Restoring the quakehit ecosystems is a question of balancing the interests of t
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When an ecosystem has not been pushed past certain limits, it is able to recover on its own. Human involvement should only play a minor role, including after an earthquake. This is particularly the case for sandy grasslands, grasslands deserts, the mountains of the south and the northern sides of mountains in the north. In these areas soil remains and the water, light, heat and nutrients needed are available. Less human involvement is even more appropriate in areas with a small population, where it can avoid money being wasted on ineffective efforts, such as creating forests in dry areas.
The creation of nature reserves should be a model to allow damaged ecosystems to recover. Funding can start at the national level; centrallyfunded nature reserves can enforce environmental protection laws and help to promote the local economy. This will solve the problems of reserves being run to make money. When national reserves are funded, local governments will be able to adopt the same model and provide the funds for nature reserves from their own budgets. The first project should be established in nature reserves hit by the quake; these can then become models for other areas.
小题1:To restore the quakehit ecosystem, government should ________.| A．forbid locals from taking firewood from the mountainsides | | B．encourage local people to feed their animals just with straw | | C．spend large amounts of money relocating the population | | D．protect the environment without harming locals" interests |
小题2:The forestry coverage in rural Beijing has increased greatly because ________.| A．pressures on land were reduced | B．a large amount of coal is provided | | C．no people live in that area | D．locals take good care of the forest |
小题3:According to the passage ________ play(s) a major role in ecosystem recovery.| A．local people | B．nature itself | | C．human involvement | D．government"s effort |
小题4:According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?| A．Nature reserves could be helpful to recover the damaged ecosystems. | | B．Centrallyfunded nature reserves are beneficial to local economy. | | C．Some nature reserves are created for the purpose of making money. | | D．The first projects on nature reserves should be set up in quakehit areas. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:D |
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了人们应当保护环境，在一些地区由于土地的减少，绿地覆盖率相对的提高了，但是自然的破坏还需要自然自己去修复，这就需要人们在一些受灾区应该采取适当的措施来保护生态环境，比如可以建立自然保护区的方法来使自然恢复常态。
小题1:细节理解题。根据Restoring the quakehit ecosystems is a question of balancing the interests of the local people and the environment. 既要保护环境又要顾及人们的兴趣，故选D。
小题2:推理判断题。根据they now have a forestry coverage of 85% or more, compared to the 30% they had 15 years ago. Back then, land was used very inefficiently: 由于土地的面积减少，使绿地的覆盖率相对的增加，故选A。
小题3:细节理解题。根据When an ecosystem has not been pushed past certain limits, it is able to recover on its own.自然在生态环境的恢复上起着重要的作用，故选B。
小题4:细节理解题。根据The first project should be established in nature reserves hit by the quake;在地震受灾区应该建立自然保护区，故选D。
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举一反三
Pupils remember more and behave better when 3D images are used in lessons, research suggests. They are quicker to learn and absorb new concepts, and display higher levels of concentration.
Professor Anne Bamford, of the University of the Arts, London, studied the effectiveness of 3D content in 15 schools across seven countries, including the UK. Pupils in 3D classes could remember more than those in the 2D classes after four weeks, improving test scores by an average 17 percent compared with eight percent for 2D lessons. They gave more detailed answers to the tasks and were more likely to think in 3D, using hand gestures and mime (模仿动作) to answer the test questions successfully.
The teachers commented that the pupils in the 3D groups had deeper understanding, increased attention span, more motivation and higher engagement in the lessons
Children are used to 3D with the rise of computer games that use the technology—90 percent of those in the study had seen a 3D film. Schools would need 3D-enabled projectors（投影仪）, laptops with good picture capabilities, 3D software and glasses for children to introduce animations (动作) into classrooms.
But Danny Nicholson, an educationist, said the technology would be impractical to use in schools and could be too expensive. He said,“While I think the idea of 3D technology is very interesting, I worry that 3D is a bit of an expensive gimmick (小玩意儿). There are a few cases where a true 3D image might help, but most of the time, good 2D models that can be moved , would be just so effective.”
In Colorado, the US, one school district is already in the process of having 1,000 3D projectors fixed in classrooms. And the University of Caledonia, which carries out scientific research into the Lake Tabon Basin, has used 3D presentations with Grade Six pupils. Those who watched the 3D presentations were more engaged and reported a general increase in their interest in science compared with students who watched the 2D version.
小题1:Teachers think pupils in 3D classes .| A．are naughtier than those in 2D classes | B．have less motivation | | C．find it hard to concentrate | D．have deeper understanding |
小题2:Danny Nicholson tends to think that .| A．many pupils prefer 2D models | | B．3D is a bit expensive for some schools | | C．true 3D images would not help in classes | | D．3D technology has a bright future in classes |
小题3:What can we learn from the last paragraph? | A．3D classes will soon be given in one school district in Colorado. | | B．Teachers will use the 3D technology through specific training. | | C．Many pupils are now more interested in science than before. | | D．3D technology will replace 2D models in the future. |
小题4:What is the text mainly about?| A．2D models are always more effective than 3D images. | | B．The differences between 3D and 2D images. | | C．How schools can make full use of 3D technology. | | D．Pupils behave better when 3D images are used in classes. |
小题5:Where is the text most probably taken from?| A．A history book. | B．A news story | | C．A science magazine. | D．A school report. |
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One is never too old to learn. Life learning (sometimes called un-schooling or self-directed learning) is one of those concepts that are almost easier to explain by saying what it isn’t than what it is. And that’s probably because our own schooled backgrounds have convinced us that learning happens only in a fine building on certain days, between certain hours, and managed by a specially trained professional.
Within that schooling framestudy, no matter how hard teachers try and no matter how good their textbooks, many bright students get bored, many slower students struggle and give up or lose their self-respect, and most of them reach the end of the process unprepared to enter into society. They have memorized a certain body of knowledge long enough to rush back the information on tests, but they haven’t really learnt much, at least of the official curriculum.
Life learners, on the other hand, know that learning is not difficult, that people learn things quite easily if they’re not compelled and forced, if they see a need to learn something, and if they are trusted and respected enough to learn it on their own timetable, at their own speed, in their own way—no matter what age and no matter whether we’re at school or at home.
Life learning is independent of time, location or the presence of teacher. It does not require mom or dad to teach, or kids to work in workbooks at the table from 9 to noon. Life learning is learner-driven. It involves living and learning—in and from the real world. It is about exploring, questioning, experimenting, making messes, taking risks without fear of making mistakes, being laughed at and trying again.
Furthermore, life learning is about trusting kids to learn what they need to know and about helping them to learn and grow in their own ways. It is about providing positive experiences that enable children to understand the world and their culture and to interact with it.
小题1:It is implied in the text that it is hard to ______.| A．tell the nature of life learning | B．carry life learning through | | C．learn without going to school | D．find a specially trained teacher |
小题2:According to the author, the schooling framestudy often ______.| A．produces slow students with poor memories | | B．ignores some parts of the official curriculum | | C．fails to provide enough knowledge about life | | D．gives little care to the quality of teaching materials |
小题3:Life learners recognize that learning will not be difficult if they are ______.| A．able to respect other people | B．careful to make a time table | | C．clear about why to learn | D．cautious about any mistakes |
小题4:According to the author, life learning ______.| A．could prevent one from running risks | | B．teaches a kid how to avoid being laughed at | | C．makes a kid independent of his parents | | D．could be a road full of trials and errors |
小题5:Through life learning, children ______.| A．will grow without the assistance from parents | | B．will be seperated from the negative side of society | | C．will be driven to learn necessary life knowledge | | D．will learn to communicate with the real society |
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Exceptional children are different in some ways from others of the same age. For these children to 31 their full adult potential, their 32 must suit those differences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we 33 ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage 34 our attention, we also see the importance of the 35 players and the scenery of the 36 itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the 37 to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full 38 of society’s understanding—the knowledge, hopes, and fears that are 39 to the next generation.
Education in any society is a 40 of the society. We can see in it the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the 41 values of the culture itself. The great 42 in exceptional children shown in public education over the past thirty years 43 the strong feeling in our society that all 44 , whatever their special conditions, have a right to get the chance to fully develop their abilities.
“All man are created equal.” We’ve 45 it many times, but it still has an important meaning for education in a democratic society. 46 the phrase was used by this country’s founders to express equality before the 47 , it has also been explained to mean equality of education. That 48 educational chance for all children—the right of each child to 49 help in learning to the limit of his or her ability, whether that ability is small or great. Recent 50 decisions have made certain of the right of children—disabled or not—to a suitable education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.
| 小题1: | | A．see | B．develop | C．come | D．expand |
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| 小题2: | | A．education | B．potential | C．school | D．family |
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| 小题3: | | A．feel | B．find | C．leave | D．prevent |
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| 小题4: | | A．pays | B．loses | C．draws | D．sees |
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| 小题5: | | A．male | B．female | C．supporting | D．performing |
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| 小题6: | | A．play | B．director | C．theater | D．actor |
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| 小题7: | | A．place | B．fact | C．condition | D．key |
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| 小题8: | | A．system | B．equipment | C．expression | D．support |
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| 小题9: | | A．shown | B．passed | C．taken | D．changed |
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| 小题10: | | A．tool | B．way | C．science | D．mirror |
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| 小题11: | | A．central | B．extra | C．special | D．ordinary |
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| 小题12: | | A．interest | B．joy | C．surprise | D．disappointment |
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| 小题13: | | A．damages | B．exists | C．shows | D．lacks |
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| 小题14: | | A．kids | B．adults | C．teachers | D．citizens |
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| 小题15: | | A．spoken | B．heard | C．known | D．discussed |
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| 小题16: | | A．When | B．Although | C．If | D．Because |
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| 小题17: | | A．society | B．leader | C．law | D．money |
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| 小题18: | | A．means | B．needs | C．damages | D．changes |
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| 小题19: | | A．refuse | B．offer | C．give | D．receive |
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| 小题20: | | A．school | B．court | C．society | D．office |
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Monitoring global warming usually requires a Ph. D. and enough maths to glaze your eyes. But that Francisco Lopez and Ruby Nostrant track（记录）what climate change is doing to five different plants in Tucson, Arizona and they are only in the second grade.
“We are collecting data because the weather is changing and the plants are blooming,” Ruby explained.
Scores of other students at Borton Primary Magnet School and Sunnyside High School in Tucson are heading outdoors to be part of a new scientific push to figure out how the biological timing of the earth is changing. It’s a research project that the average person, even a kindergartner, can join in.
The National Phenology（生物气候学）Network is calling on volunteers to help track early spring blooms and eventually changes in animals caused by global warming. It’s called Project Budburst. When it was first open to the public last year, thousands of people participated in 26 states.
“All people can contribute to it by tracking the timing of flowering events or leaf-out events for plants and animals in their backyard,” said Phenology Network director Jake Weltzin. He calls the volunteers “citizen-scientists.”
The idea is that tracking flowers blooming—especially lilacs（丁香）; which everyday people have helped track for decades—is fairly simple. The Website http://www.Windows.ucar.edu/ citizen_science/budburst/index.html gives directions on what to look for in different parts of the country.
University of Maryland professor David Inouye said it’s so easy to figure out what’s blooming that a lack of special knowledge isn’t a problem.
University of Arizona ecology graduate student Lisa Benton coordinated（协调）the Tucson high school students as they looked at plants five minutes from their high school. Each student has specific guidelines and she’s been happy so far with the data she is getting. For his part, second-grader Francisco said he had fun helping out.
“I like going out in the desert,” he said. “I want to be an Einstein.”
小题1:Francisco Lopez and Ruby Nostrant are monitoring global warming by __________.| A．watching early spring blooms and changes in animals | | B．studying the biological timing of earth | | C．collecting data of the local weather | | D．tracking the early spring blooms of some local plants |
小题2:Those who participate in Project Budburst are mostly ___________.| A．ecology college graduates | B．high school students | | C．common people | D．experts |
小题3:What David Inouye says suggests that ____________.| A．the study carried out by students is convincing | | B．the students still need special training to study climate change | | C．it is difficult to study climate change | | D．to figure out what’s blooming needs special knowledge |
小题4:Who is primary school student joining in the Project Budburst?| A．Lisa Benton. | B．David Inouye | | C．Francisco Lopez. | D．Jake Weltzin. |
小题5:We can conclude from the passage that _______.| A．changes in animals caused by global warming happen earlier than those in plants | | B．the biological timing of earth is changing because of climate change | | C．the effect of climate change in Tucson, Arizona can be hardly noticed | | D．all the plants in Tucson, Arizona are blooming earlier because of climate change |
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When you travel in South America, you’d better pay attention to the following three kinds of dangerous South American animals.
Piranhas（水虎鱼）
Although only a small number of piranhas are considered to be dangerous to humans, the red-bellied piranha is definitely one of those. Evidence has shown that a large group of piranhas can absolutely eat a herd of large animals crossing the river, leaving only bones. This fish lives in the freshwater streams of South America, and they can smell the blood from far away and launch attacks swiftly. It is said that they are only dangerous to humans if the water volumes are less and lower.
Anacondas（水蟒）
This South American monster of a creature often appears in the films or your nightmares！They have weighed over 230 kilograms. It is often considered to be the biggest snake in the world. You certainly don’t want to get caught alone with this snake due to its method of attacking and killing its victim. It is indeed a remarkably different brand of snake type as it regularly coils（缠绕）around all over its target, increasing the pressure until eventually its victim dies. Its jaws are powered by large muscles that produce enough power for its over 100 sharp teeth to pass through the thick skin of an crocodile. They don’t have poison. Sometimes they prefer to camouflage themselves so they look like their surroundings and swiftly draw back when humans are near.
Golden Poisonous Frogs
The golden poison frog might be the most-deadly of the South American animal, which is protected by means of poison. This very small frog, less than 55 mm in length, packs enough punch（效力）to take down a pair of African bull elephants. This apparently harmless frog has always been known to have killed people who have touched it directly. It’s also been noted that chicken and dogs have died by contacting things on which a golden poison frog had wandered! In intense colors, they normally look attractive to their targets.
小题1:What can we learn about piranhas from the passage?| A．Piranhas are the most dangerous animals. | | B．Piranhas like to live in the deep seabed. | | C．Piranhas may attack human beings when the water level is low. | | D．Piranhas only attack human beings when they cross the river in groups. |
小题2:How does an anaconda kill its victim according to the passage?| A．It often uses its poison to kill its victim. | | B．It often uses its strength to kill its victim. | | C．It kills its victim mainly using its powerful teeth. | | D．It kills its victim with the help of other snakes. |
小题3:The underlined word “camouflage” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.| A．hide itself by appearing like the surroundings | | B．terrify and capture the enemy by making much noise | | C．move around to search for delicious food | | D．give off harmful gas to kill the targets |
小题4:Chicken and dogs are mentioned in Paragraph 4 to show that ________.| A．no animals can survive the poison of the golden poison frog | | B．they like to wander along the path of the golden poison frog | | C．the golden poison frog likes eating them most | | D．the poison of the golden poison frog is deadly |
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