Almost 55,000 people who have had a major impact on British society are profiled
题型：不详难度：来源：
Almost 55,000 people who have had a major impact on British society are profiled in a new 60-volume book that has taken 12 years to compile.
It has cost more than ￡25million and taken 10,000 writers to update the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Murder victims Stephen Lawrence and James Bulger are among those joining the likes of Queen Victoria and Gandhi.
The new version of the dictionary, which was founded in 1882, costs ￡7,500 and takes up 12 feet of shelf space.
Projects director Robert Faber said Stephen Lawrence was included because his death triggered "dramatic developments in British policing and social policy".
Women make up 10% of the entries - double the previous share - and include Queen Elizabeth I, Dusty Springfield, Linda McCartney and Virginia Woolf, whose father compiled the first edition.
Alongside the famous names are lesser known individuals such as the inventor of snooker, army reservist(预备役军人)Neville Chamberlain.
Stephen Lawrence and James Bulger were both included because of the "overwhelming soul-searching(真挚的自我反省、深思)and examination of education and social policy" which followed their deaths.
Mr Faber said: "These are not just people who were killed but people who had an impact. Jill Dando is there as much for her career but also because her death became a public event.
"So many of these people have seized the public imagination and have contributed to public debate."
小题1: How much does a volume of the new version cost on average?| A．More than ￡25million. | B．More than ￡400, 000. | | C．￡7, 500. | D．￡125. |
小题2:How many women are profiled in the New Oxford Dictionary of National Biography?| A．About 5. | B．About 55. | C．About 550. | D．About 5500. |
小题3: It can be inferred that Jill Dando _____.| A．died in a case of murder which drew the public much attention | | B．isn’t included in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | | C．is the director of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | | D．is included in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography only for her death |
小题4: _____ are collected in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.| A．Those who were murdered in history | B．Those who have shaped Britain | | C．Those who are famous all over the world | D．Those who live in Britain |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:B |
解析
这是一篇新闻类短文。本文报道了“新版《牛津英国传记大词典》出版，5.5万名对英国有影响的人物入选其中”。
小题1:计算题。此次新版的词典总共60卷，全套7500英镑，平均每卷125英镑。
小题2:细节题。根据首句“词典收录了将近5.5万名对英国社会有重大影响的人物”和短文中的“Women make up 10% of the entries”一句计算可知。
小题3:推断题。短文倒数第二段费伯先生说：“他们不仅是单纯的遇害者，他们也是有影响的人物。吉尔·当多被编入字典不仅仅是因为她的职业，也因为她的死成为公众关注的事件” 由此可推断吉尔·当多也是被谋***致死。
小题4:主旨题。根据短文首句及全文所列举的人物，他们都是对英国有重大影响的人物。
由此判断可知。 |
举一反三
Bored? Don"t know what to do with your time? Get your friends or family together, go to the park or go hiking, do something fun —just don"t turn on your TV.
The 10th annual TV-Turnoff Week starts on Monday. The TV-Turnoff Network, a nonprofit organization, began the program in 1994 to get children and adults to watch less television so that their time is spent doing more productive things. This year, millions of people will participate and find much more interesting things to do besides sitting in front of the television.
Experts are convinced（确信）that watching too much TV keeps kids from participating in healthy physical activities. The average household has a television on for 7 hours and 40 minutes a day! Kids spend more time watching TV than they spend in school. Turning off the TV gives you a chance to be with your family and friends. Going without it frees up valuable time that could be spent reading a good book, writing, drawing, or discovering something else that may interest you.
There are many organizations that support TV-Turnoff Week, including The Boys and Girls Clubs of America, YMCA, Girl Scouts USA, and Big Brothers/Big Sisters of America．Even First Lady Laura Bush is a supporter. "Television is no substitute for a parent. It doesn"t help develop language skills; it"s simply background noise," says Mrs. Bush.
Even kids who may not have liked going without TV have discovered the benefits. "I really didn"t like TV-Turnoff Week except I did notice that my grades went up and I was in a good mood all week," said Drew Henderson, a student in Donora, Pennsylvania.
小题1:The TV-Turnoff Network started TV Turnoff Week to _____.| A．to get people to spend more time doing more productive things | | B．to keep kids from participating in healthy physical activities | | C．to advise people not to buy television sets | | D．to persuade more people to join the organization |
小题2:Which is not the advantage of turning off the TV?| A．Giving you a chance to be with your family and friends. | | B．Sparing more time reading books. | | C．Developing language skills. | | D．Participating in healthy physical activities. |
小题3:Laura Bush must be _____.| A．the first woman to support TV-Turnoff Week | | B．the wife of American President | | C．the first woman to organize TV-Turnoff Week | | D．the first lady in the Boys and Girls Clubs of America |
小题4: Drew Henderson’s words in the last paragraph imply that _____.| A．he doesn’t like TV-Turnoff Week | | B．he doesn’t support TV-Turnoff Week at all | | C．it’s unnecessary to have TV-Turnoff Week | | D．he doesn’t support TV-Turnoff Week until he finds it does good to his study. |
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The Maum Sin Yong School says that they are the first in Colorado and the one of only two schools in the US to teach martial arts (武术) to students with mental diseases.
“They do everything that our regular classes do,” says Rob Hansen, Tae Kwon Do instructor. Hansen teaches the kids how to punch (拳打), kick, and block along with the values of the Korean martial arts. He says that they also learn confidence and how to improve their motor skills. “They’ve learned focus, just to be able to pick one item and pay attention to it.”
“Tae Kwon Do is pretty fun,” says Christina Hinkle. She was born with Down syndrome (唐氏综合症) and says she never wants to miss class. “Well, how come? It’s pretty fun.”
“Ever since she saw Karate Kid, she’s been running around the house, doing kicks and punches,” says Peggy Hinkle, Christina’s mother. Peggy says that her daughter processes information slowly and taking Tae Kwon Do lessons has helped her in all parts of her life. “It gives her a chance to be a regular kid.”
Wednesday’s class is not a normal class. Instead, it’s a day that all the students have been waiting for. “Today is actually the first day, and I’m actually going to be able to test these guys,” says Hansen. The students would receive their White Belts. However, in order to receive their belts, the students must show off their skills in front of a group of Black Belts.
“Nervous? No way. I’m so excited,” says Christina just before she displayed what she has learned over the past few months. She and the other students also answered questions about the history of Tae Kwon Do, as well as its philosophy (哲学).
“To me, it’s just really important for them to actively see that they are learning something,” says Hansen. “That they actually are able to be rewarded for everything that they’ve done in this class.” All the students passed. They received their White Belts.
“To see the joy in her face was very rewarding,” says Peggy. She videotaped the whole test and hugged her daughter telling her that she’s proud. “Christina feels like she could do anything,” she says.
Christina says that her next goal is to keep working on her skills so she can move up to a Gold Belt. She says, “Oh, my God, I can’t believe I got the first rank.”
小题1: The purpose of teaching the students with mental disease Tae Kwon Do is _______.| A．to help them gain confidence and be skilled at concentration | | B．to enable them to punch and kick the other opponents | | C．to take part in tournament and win prize. | | D．to get rid of their mental diseases and run motorcar |
小题2:Wednesday is the time ________ according to the text.| A．when the students with mental disease will begin to learn Tae Kwon Do | | B．when Hansen’s students will give a display of what they have learned. | | C．when Hansen’s students will replace their black belts with white belts. | | D．when the parents can see how Hansen teach their children with mental disease. |
小题3: The example of Christina in the passage suggests________.| A．children are learning Tae Kwon Do with their parents’ company. | | B．Rob Hansen is a strict coach of teaching Tae Kwon Do | | C．children with mental disease are interested in Tae Kwon Do | | D．Tae Kwon Do can cure mental disease. |
小题4:What can we infer from the passage?| A．Learning Tae Kwon Do is beneficial to children with mental disease both in health and mind. | | B．Any child with mental disease should come to learn Tae Kwon Do. | | C．Parents understand why Rob Hansen teach children with metal disease. | | D．More schools like The Maum Sin Yong School are needed in America. |
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One of India"s top engineering schools has restricted Internet access in its boarding houses, saying addiction to surfing, gaming and blogging was affecting students" performance, making them lonely and even suicidal.
Authorities at the best Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Mumbai said students had stopped socializing and many were late for morning classes or slept through them. "Now, a student doesn"t even know who lives two doors away from him because he is so busy on the Internet," said Prakash Gopalan, dean of student affairs. "The old dormitory culture of companionship and socializing among students is gone. This is not healthy in our opinion."
IIT-Mumbai, with about 5,000 students, is one of seven IITs across India which are considered to be among the finest engineering schools in the world. They are also a talent pool for global technology giants. But their hard courses, tough competition and lonely campus lifestyle have taken an effect on students. Depressive and dysfunctional (不正常的) lifestyles are known to be common among IIT students, and at least nine have committed suicide in the past five years. Students have unlimited free Internet access in their boarding houses to help them in their studies, but many also use it to surf, chat, download movies and music, blog and for gaming.
Starting Monday, Internet access will be banned between 11 p.m. and 12.30 p.m. at IIT-Mumbai"s 13 boarding buildings to encourage students to sleep early and to try and force them out of their "shells," Gopalan said. But the move has not gone down well with students who say they hate their lives being regulated. "Now they will say we need to listen to a lullaby (摇篮曲) to go to sleep," said Rajiv, an electronics student.
小题1:Which of the following is not the possible effect of free Internet access on students?| A．There has been a decline in students’ lessons. | | B．Participation in social activities has gone down. | | C．Some students feel lonely and even suicidal. | | D．Students don’t even know his classmates. |
小题2:What measure has been taken in IIT- Mumbai?| A．Students have unlimited free Internet access in their dormitories. | | B．Students are forbidden to surf the Internet. | | C．Internet access is unavailable in deep night. | | D．Students must go to bed before 11 p.m. |
小题3:In the passage the students are told to _____. | A．sleep through their lessons | B．break away from the Internet | | C．go to sleep along with music | D．stop surfing, make friends |
小题4: We may infer from the last paragraph that _____. | A．the banning order causes some complaints among the students | | B．all electronics students hate the banning order | | C．more students prefer listening to music to surfing the Internet | | D．there is no Internet access on the IIT campus even since. |
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New Beijing, Great Olympics
The 2008 Olympic Games has been the most cheerful and anticipated（预先的） event throughout Beijing ever since Beijing was rewarded the right to host the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, yet the focus should be shifted from making a promise to carrying out the promise made.
In my point of view, to bridge the gap between the promise and reality, Beijing still has a long way to go. To begin with, basic-structure construction should be the primary concern. Such basic-structures as communications and transportation system and facilities ought to draw our constant attention. For example, traffic jam has been an age-old headache in Beijing. The scene of long queues of vehicles worming their way inch by inch will surely cause great disorder, and impair the image of the city meanwhile. Next, to add charm to convenience, overall cityplanning is quite necessary. Time permitting, a redesign of city plan and adjustment of architectural style would provide a better environment for cultivating the characteristic, mixing oriental elegance(东方的雅致) with international greatness, will tower aloft(在高处) among surrounding architectures. To achieve such effect, Beijing shall seek opinions from first-rate architects and make an overall plan. Thirdly, quality of the population should be improved. To make an international metropolis, both “hardware” and “software” are important.
However, Rome was not built in a day. To carry out the promise of “New Beijing, Great Olympics”, deeds speak louder than words.
小题1:What does the underlined word “metropolis” in paragraph 2 mean ?| A．suburb | B．small city | C．capital city | D．town |
小题2:Which sentence is not true according to the author’s opinion in the passage?| A．Beijing has a crowded traffic since a long time ago. | | B．Experts in architecture are also important to the city’s construction. | | C．In order to host the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing has preparations to make in many ways. | | D．Hardware” refers to quality of people in Beijing. |
小题3: How many aspects does the author mention to prepare for the Olympics in Beijing?| A．two: basic-structure construction and people’s quality | | B．three: basic-structure construction, traffic problem and overall city planning. | | C．two: basic-structure construction and overall city planning | | D．three: basic-structure construction, overall city planning and people’s quality. |
小题4:What can be inferred from the text?| A．Beijing is going to host the 2008 Olympic Games. | | B．To carry out the promise of “New Beijing, Great Olympics”is a long-term work. | | C．Traffic jams will cause a lot of trouble and make people feel sick.. | | D．An overall city plan is to make Beijing a city with eastern and western cultures mixed together. |
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Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase that best fits the context.
Being alone in outer space can be 36 . That is one reason why astronauts on solo(单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 37 . They were also in constant communication with people on the earth. 38 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine(潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on 39 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions?
Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have also found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of 40 is. When men are 41 together for a long period, they begin to feel 42 . Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 43 .
Apparently, although no one wants to be 44 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of 45 or stress.
People who are well-adjusted are able to 46 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in 47 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress, and thus they can do better than ordinary people.
| 小题1: | | A．excited | B．frightening | C．confusing | D．brave |
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| 小题2: | | A．tired | B．asleep | C．conscious | D．busy |
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| 小题3: | | A．So far | B．After all | C．However | D．Therefore |
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| 小题4: | | A．long | B．fast | C．dangerous | D．direct |
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| 小题5: | | A．fuel | B．entertainment | C．adjustment | D．health |
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| 小题6: | | A．shut up | B．held up | C．brought up | D．picked up |
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| 小题7: | | A．uneasy | B．interested | C．comfortable | D．excited |
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| 小题8: | | A．pleasing | B．annoying | C．common | D．valuable |
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| 小题9: | | A．noisy | B．alone | C．personal | D．sociable |
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| 小题10: | | A．emphasis | B．conflict | C．power | D．pressure |
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| 小题11: | | A．handle | B．create | C．affect | D．investigate |
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| 小题12: | | A．becoming | B．choosing | C．ordering | D．promoting |
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