Dr. Jack M. Gwaltney, Jr. a professor at the University Of Virginia School Of Me

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Dr. Jack M. Gwaltney, Jr. a professor at the University Of Virginia School Of Medicine infected six student volunteers with virus, the most common cause of colds. A few days later, when they were coughing and sneezing, he gathered 37 more people and divided them into three groups. Group 1 members spent three days and nights in the same room with one of the infected students, separated by a screen so they couldn"t touch one another. Group 2 sat around a table while an infected volunteer talked, coughed and sang to them. Group 3 held hands with an infected student for ten seconds, and then touched their own noses or eyes.
Although most scientists at the time, the mid-70s, believed colds were spread by virus-laden droplets spread through the air when infected people coughed or sneezed, Gwaltney suspected physical contact might play an important role. Sure enough, of the 15 people who had touched a student volunteer, 11 became infected—compared with only one of those who had been sitting at the table, and none who had spent three days and nights together.
"The best evidence we have is that hand-to-hand contact is the most efficient way of transmitting virus," says Gwaltney. The study was one of a series that helped establish Gwaltney"s reputation as a leading authority. Dr. Robert Couch says, "It would not be inappropriate to call him Mr. Common Cold."
When Gwaltney is asked how close scientists are to finding a cure, he replies: "If you mean ‘get rid of’, I don"t think we"re going to be able to do that with cold viruses any time soon. But if you look in the dictionary, you"ll see that "cure" is explained as a successful treatment. And we"re not just getting more effective at treating the symptoms (症状)—we"re getting at the root cause too. "
小题1:Dr. Jack M. Gwaltney conducted the experiment in order to__________.

A．find out the most common cause of colds

B．infect the student volunteer

C．find out the role physical contact plays in the common colds

D．find out the role virus-laden air plays in the infection of colds

小题2:The result of the experiment shows that ___ plays an important role in the infection of colds.

A．sneezing at the infected person

B．touching the infected person

C．sitting together with the infected person

D．talking with the infected person

小题3:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Dr. Gwaltney was sure that hand-to-hand touch is the cause of the common cold.

B．Only one of the people who had spent three days and nights together became infected.

C．Dr. Gwaltney conducted many an experiment as to the cause of colds.

D．Dr. Gwaltney tested altogether 43 volunteers to see how they could develop colds.

小题4:Mr. Common Cold is______.

A．a newly-found virus

B．a nickname (绰号) of respect to Dr. Gwaltney

C．a method to cure colds

D．a way by which the other scientists laughed at Dr. Gwaltney

小题5:When Dr. Gwaltney gives a reply in the end of the passage, he means that______.

A．they have found the fundamental cause of colds

B．they have managed to wipe out the cold viruses

C．they have meant to experiment more

D．they have made much progress in dealing with colds

答案

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:B
小题5:D

解析

文章介绍了Gwaltney对感冒的研究，发现身体接触是传播感冒的重要原因。
小题1:推理题。根据第二段第2,3行Gwaltney suspected physical contact might play an important role.可知他做这个实验的目的就是为了研究身体接触是不是传染感冒的原因。
小题2:推理题。根据第三段第一行"The best evidence we have is that hand-to-hand contact is the most efficient way of transmitting virus"可知身体接触在感冒传染中所起的作用很大。
小题3:推理题。根据第三段第二行The study was one of a series that helped establish Gwaltney"s reputation as a leading authority.这次的研究只是一系列的实验之一。那么C正确。
小题4:推理题。根据第三段最后一句It would not be inappropriate to call him Mr. Common Cold."可知Mr. Common Cold是他的绰号，指他是一个研究普通感冒的人。
小题5:推理题。根据最后一句And we"re not just getting more effective at treating the symptoms (症状)—we"re getting at the root cause too. "可知他们不仅仅能治疗感冒症状，而且还了解了感冒的根源。

举一反三

The personal computer has overtaken the family dog as man"s best friend．according to a study．
Researchers found that just 6 per cent of us believe that“ most people rely more on their dog than they do on their PC”，while 67 per cent think the opposite to be true．
Even 38 per cent of dog owners admitted to relying more on their PC than on their dog, although 36 per cent disagreed.
And 71 per cent of 18 to 24-year-old dog owners said they relied more on their computer．
Paul Allen，editor of Computeractive magazine said：“These days you can even you’re your PC for fl walk，provided you have a laptop or tablet.”
“It"s only a matter of time until the first PC that fetches your slippers．”
Researchers questioned 2，000 British adults to find out the change modern technology has brought to their home life．
They found that male dog owners are almost twice as likely as female owners to rely on their computer than a canine companion.
Mr．Allen said：“With broadband bringing them global news and newspaper sales falling，the family dog even misses out on the pleasure of taking the paper to his owner．”
But it"s not all bad news for obedient dogs．
“The family PC has given dog owners access to a wealth of resources and information that can help with the long-term care that a dog needs，”Mr．Allen said．
小题1:Who are most likely to rely on computers?

A．Teens．

B．People in their early twenties．

C．People in their early thirties．

D．People in their early forties．

小题2:What is the general idea of the passage?

A．The personal computer has replaced the dog as man"s best friends．

B．The computer and the dog as man"s best friends．

C．Modern technology has brought changes to people"s home life．

D．The dog as a pet will disappear completely from people"s life．

小题3:The advantage of dogs as pets over the personal computer now is that

A．the dog can go out for a walk with people

B．the dog can help people fetch something

C．the dog can bring people more pleasure

D．the dog is more likely to follow its owner"s orders

小题4:The underlined word“canine”in Paragraph 8 probably means

A．human

B．pet

C．family

D．dog

小题5:According to Mr. Allen，the personal computer

A．won"t have effect on newspaper sales

B．can"t help people take better care of the dog

C．will drive the dog as a pet out completely

D．will be able to help people fetch something

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Every Friday we have a fire alarm test at nine o"clock sharp, and even though the sound is very noisy, I am so happy because when I heard that it reminded me today is Friday and tomorrow is weekend, it is the last working day of the week and I have two days off, it’s so excited!Sometimes we have a fire drill, when you hear the fire alarm, everybody have to run out through the fire exit.
One Monday at nine o’clock, the alarm was sounded and I was working behind the fish house and didn’t hear it. The department manager and staff were looking for me thoroughly, finally they found me and asked me to stop my job and follow them went out.
"I am busy, No problem! You leave, I work." I said.
"No, this is the law, everybody has to leave." The manager said.
I understood that if I insisted not to leave, they must carry me out. I went out with them together finally, no choice.
One afternoon, when I was working outside, the fire alarm cropped up（突然出现） sounding wildly, nobody knew what’s happening, some were standing and looking around, some were asking questions, some were running, I knew this wasn’t a test or drill, must be a real one. At that moment, one lady called me from a distance:"Jinglebell: leave your job, go out quickly."I joined the crowded flow of customers and staff going out. I asked somebody what"s happened? And they told me this is a real one as there was some smoke on the shop floor.Finally I found out, actually there was no problem, that it was an electrician who used the equipment for the carpet and made a little smoke.
After that I asked somebody how to deal with the customer’s food in the restaurant in that case, because they went out to leave because of the fire, but hadn"t finished their food. They told me that the customers who had bought food or drinks there could get a new one.
I don"t understand, if in China, under that situation, everybody must carry a bucket（桶） or some other water containers to the fire spot, to fight the flames.
I agree with the English emphasis the human right, but maybe a very small problem could become a big problem while everybody had withdrawn from the shop, because the fire fighters could not come at once.
I was just thinking.
小题1:Despite the noise from the fire alarm, the author still feels happy because _____.

A．the noise lasts too long

B．the noise is not too loud

C．the noise reminds the author of the coming of weekend

D．the author often ignores it when working

小题2:If there is a fire breaking out in a restaurant, what will happen in China?

A．people will go out to leave

B．people will scream and cry in panic

C．people will not leave until they finish their food

D．people will carry a basket or some water containers to help put out the flames

小题3:What’s the author’s attitude to the human right?

A．Approval

B．Rejection

C．Neutral

D．Not mentioned

小题4:Why does the author think that a very small problem may become a big one while everybody had withdrawn from the shop?

A．Because the author thinks the fire is dangerous

B．Because the author thinks the fire spreads fast

C．Because the author thinks the fire fighters could not come at once

D．Because the author thinks the human right is important

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A long time ago, there lived a poor man whose real name has been forgotten. He was little and old and his face was wrinkled, and that was why his friends called him Mr. Vinegar. His wife was also little and old, and they lived in a little old cottage at the back of a little old field.
"John," said Mrs. Vinegar, "you must go to town and buy a cow. I will milk her and churn（搅拌） butter and we shall never want for anything."
"That is a good plan," said Mr. Vinegar, so he started off to town while his wife waited by the roadside.
Mr. Vinegar walked up and down the street of the town looking for a cow. After a time, a farmer came that way, leading one that was very pretty and fat.
"Oh, if I only had that cow," said Mr. Vinegar, "I would be the happiest man in the world!"
"She"s a very good cow," said the farmer.
"Well," said Mr. Vinegar, "I"ll give you these 50 gold pieces for her."
The farmer smiled and held out his hand for the money, "You may have her," he said, "I always like to oblige（施恩惠） , my friends!"
Mr. Vinegar took hold of the cow"s halter and led her up and down the street. "I am the luckiest man in the world," he said, "for only see how all the people are looking at me and my cow!"
But at one end of the street, he met a man playing bagpipes（风笛） . He stopped and listened -- Tweedle Dee Tweedle Dee.
"Oh, that is the sweetest music I ever heard," he said, "and just see how all the children crowd around the man and give him pennies! If I only had those bagpipes, I would be the happiest man in the world!!"
"I"ll sell them to you," said the piper.
"Will you? Well then, since I have no money, I will give you this cow for them."
"You may have them," answered the piper, "I always like to oblige a friend."
Mr. Vinegar took the bagpipes and the piper led the cow away.
"Now we will have some music," said Mr. Vinegar, but try as hard as he might, he could not play a tune. He could get nothing out of the bagpipes but "squeak, squeak". The children instead of giving him pennies laughed at him.
The day was chilly and in trying to play the pipes, his fingers grew very cold. He wished he had kept the cow.
He just started for home when he met a man who had warm gloves on his hands. "Oh, if I only had those pretty gloves," he said, "I would be the happiest man in the world."
"How much will you give for them?" asked the man.
"Oh, I have no money, but I will give you these bagpipes," answered Mr. Vinegar.
"Well," said the man, "you may have them for I always like to oblige a friend."
Mr. Vinegar gave him the bagpipes and drew the gloves on over his half frozen fingers. "How lucky I am," he said as he trudged（跋涉） homeward. His hands were soon quite warm, but the road was rough and the walking hard. He was very tired when he came to the foot of the steep hill. "How shall I ever get to the top?" he said. Just then he met a man who was walking the other way. He had a stick in his hand which he used as a cane to help him along.
"My friend," said Mr. Vinegar, "if only I had that stick of yours to help me up this hill, I would be the happiest man in the world!"
"How much will you give me for it?" asked the man.
"Well, I have no money, but I will give you this pair of warm gloves," said Mr. Vinegar.
"Well," said the man, "you may have it for I always like to oblige a friend."
Mr. Vinegar"s hands were now quite warm, so he gave the gloves to the man and took the stout（结实的） stick to help him along. "How lucky I am!"" he said as he toiled upward.
At the top of the hill he stopped to rest. But as he was thinking of all his good luck that day, he heard someone calling his name. He looked up and saw only a green parrot sitting in a tree.
"Mr. Vinegar, Mr. Vinegar," it cried.
"What now?" said Mr. Vinegar.
"You"re a dunce（傻瓜） , you"re a dunce!"" answered the bird, "you went to seek your fortune and you found it, then you gave it for a cow, and the cow for some bagpipes, and the bagpipes for some gloves, and the gloves for a stick which you might of cut by the roadside. He He He, you"re a dunce! You"re a dunce!""
This made Mr. Vinegar very angry. He threw the stick at the bird with all his might. But the bird only answered, "You"re a dunce! You"re a dunce!" And the stick lodged in the tree where he could not get it again.
Mr. Vinegar went on slowly for he had many things to think about. His wife was standing by the roadside and as soon as she saw him, she cried out, "Where"s the cow? Where"s the cow?" "Well, I just don"t know where the cow is," said Mr. Vinegar. And then he told her the whole story.
小题1:What’s the meaning of the underlined word in the passage?

A．成功

B．财富

C．幸福

D．健康

小题2:How many exchanges happen in the passage?

A．1

B．2

C．3

D．4

小题3:Why does the parrot think Mr.Vinegar foolish?

A．Because Mr.Vinegar married an old woman

B．Because Mr.Vinegar gave his fortune for nothing

C．Because Mr.Vinegar was little and old

D．Because Mr.Vinegar did nothing but be angry

小题4:What’s Mrs.Vinegar’s feeling after she knew the fact?

A．Sad

B．Calm

C．Happ

D．Angry

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"Super Dan", as top-seeded Lin Dan of China is better known in the badminton（羽毛球） world, had his Olympic dream come true after claiming the men"s singles gold by beating Lee Chong Wei of Malaysia on August 17 in the Beijing Olympics.
His father, Lin Jianbin, said "Super Dan"has waited for four years to get this championship and he felt very proud of his son, as well as his prospective daughter-in-law Xie Xingfang, who is also a badminton player and won silver in women"s singles at the Beijing Games.
An SMS: The beginning of a love story
Lin was born in Shanghang County, Longyan in Fujian Province. He first met Xie Xingfang when he was 14-years-old. 16-year-old Xie was attending a national youth team badminton training camp in Jinjiang, Fujian and Lin was also there.
Tall and beautiful, Xie became the Snow White in the heart of Lin Dan, and he tried to please her and get chances to chat with her after the training sessions. He did not go beyond that.
Before the Spring Festival in 2004, Lin finally mustered（召集，聚集） the courage and sent Xie Xingfang a text message - I LOVE YOU. In fact, Xie Xingfang had already realized Lin Dan was fond of her. And covertly（秘密地） , she began to pay attention to Lin"s movement and performance on the court. "He is very interesting, got a lot of ideas, and is a lovely boy."
Two Kisses
In May 2004 at the Thomas Cup in Jakarta, their love relationship was first known to the public. Xie sat with her teammates and watched the men"s team playing. When Lin Dan won the match, he rushed to the bench and kissed Xie, a move that Xie did not expect Lin to do in public. A photographer captured this moment.
At the All England Open in 2007, Lin kissed her again in public, making Xie feel like the happiest woman in the world.
After Lin won his third title at the Open, he did not stay to watch Xie play. Xie defeated her opponent and won the championship. When she was called to accept the trophy（奖品，战利品） , Lin suddenly emerged at the central venue, holding red roses and gave her the flowers, and a passionate kiss.
Nine Roses
Earlier, on February 14, 2006, Lin and Xie were with the national badminton teams at a training camp in Jinjiang. The teams had their rules – not going out of the training camp. Xie thought she would spend the Valentine"s Day without flowers.
But Lin still managed to give her a surprise – giving her a Dior wallet as a Valentine"s gift and nine roses. With the teams" rule in place, Lin asked his local friend to buy the roses and gave her a pleasant Valentines surprise.
A 200-square-meter apartment
Lin Dan and Xie Xingfang"s love has been through four years of tests, and Xie"s father also said that they should consider marriage after the Olympics.
In fact, Lin Dan has already prepared for this. He has bought a 200-square-meter apartment in downtown Beijing, with 4 rooms and 2 living rooms. Paying about 20,000 yuan per square meter for the apartment, it is reported the apartment is now valued at 8 million yuan.
"After the Olympics, we really want to live our own lives, go on vacation, go to school, get married, I am really looking forward to it," Xie said happily.
With two kitchens, one Chinese and one Western style, Xie said she wanted to be the person preparing soup at home and enjoy family life.
小题1:How old was Lin Dan when he first met Xie Xingfang?

A．14

B．16

C．18

D．20

小题2:What does Xie Xingfang specialize in?

A．tennis	B．badminton
C．basketball	D．swimming

小题3:What did Lin Dan give Xie Xingfang as a gift for the Valentinge’s Day in 2006?

A．A Chanel perfume	B．A Dior wallet
C．An LV handbag	D．A Tiffany ring

小题4:When are the plans of this couple after the Olympic except _____?

A．to start business	B．to go to school
C．to go on vacation	D．to get married

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This is the letter that Mr. White wrote before his death about his three books for children:
Dear Reader:
I receive many letters from children and can"t answer them all -- there wouldn"t be time enough in a day. That is why I am sending you this printed reply to your letter. I"ll try to answer some of the questions that are commonly asked.
Where did I get the idea for Stuart Little and for Charlotte"s Web? Well, many years ago I went to bed one night in a railway sleeping car, and during the night I dreamed about a tiny boy who acted rather like a mouse. That"s how the story of Stuart Little got started.
As for Charlotte"s Web, I like animals and my barn（谷仓） is a very pleasant place to be, at all hours. One day when I was on my way to feed the pig, I began feeling sorry for the pig because, like most pigs, he was doomed to die. This made me sad. So I started thinking of ways to save a pig"s life. I had been watching a big grey spider at her work and was impressed by how clever she was at weaving. Gradually I worked the spider into the story that you know, a story of friendship and salvation（拯救） on a farm. Three years after I started writing it, it was published. (I am not a fast worker, as you can see.)
Sometimes I"m asked how old I was when I started to write, and what made me want to write. I started early -- as soon as I could spell. In fact, I can"t remember any time in my life when I wasn"t busy writing. I don"t know what caused me to do it, or why I enjoyed it, but I think children often find pleasure and satisfaction is trying to set their thoughts down on paper, either in words or in pictures. I was no good at drawing, so I used words instead. As I grew older, I found that writing can be a way of earning a living.
Some of my readers want me to visit their school. Some want me to send a picture, or an autograph, or a book. And some ask questions about my family and my animals and my pets. Much as I"d like to, I can"t go visiting. I can"t send books, either -- you can find them in a bookstore or a library. Many children assume that a writer owns (or even makes) his own books. This is not true -- books are made by the publisher. If a writer wants a copy, he must buy it. That"s why I can"t send books. And I do not send autographs（亲笔签名，手稿） -- I leave that to the movie stars. I live most of the year in the country, in New England. From our windows we can look out at the sea and the mountains. I live near my married son and three grandchildren.
Are my stories true, you ask? No, they are imaginary tales, containing fantastic characters and events. In real life, a family doesn"t have a child who looks like a mouse; in real life, a spider doesn"t spin words in her web. In real life, a swan doesn"t blow a trumpet（喇叭，小号） . But real life is only one kind of life -- there is also the life of the imagination. And although my stories are imaginary, I like to think that there is some truth in them, too -- truth about the way people and animals feel and think and act.
Yours sincerely,
E.B. White
小题1:What does the author do?

A． a writer

B．a reporter

C．a doctor

D．a teacher

小题2:What caused the author start to write?

A．His parents’ encuoragement

B．His talent in writing

C．Not mentioned in the passage

D．A writer in the early time

小题3:Why does the author think he can’t seng his autographs?

A．Because he thinks it should be dong by movie stars.

B．Because he thinks his writing is not good enough

C．Because he has no much time

D．Because he hates writing

小题4:How long had the author been writing the story of Chariotte’s web?

A．3 minths

B．2 years

C．3 years

D．5 years

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