Cats are very smart. They are one of the smartest animals. The brain of a cat is
题型：不详难度：来源：
Cats are very smart. They are one of the smartest animals. The brain of a cat is large. It is highly developed. This may be why cats have good memories. Cats remember kindness and cruelty. It is a good idea to treat a cat well. Cats can “speak” too. They meow for attention. Often they stand by a door. Then they meow. Then they look over their shoulders. They want to see if their owners are coming. Cats make other noises also. They purr(猫发出的咕噜声)when they are happy. They hiss when they are angry.
Cats have a lot of pride. They don’t usually do silly tricks. Almost all cats want to have their own way. They are mostly true to only one person. They don’t switch loyalty easily. Cats were free in the wild. They want to stay that way. They like to be their own masters. When a cat is left alone, it can go back to caring for itself. It can live in the wild again. This is different from dogs. Dogs will switch their loyalty. At one time dogs were loyal to the leaders of their packs. Now, they will transfer allegiance(忠诚)to their owner. They do not like to be alone.
With kindness, a cat can be trained. Cats can learn to do many things. Some cats can learn to open doors. Some can ring doorbells. Some can even turn on water tap. Then they take a drink. Cats are very smart. Before drinking, they put a paw in the water. They test whether the water is hot or cold.
小题1:What is the best title for this passage?| A．The Difference Between Dogs and Cats. | B．The Characteristics of Cats. | | C． Loyal Animals. | D． How to Keep Cats? |
小题2:It’s interesting to have cats around ourselves because ________.
A.they always switch their loyalty B. they like to do silly tricks
C. they will hiss when they are happy D they are smart and have good memories
小题3:The last paragraph mainly shows that ________.| A．cats can test whether the water is cold or not | | B．cats know how to turn on the water tap | | C．cats are smart | | D．cats know how to open a door |
|
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C |
解析
试题分析：本文介绍了猫是一种非常聪明的动物，它有很好的记忆力，它们大多对人是忠诚的，猫能够自己照顾好自己，猫接受训练后会做很多事情，短文给出了一些例子。
小题1:标题归纳题。根据全文的内容可知，这是主要介绍了猫的特性，故选B。
小题2:细节理解题。根据Cats are very smart. This may be why cats have good memories.故选 D。
小题3:主旨大意题。根据首句Cats are very smart.及全文的内容可知应选 C。
点评：所谓主旨大意题，就是指那些针对文章的主要内容、主题、标题或写作目的所设置的问题。这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法对文章进行高度概括或总结的能力。 |
举一反三
Although man has known asbestos （石棉） for many hundreds of years, it was not until 160 years ago that it was mined for the first time on the North American continent. H.W.Johns, owner of a New York City Supply Shop for roofers, was responsible for the opening of that first mine．
Mr.Johns was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in Italy． He experimented with the material and then showed its surprising powers to his customers. After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, which looked much like ordinary work gloves, he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands.How astonished the customers were to discover that he was not burned at all．You can well imagine that he had increasing business in asbestos roofing materials． However, because it was very expensive to transport them from Italy to the United States, Mr.Johns sent out a young scientist to seek a source nearer home. This young man found great vein（岩脉）, in the province of Quebec in Canada．
Ever since 1881 Quebec has led the world in the production of this unusual mineral, which is made up of magnesium, silicon, iron, and oxygen．When it is mined, the asbestos is heavy, just as you would expect a mineral to be．When it is separated, a strange thing happens: the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibres．
Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads, but they have found thousands of uses of this fireproof material, of the so-called “cloth of stone”．
小题1:Which title best expresses the main idea of this passage?| A．Asbestos mined in Canada | B．Fireproof matter | | C．A “wonder” mineral | D．A new roofing material |
小题2:Johns proved his ability as a salesman by_______．| A．going into roofing business | B．carrying asbestos from Italy | | C．sending a trained scientist | D．showing the use of asbestos gloves |
小题3:Which is the most important characteristic of asbestos that the author wants to show us? | A．It is like thread． | B．It feels soapy． | | C．It burns easily． | D．It is unusually heavy． |
小题4:The author’s main purpose in writing this passage was to _______．| A．show the need for more scientists | | B．compare asbestos with other minerals | | C．increase the sales of asbestos | | D．present facts about asbestos |
|
CORVALIJS. Ore.-- Engineers at Oregon Suite University have made a breakthrough in the performance of microbial (微生物的)fuel cells that can produce electricity directly from wastewater，opening the door to a future in which waste treatment plants not only will power themselves, but will sell extra electricity.
The new technology ,developed at OSU, can now produce 10 to 50 more times the electricity, per volume, than most oilier approaches using microbial fuel cells,and 100 times more electricity than some.
Researchers say this could eventually change the way that wastewater is treated all over the world, replacing the widely used “activated sludge (泥浆) ” process that has been in use for almost a century. The new approach would produce significant amounts of electricity while effectively cleaning the wastewater,
“If this technology works on a commercial scale the way we believe it will ,the treatment of wastewater could be a huge energy producer, not a huge energy cost.” said Hong Liu ，an associate professor in the OSU Department of Biological and Ecological Engineering. “This could have an impact around the world, save a great deal of money, provide better water treatment and promote energy sustainability.”
The biodegradable (能降解的）characteristics of wastewater, if developed to their full potential, could theoretically provide many times the energy that is now being used to process them, with no additional greenhouse emissions.
OSU researchers reported several years ago on the promise of this technology, but at that time the systems in use produced far less electrical power. With new concepts, the technology can now produce more than two kilowatts per cubic meter of liquid reactor volume.
The new system also works better than an alternative approach to creating electricity from wastewater, based on anacrobic (臭氧的）digestion that produces methane (甲烷）.It treats the wastewater more effectively, and doesn’t have any of the environmental drawbacks of that technology, such as production of possible release of methane, a significant greenhouse gas.
小题1:Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?| A．The treatment of wastewater is a huge energy cost. | | B．Wastewater is being treated differently over the world. | | C．Waste treatment plants have found a new way to power themselves. | | D．Microbial fuel cells will produce more electricity from wastewater. |
小题2:What can we learn about the new technology from the passage?| A．It can produce 100 times more electricity than any approach used today. | | B．Through it more electricity can be created and water can be cleaned better. | | C．It has already changed the way that wastewater is treated all over the world | | D．It has opened the door to put microbial fuel cells to productive use. |
小题3:What attitude does Professor Liu hold towards the new technology?
A. Supportive. B. Critical. C Unconcerned. D. Curious.
小题4:According to the last paragraph, why does the new system work better than the alternative approach?| A．Because it is co-friendly and treats wastewater more effectively. | | B．Because it can make full use of anaerobic digestion producing methane. | | C．Because it may produce less methane than the alternative approach. | | D．Because it can produce 10 times the energy than the alternative approach. |
|
Since the beginning of history, man has been attracted by the idea of living forever, of winning the fight against death and disease. So far, this has only remained a dream. Many people have wondered whether it would be possible to find a way to preserve human bodies, and what would be the best way.
It has long been known that meat of fruit can be kept fresh for long periods by freezing; in ancient China, for example, food was stored with ice to keep it fresh. This method could also be useful for preserving humans.
However, most living beings that exist under warm conditions die when frozen. This is because of the harmful effects of freezing ice crystals(晶体), which not only are larger than the volume(体积) of the water originally in the cells, but also form sharp cutting shapes that harm the cells.
In the 1940s Dr B.J. Luyet and a group of scientists in England were working on the problem of freezing cells without damaging them. Since the harm caused by ice crystals was the main cause of damage, Luyet suggested removing some or all of the water from the cells before freezing them.
Using living cells form chicken, Luyet and his assistants discovered that they could partly dry the chicken cells, using a mixture of the white part of an egg and glycerin (丙三醇). Some success was obtained. The chicken cells were dried, frozen for a period of time, and then carefully unfrozen. Almost all the cells recovered when they reached normal temperatures.
Since then, the cooling of whole animals to a temperature far below freezing point for later unfreezing has become more of a possibility, and the glycerin method would probably be used to accomplish this. When this can be done completely and successfully, science will have moved much closer to its aim of freezing and storing incurable patients until the day they can be cured.
小题1:What does the passage mainly talk about? | A．Easy but practical ways to remove water from living cells. | | B．The possibility of preserving human bodies by freezing. | | C．The practice of preserving food by freezing. | | D．The harmful effects of freezing. |
小题2:The idea of freezing human bodies to preserve them ______________.| A．has already been realized | | B．was invented in ancient China | | C．has its roots in the way of storing food | | D．is widely accepted by the scientific world |
小题3:According to the text, freezing _________________.| A．is harmful to living cells | | B．is the best way of preserving food | | C．reduces the volume of water in living cells | | D．is a way of removing water from living cells |
小题4:What can be inferred from the last paragraph?| A．It is impossible to have whole animals frozen. | | B．It remains unknown how to unfreeze frozen animals. | | C．Freezing incurable patients for later treatment is still an idea. | | D．The glycerin method has already been adopted to treat patients. |
|
Plants have family values, too; it seems, with new research suggesting they can recognize close relatives in order to work together.
An ability to tell family from strangers is well known in animals, allowing them to cooperate and share resources, but plants may possess similar social skills, scientists believe.
Susan Dudley and Amanda File of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, report they have demonstrated for the first time that plants can recognize their kin.
This suggests that plants, though lacking recognition and memory, are capable of complex social interactions.
“Plants have this kind of hidden but complicated social life，” Dudley said.
The study found plants from the same species of beach-dwelling wildflower grew aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors but were less competitive when they shared soil with their families.
Sea rocket, a North American species, showed stronger and healthier root growth when planted in pots with strangers than when raised with relatives from the same maternal(母系的) family, the study found.
This is an example of kin selection, a behavior common in animals in which closely related individuals take a group approach to succeeding in their environment, the researchers said.
Kin selection also applies to competition, because if family members compete less with each other, the group will do better overall. “Everywhere you look, plants are growing right up next to other plants，” Dudley said，“ Usually it’s a case of each plant for itself. But sometimes those plants are related, and there are benefits to not wasting resources on being competitive, and there is not really a cost to not being competitive as long as your neighbor is also not being competitive.”
Learning and memory appear to be important for kin recognition in animals, but this isn’t an option for plants, she noted.
Some researchers speculate(猜测) that plants communicate through their roots, identifying themselves using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family.
小题1:What’s the main idea of the message?| A．Studies find plants can recognize, communicate with relatives. | | B．Kin selection is important for plants. | | C．Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives. | | D．Competition asks plants to recognize their relatives. |
小题2:Which of the following is NOT right about animals’ social skill?| A．Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives. | | B．Animals’ social skill is to cooperate and share resources. | | C．Animals’ social skill can recognize close relatives in order to work together. | | D．Animals’ social skill is no use at all. |
小题3:Plants’ kin selection is to ________.| A．grow well | B．compete with other kinds of plants | | C．strengthen the relationship among siblings | D．find which one is the best |
小题4:From the passage，we learn that ________.| A．sea rocket is a South American species | | B．sea rocket grows aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors | | C．sea rocket grows aggressively alongside its siblings | | D．sea rocket is a kind of bush without flowers |
小题5:How can the plants communicate with each other according to experts’ suppose?| A．Plants communicate by using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family. | | B．Plants communicate with each other through their roots. | | C．Plants communicate with each other by their leaves. | | D．Plants communicate with each other with their flowers. |
|
NASA has opened the door to the next generation of space discovery by announcing great plans for a base for humans to live on the surface of the moon forever.
The project to build a base on the moon will begin soon after 2020, with astronauts living there within four years.
The project comes after several excellent scientists and environmentalists asked humans to look beyond Earth to ensure the survival of the species (物种).
Eventually, the moon will be a base for humans to explore the solar system and one day land on Mars.
NASA began planning for the first moon landing since 1972 when George Bush, the US president, announced his new plan for space exploration four years ago.
NASA has already talked about the design of the Orion spacecraft that will replace the old space shuttle fleet in 2010.
The plan for the moon base, however, is the first detailed explanation of how NASA intends to prepare for the first manned exploration of deep space and a possible Mars mission within 30 years.
Scientists also believe that the south pole on the moon contain rich natural gases such as the rare helium-3 that could be used as fuel for the generation of nuclear power. Besides, teams of astronauts living there for six months at a time would mine for hydrogen and oxygen to make water and possibly rocket fuel.
小题1:When was the plan to explore space first announced according to the passage?| A．In 1972. | B．In 1950. | C．In 1968. | D．In 2020. |
小题2:The reasons why NASA has begun the plan to explore space include the followings except ________.| A．to protect Earth | B．to explore deep space | | C．to finish Mars mission | D．to show how powerful the USA is |
小题3:In the future, when people fly to the moon, they will probably not bring with them too much ________| A．hydrogen | B．food | C．oxygen | D．water |
小题4:The passage mainly talks about ________.| A．the USA’s new plan for space exploration | | B．how to build a base on the moon | | C．why to ensure the survival of the species | | D．where to get new natural resources |
|
最新试题
热门考点