．recalled | D．reminded |
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| 小题3: | | A．traffic | B．dust | | C．noise | D．climate |
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| 小题4: | | A．headed | B．made | | C．stood | D．came |
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| 小题5: | | A．move | B．unload | | C．hide | D．pass |
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| 小题6: | | A．warning | B．planning | | C．thinking | D．arranging |
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| 小题7: | | A．hung | B．put | | C．swallowed | D．cleared |
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| 小题8: | | A．obvious | B．expensive | | C．familiar | D．precious |
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| 小题9: | | A．elegantly | B．cautiously | | C．dependently | D．frequently |
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| 小题10: | | A．locals | B．thieves | | C．beggars | D．motorbikes |
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| 小题11: | | A．proud | B．conscious | | C．sick | D．aware |
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| 小题13: | | A．attended to | B．looked up | | C．thought about | D．wrote down |
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| 小题15: | | A．order | B．vain | | C．case | D．shock |
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| 小题16: | | A．meant | B．made | | C．served | D．suggested |
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| 小题17: | | A．dirtiness | B．poverty | | C．kindness | D．safety |
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| 小题18: | | A．updated | B．unfolded | | C．broken | D．unexpected |
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| 小题19: | | A．moment | B．action | | C．dignity | D．life |
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| 小题20: | | A．changed | B．damaged | | C．found | D．accepted |
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Janice Fialka showed a new documentary (纪录片) about her cognitively (认知地) disabled son at schools and seminars across the country.Everyone seemed to enjoy it，but one comment from a teacher proved her family’s investment to Fialka was a success.
“In Baltimore an early childhood teacher came up and said，‘I have to apologize to the family of a 4year old with Down Syndrome (先天愚型)，’”Fialka said.“She said，‘I told them to be more realistic about their dreams for him.Now I have to tell them I’m sorry.’”
The story of Micah FialkaFeldman，a 22yearold Oakland University student，is meant to show parents，educators and the disabled anything is possible.
FialkaFeldman wrote in an essay titled “I wanted to go to college and my dream came true”．A lot of people didn’t think he could go to college，but because family and friends believed in him he learned how to take public transportation to campus and found teachers who helped him pick the best classes.
The title of the film Through the Same Door came from a day when FialkaFeldman，who was enrolled in a first grade special education program，told his parents he wanted to walk through the same door as the rest of the kids at his school.It led him to becoming the first student with cognitive disabilities in mainstream classrooms in Berkley.
Though he can’t read or write on his own，FialkaFeldman reached amazing heights with the help of voice recognition computer software，tutors，and the embrace (接受) of his community.
At Berkley High School，FialkaFeldman won the Social Studies Department Award for civic (公民的) involvement.In 2004 he received the Michigan “Yes，I Can” award for selfadvocacy (自强)．
He finished high school in 2003 with a certificate of attendance，took a 10day trip through Israel with friends last year，and enrolled at Oakland University through the Transitions Program，which is geared (使适合于) to help the disabled go from high school to college.
Fialka said he’s the happiest kid in the world.Everyone should be so happy.
小题1:What would be the best title for the passage?| A．Disabled Man Living His Dream | | B．Nothing Is Impossible | | C．Don’t Look Down Upon the Disabled | | D．Through the Same Door |
小题2:What the early childhood teacher said suggests that________.| A．disabled people should be realistic about their dreams | | B．she used to believe we should not expect much from disabled people | | C．she hadn’t given the 4year old with Down Syndrome enough attention | | D．the documentary about FialkaFeldman encouraged the disabled |
小题3:Which of the following is NOT true about FialkaFeldman?| A．He was the first cognitively disabled student in mainstream classrooms in Berkley. | | B．He went to school by public transportation and was helped to pick up classes. | | C．He benefited from computer software and other people. | | D．He received the “Yes，I Can” award for civic involvement and selfadvocacy |
小题4:Which of the following shows the correct order of events of FialkaFeldman?
a．He received the Michigan “Yes，I Can” award.
b．His documentary was shown and welcomed.
c．He was enrolled in a first grade special education program.
d．He finished high school with a certificate of attendance.
e．He enrolled at Oakland University through the Transitions Program.| A．acdeb | B．bacde | | C．cdeab | D．cdbea |
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I have two really good friends，Nancy and Richard.They both believe in the ____ of positive thinking.However，though their personalities are ____，they are totally different in other areas of their lives.The biggest differences are their ___，career choice，and way of life.
Love and concern ___ Nancy’s childhood.She，along with her younger sister，was ____ by her mother and father.Nancy’s parents were __6__ in her schoolwork，making her excellent at school.On the other hand，Richard’s childhood lacked love.His parents __ him up to his grandparents when they failed to take care of him ____.His grandmother took care of him for most of his growing up years.___，since his sister did not live with him，he never really got to ____ her.
Another difference is their career choice.Nancy has always been a ____ and made a choice to work in a variety of different ____ settings：doctor’s offices，hospitals，nursing homes and a visiting nurse.Her ____ part was working with pediatrics(小儿科)．However，Richard ____ to work in the business world.He prefers to work with ____ rather than with people.
A third difference is their ____.Nancy is always on the go.She goes to yard sales，out to eat，and enjoys nature.She is ____；has five children，thirteen grandchildren，several greatgrandchildren.____，Richard likes to stay home and do things alone.He is single and has no children.
I am very ____ for the fact that I have two similar yet very different friends，Nancy and Richard.This has ____ me that anyone can be a positive thinker.And it is also what makes my friendship with both of them very intriguing(有趣的) and challenging.
| 小题1: | | A．energy | B．power | | C．ability | D．effort |
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| 小题2: | | A．strong | B．special | | C．impressive | D．similar |
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| 小题3: | | A．childhood | B．education | | C．appearance | D．religion |
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| 小题4: | | A．confirmed | B．filled | | C．influenced | D．controlled |
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| 小题5: | | A．spoiled | B．moved | | C．raised | D．deserted |
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| 小题6: | | A．absorbed | B．interested | | C．involved | D．stuck |
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| 小题7: | | A．took | B．picked | | C．called | D．gave |
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| 小题8: | | A．carefully | B．properly | | C．strictly | D．firmly |
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| 小题9: | | A．Moreover | B．However | | C．Instead | D．Therefore |
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| 小题10: | | A．visit | B．touch | | C．phone | D．know |
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| 小题11: | | A．follower | B．receiver | | C．caretaker | D．leader |
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| 小题12: | | A．medical | B．physical | | C．political | D．chemical |
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| 小题13: | | A．difficult | B．complete | | C．favorite | D．natural |
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| 小题14: | | A．agreed | B．refused | | C．chose | D．remembered |
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| 小题15: | | A．machines | B．exhibitions | | C．agreements | D．coins |
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| 小题16: | | A．hobby | B．custom | | C．habit | D．lifestyle |
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| 小题17: | | A．beautiful | B．independent | | C．famous | D．married |
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| 小题18: | | A．After all | B．In contrast | | C．In a word | D．In the end |
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| 小题19: | | A．anxious | B．thankful | | C．sorry | D．ready |
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| 小题20: | | A．reminded | B．persuaded | | C．taught | D．acknowledged |
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