After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary fo
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After a busy day of work and play, the body needs to rest. Sleep is necessary for good health. During this time, the body recovers from the activities of the previous day. The rest that you get while sleeping enables your body to prepare itself for the next day.
There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles relax little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.
Although your mind slows down, from time to time you will dream. Scientists who study sleep state that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (Although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.
If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend breathing very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion the counting sheep will put you to sleep!
小题1:A good title for this passage is ____.| A．Sleep | B．Dreams | C．Good Health | D．Work and Rest |
小题2:The word drowsy in the last paragraph means ____.| A．sick | B．asleep | C．stand up | D．a little sleepy |
小题3:This passage suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____.| A．dream more often | B．have poor health | C．nervous | D．breathe quickly |
小题4:During REM, ____.| A．your eyes move quickly | B．you dream | C．you are restless | D．both A and B |
小题5:The average number of hours of sleep that an adult needs is ______ .| A．approximately six hours | B．around ten hours | | C．about eight hours | D．not described here |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:D |
解析
试题分析：文章大意：本文讲了睡眠的重要性及与其有关的几个方面的问题，充足的睡眠能让你恢复体力，让第二天的你精力充沛。
小题1:A主旨大意题。根据第一段并浏览全文不难看出本文的题目跟Sleep有关，而且sleep在每段都多次涉及，由此也可以得出本文的主旨就是sleep。所以答案很容易就选择出A来。
小题2:D 猜测词义。 根据文章句子Other people believe that drinking warm milk will help make you drowsy. 不难翻译出“有人认为喝牛奶会帮助人们drowsy”根据常识也知道牛奶可以催眠，但是并不能直接让人睡着，所以B、asleep是指“睡着的”，D、a little sleepy 指“有点睡意”，这样对比可以确定答案应该用D。
小题3:B 推理题。文章开始就提到Sleep is necessary for good health.言外之意就是说，没有充足的睡眠对身体不好，因此选B。其它选项文章都没有提到。
小题4:D 细节题。根据文章第三段when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly. This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.可知，在所谓的REM阶段，人是处于梦境中，而且眼球会快速转动。所以综合两点选D。
小题5:D 细节题。纵观全文文章并没有提到各个年龄阶段的人们的最佳睡眠时间，所以答案为D。不能根据人们的常识来选择C、八个钟头左右。要以文章为依据做出选择。 |
举一反三
How would you like to sleep with one half your brain asleep and the other half awake? Dolphins sleep this way. Recently, scientists at Indiana State University have discovered that ducks sleep this way too. They found that ducks sleep half awake so they can rest and watch for danger at the same time.
After putting their ducks in a row and videotaping them, some researchers found ducks on the end of each row spent more time asleep with one eye open, apparently looking for predators.
“The more the ducks felt threatened, the more they slept with one eye open,” said lead author Niels C. Rattenborg, a graduate student at Indiana State University, Terre Haute. “The unique aspect is not that they do it, but that they control it. When they sleep at the edge of a group, they tend to realize greater danger, so they spend more time sleeping with one half of their brain.” Ducks with one eye open were still awake enough to detect predators, said the authors of the study, which appears today in the journal Nature.
The researchers studied four groups of four ducks held in plastic boxes, which were arranged in a row. Ducks on the end were found to sleep with one eye open 31.8 per cent of the time, compared to 12.4 percent of the time for ducks in the central position.
Also, ducks in the central position did not open one eye more than the others, while ducks on each end kept the eye facing away from the group open 86.2 per cent of the time. Brain wave readings of the ducks showed that the half of the brain receiving signals from the closed eye indicated that half of the brain was sleeping. Signals from the half of the brain receiving signals from the open eye showed a state between fully awake and asleep.
小题1:The under lined word “predator” is most likely to mean .| A．an animal that is likely to be friends with ducks | | B．a human being who looks after and feeds ducks | | C．a scientist who does research work on animals | | D．an animal that hunts, kills and eats other animals |
小题2:Ducks at the end of each row sleep with one eye open because .| A．they are looking for food | | B．they are watching out for danger | | C．they want to enjoy the scenery | | D．they are unique in their sleeping habit |
小题3:Which of the following is true according to the passage?| A．Ducks with one eye open at the edge can still enjoy a certain degree of sleep. | | B．Ducks with less sense of duty usually choose to stay in the center of a row. | | C．Ducks on the northern end of a row would keep their eye facing the south open. | | D．A video tape recorder was the only electronic device used in the experiment. |
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Have you ever seen any students whose trousers hang so low that you can see their underwear? What do you think of that? Fashionable? Some of today’s teenagers are big fans of such a look. But recently this trend has been at the center of an argument in Italian middle schools. The headmaster of a school in central Italy has asked students to stop wearing low-rise jeans that expose underwear and parts of the body. His request came after a class trip, when he saw one boy"s baggy trousers slide to his feet. He pointed out that this way of dressing is not suitable for school. But in Italy, a nation that takes fashion very seriously, the suggestion caused a debate among parents, teachers and students. The issue is whether the headmaster"s request will limit students" freedom— or whether dress in Italian schools is too casual. A parents" group praised the move in favor of good taste, while others advised schools to stop worrying about fashion and fix up old school buildings. “We do not want to kick fashion out,” the headmaster explained, “but extremes of fashion like this are not right in school.” Many other schools have now requested that their students also stop wearing such trousers. Most students have simply ignored the request. Ludovica Gaudio, 14, wore extremely low trousers exposing orange underwear in class. It was cold, so she wore a matching orange scarf. Another 14-year-old said she would probably respect the request, simply for practical reasons. “I don"t really feel comfortable in those sort of jeans，” said Sarah Lattanzi, “in winter, when dressed like that, it"s quite cold and I am afraid my stomach will ache.”
小题1:What led to the argument in Italian middle schools？______| A．Students" craze for fashions. | B．Clothes that are too exposing. | | C．Students" ignoring dress codes.（规则） | D．Students" underwear. |
小题2:Which of the following supports the headmaster"s request?___| A．Fashion should be taken seriously. | | B．Fashion should not be followed in school. | | C．Students should have their freedom in choosing what they wear. | | D．Students should be encouraged to have good taste in clothes. |
小题3: The argument against the headmaster"s request is that ______.| A．dress in Italian schools is too casual | | B．fashion should not be followed in school | | C．schools should pay attention to things more important than students" clothes | | D．low-rise jeans can do harm to youngster"s health |
小题4:The purpose of this story is to ________| A．show Chinese students that wearing very fashionable clothes in school is under attack in other countries, too. | | B．show that dress code is necessary even in a country like Italy | | C．let us see that Italian students react differently to schools" requests. | | D．tell us that a debate started in Italian middle schools over the way students dress in School |
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Half of the world’s population is affected by Asian monsoons（季风）, but monsoons are difficult to predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions.
Every year, damp air masses，known as monsoon，produce large amounts of rainfall in India, East Asia, Northern Australia and East Africa. All this wet air is pulled in by a high pressure area over the Indian Ocean and a low pressure area to the south.
According to Edward Cook , a weather expert at Columbia University in New York., the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records for the area are too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years traveling across Asia, looking for trees old enough to provide long-term records. They measured the rings, or circles, inside thousands of ancient trees in more than 300 places.
Rainfall has a direct link to the growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers developed a document they are calling a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas. It shows the effect of monsoons over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s.
Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry weather. “If the monsoon basically fails or is a very weak one, the trees affected by monsoons at that location might put on a very narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the chronology that we developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability.” With all this information, researchers say they can begin to improve computer climate models for predicting the behavior of monsoons.
“There has been widespread famine and starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding.” said Eugene Wahl, a scientist with America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “So, to get a sense of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science.”
小题1:What’s the passage mainly about？| A．The effects of Asian monsoons. | | B．The necessity of weather forecast. | | C．The achievements of Edward cook. | | D．A breakthrough in monsoon prediction. |
小题2:It is difficult for experts to predict Asian monsoons because _______.| A．it is hard to keep long-term climate records. | | B．they are formed under complex climate systems. | | C．they influence many nations. | | D．there is heavy rainfall in Asia. |
小题3:What can be inferred from the passage?| A．Long and detailed climate records can offer useful information for monsoon research. | | B．The Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas has a monsoon record for about 1,300 years. | | C．The trees affected by monsoon grow fast if the monsoon is weak. | | D．The rainfall might be low although the monsoon is strong in monsoon-affected areas. |
小题4:According to Professor Cook, the rings of the trees _______.| A．determine the regional climate. | | B．have a great influence on the regional climate. | | C．offer people information about the regional climate. | | D．reflect all kinds of regional climate information. |
小题5:Which of the following best describes the tone of this passage?| A．Matter-of –fact | B．Pessimistic | C．Humorous | D．Friendly. |
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This site , all-birds. com, is about bird watching. Enjoy your browsing. There is much to learn and see.
Bird Watching Equipment
Some items that might make bird watching more enjoyable are binoculars （ 双目望远镜） , a camera, some kind of system for keeping notes, and maybe a back pack． Birders often keep lists of the birds they see along with notes about the habits． There is some great bird log software that will let you keep records on your computer． For more details on choosing binoculars see our Binocular -Optics page．
Clothes
If you are walking through a wooded area just wear clothes you would wear on any hike or field trip． You are best off wearing clothes with dull colors that mix into the background． Greens, browns, and grays are good． Avoid fabrics that rustle（沙沙响）easily． Depending on the birds you are watching you may want to get rain gear, rubber boots and warm clothing． For birds such as owls that you might look for in the evening a strong flashlight is also handy．
Choosing a Bird Field Guide
Take a good field guide to identify birds． Look for clear color pictures that make it easy to recognize one bird from another． Next to each picture should be detailed descriptions of each bird"s anatomy, habits, and what it eats． The guide should have information about what habitat each species uses． Many guides have maps showing the range of different birds along with their migration patterns．
Where and When to see Birds
Learning the habitats of birds in your area will increase the number of birds you see, and make your birding more enjoyable． If you know that Meadow larks are likely to be in open grassy areas, and dippers are forage along stream beds, you may be looking for them if you are in those types of habitats． Edge areas where different types of habitats meet will likely have more species in them． You are more likely to see specific birds at certain times of the day． For example songbirds are easier to see two to three hours after dawn, or just before sunset． This is when songbirds are most actively feeding． Many small birds will be silent or even hidden during the rest of the day． After sunup is the best time to see eagles and hawks． Visibility is best for hunting at this time, and they can soar on the thermal currents from the warmed air． Birds like owls are more likely to be seen in the evening． Many shorebirds and waders rest at high tide and feed when the water rises or falls．
Photographing Birds
Patience in Bird Photography
Most birds are afraid of people, and all species have their own comfort zone． With a little time you can learn the comfort zone of the birds you are photographing． Once they know that you are not a threat you may be able to get closer．
Type or Style
Your reason for photographing birds may determine your style and the kind of equipment you use． If you are just recording the kinds of birds you see you don"t need to get as close, and you can use less expensive equipment, then you need for high quality prints.
Photographing Birds in Flight
Photographing birds in flight can be fun． Many digital cameras have a tracking function． With these you focus on the bird, and then as you track it the lens will keep focus．
Use Your Yard
Choose an open area where the birds will get direct sunlight, showing off their magnificent colors．
Try using props
Birds will often land on a stick or post near a seed feeder before going to the feeder． The background was just an out of focus fence but you can use anything you want for a background, and then wait for a bird to perch.
小题1:The main purpose of the passage is to _____.| A．attract more people to photograph birds | | B．help birders learn how to identify and understand birds | | C．call on people to set some comfort zones for birds | | D．inform birders of the results of a scientific research on birds |
小题2:Clothes in ______ are highly recommended when you are going bird watching．| A．red | B．yellow | C．brown | D．blue |
小题3:________ are likely to be seen at 7 in the morning．| A．Owls | B．Shorebirds | C．Songbirds | D．Larks |
小题4:Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage?| A．A stick in the yard may scares birds off when you are photographing them． | | B．It will be wise for birders to hire a guide for themselves． | | C．Birders have to bring some notebooks to keep records of birds" habits． | | D．A flashlight will come in handy when you look for owls． |
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International students studying in the UK
The UK has a long history of welcoming international students to study in its universities and colleges. In the UK last year there were over 104,000 international students. Choosing which university or college to go to was like a life-changing decision. Do as much research as possible so that you choose the right course for the right reason.
How to apply for higher education
All applications for higher education courses are made using our online application system, which is available 24 hours a day. You fill in the application form online and it does not need to be completed all at once. Please see the When to Apply page to check the dates by which we should receive your completed application.
Choosing a higher education course to study
Try to do a lot of research when deciding which courses to apply for. You will probably want to find out even more before you accept an offer of a place on a course. When you accept an offer of a place, make sure that all of your questions have been answered. Ask teachers if there is anything to prepare before the course starts. They may suggest that you look at certain books on the course reading list or that you improve your computer skills.
Other help and advice
Unistats is a website that can help you to research subjects and universities before deciding where to apply. You can compare subjects, compare universities and explore useful information about getting a job after graduation. Unistats has statistical (统计的) information on universities, colleges, subjects and teaching style.
Yougo is a student-only networking site where you can meet other applicants online and talk about what you hope to study and the university you hope to attend.
If you have any questions, please call us at 0044-330-333-0230.
小题1:One who wants to get into a university in the UK________.| A．must have a good reason to study abroad | | B．can make an application on the Internet | | C．should create more learning programs | | D．will be asked to send a plan to a teacher |
小题2:We can learn from the passage that it is a wise idea to ________.| A．learn basic computer skills in the UK when possible | | B．get to know as many teachers as possible in the UK | | C．do much research before choosing a college major | | D．borrow certain books before going abroad to study. |
小题3:Unistats is a website that works to help students ________.| A．select the best university and subject | | B．meet other teenage students online | | C．study further after finishing a course | | D．compare colleges at home and abroad |
小题4:What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?| A．To give information about higher education in the UK. | | B．To describe the types of universities across the UK. | | C．To introduce the UK education system to students. | | D．To attract international students to study in the UK. |
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