FRIDAY, Aug. 3 (Health Day News) -- Middle school students who are physically fi

FRIDAY, Aug. 3 (Health Day News) -- Middle school students who are physically fi

题型:不详难度:来源:
FRIDAY, Aug. 3 (Health Day News) -- Middle school students who are physically fit are likely to score higher on standardized tests measuring reading and math abilities, a new study has found. And, the average scores went up in connection with levels of fitness, the findings showed.
“The more physically fit kids were, the higher their scores,” said the study’s lead author, Trent Petrie, director of the Center for Sport Psychology at the University of North Texas in Denton. “Parents should encourage their kids to be physically active. There are some real cognitive (认知的) and academic benefits that come from physical fitness”, Petrie said.
Results of the study are scheduled to be presented Friday at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Orlando, Fla. The study included more than 1,200 middle school students from five schools in a suburban area of Texas, with 561 boys and 650 girls. About 57 percent of the children were white, and nearly one-quarter were Mexican American. Nine percent were black and about 2 percent were of Asian descent.
The school district provided the researchers with information on the children’s race, age, grade level and whether they qualified for the free school lunch program, which was an indicator of the family’s socioeconomic status. The schools also provided scores to the tests, which were given between one and four months after the researchers had assessed the children’s levels of fitness. Fitness tests were administered during physical education classes to determine the youngsters’ heart and lung health (cardiorespiratory fitness), as well as their body mass index (BMI), an indicator of how much body fat a person has. The children also filled out questionnaires that helped the researchers determine factors such as self-esteem and social support.
After accounting for factors such as age, sex, family income and self-esteem, the researchers found that for both boys and girls, higher levels of heart and lung health predicted better scores on both the math and reading tests.
For boys, perceived (感观的) social support also seemed to increase their reading scores, the investigators found. In girls, while being physically fit predicted higher reading scores, so too did a higher BMI-- which indicates more body fat. “We were a little surprised by this finding,” Petrie said.
“It was not as strong an association as the one with physical fitness,” he added. The authors suspect it may have something to do with girls this age entering adolescence, which may be related to a higher BMI and slightly higher brain development. He said he plans to make great effort to look for this relationship again in larger studies to see if it was a chance finding, or if the association holds up.
“While we can’t say 100 percent that physical fitness causes better academic performance, we can say that there is a strong and predictive relationship between physical fitness and academic performance,” Petrie said.
“It’s hard to tease apart (梳理) the exact reason for this association,” said Becky Hashim, an attending clinical psychologist and assistant professor in the departments of psychiatry and pediatrics at the Children’s Hospital of Montefiore, in New York City.
“It may be that the children are getting more oxygen. When the heart and lungs are working at a higher capacity, it may allow the brain to work at peak performance. Children who are less fit may be sleepier during school,” she noted. “I personally feel that there’s probably a strong relationship between the confidence you get from being able to do something physical well and academic performance.”
Whatever the reason behind this association may be, “there’s certainly no harm in pushing physical fitness,” Hashim added. “Physical fitness may make you feel better, give you more confidence and improve your performance across the board,” she said.
Petrie agreed. “Physically fit kids are happier, have higher self-esteem and, tend to have better relationships, and now we’re beginning to see that there also seem to be benefits cognitively and academically. Our study sends a strong warning to policymakers to reconsider the service program of physical education classes for kids,” he said.
小题1:How did the school district help the researchers carry out the study?
A.By analyzing the data of fitness tests.
B.By giving some basic information.
C.By completing some questionnaires.
D.By offering a certain amount of Money.
小题2:According to the passage, the result of the study will be published ______.
A.in a bookB.in a journalC.at a conferenceD.on the Internet
小题3:What’s the suitable title of the passage?
A.Parents should be aware of the benefit of fitness.
B.Fitter kids are likely to make better grades.
C.Fitness affects kids’ social behavior greatly.
D.Teachers should value physical education classes.
小题4:What’s Becky Hashim’s attitude towards the relationship between physical fitness and academic performance?
A.SupportiveB.IndifferentC.CriticalD.Doubtful
小题5:What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph refer to?
A.The BMI.B.The body fat.C.The brain development.D.The test score.
小题6:From the last paragraph we can infer that physically fit kids ______.
A.deserve to be treated wellB.live much longer than others
C.get along well with othersD.enjoy a peaceful life

答案

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:D
小题6:C
解析

试题分析:这篇文章主要讲了研究表明健康的孩子更具有自尊心,能够很好的与别人相处,学习成绩也更好。
小题1:根据The school district provided the researchers with information on the children’s race, age, grade level and whether they qualified for the free school lunch program, which was an indicator of the family’s socioeconomic status.故选B。
小题2:根据Results of the study are scheduled to be presented Friday at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Orlando, Fla.故答案应为C。
小题3:根据Petrie agreed. “Physically fit kids are happier, have higher self-esteem and, tend to have better relationships, and now we’re beginning to see that there also seem to be benefits cognitively and academically. Our study sends a strong warning to policymakers to reconsider the service program of physical education classes for kids,” he said. 故选B。
小题4:根据“It may be that the children are getting more oxygen. When the heart and lungs are working at a higher capacity, it may allow the brain to work at peak performance. Children who are less fit may be sleepier during school,” she noted. “I personally feel that there’s probably a strong relationship between the confidence you get from being able to do something physical well and academic performance.”故选A。
小题5:根据Middle school students who are physically fit are likely to score higher on standardized tests measuring reading and math abilities, a new study has found. And, the average scores went up in connection with levels of fitness, the findings showed.故答案应为D。
小题6:根据Petrie agreed. “Physically fit kids are happier, have higher self-esteem and, tend to have better relationships, and now we’re beginning to see that there also seem to be benefits cognitively and academically.故选C。
点评:本题型考查了对文章段落或某一板块的理解概括能力。先阅读问题,然后带着问题,再读全文,找出答题所需要的依据,完成阅读。在词义与句义理解的基础上,结合上下文总结归纳某一段或几段的大意,对于把握文章主旨,分析全文结构都是至关重要的。
举一反三
“Why should I care about the environment?” some people ask. There is a very simple reason: We live on the earth, and it is the only place we can live on right now, as we cannot live in space yet. If we treat the earth like a garbage dump, it will become dirty and unlivable. If we treat it well by being eco-conscious, the earth will stay clean and suitable for living, for ourselves and for our children.
What is “being eco-conscious”?
Being eco-conscious means being aware of your actions, and what you do to the environment. For example, you might think, “Using hairspray is great for fixing my hair.” However, if you are eco-conscious, you would ask, “Does this hairspray have CFCs in it? Could I be destroying the earth by using hairspray?”
How can I be eco-conscious?
You can find many simple ways to help the environment in your everyday life.
When you go shopping, bring a bag or a basket with you. Please try not to use plastic bags as much as you can.
You can go to work by bike or on foot if it is not far from your home.
You can put your rubbish into different bags, which makes it convenient for recycling.
You can eat less chewing gum.
You can use your own chopsticks instead of the disposable ones in your company or in restaurants.
You can put batteries in a special box instead of in garbage bins.
You can use the water which has been used for washing vegetables or fruits to clean the floor and the toilet or to water your garden.
You can turn off the decorative lights in your room when watching TV.
You can turn down your air conditioner by one degree, as this will cause a 10% reduction in energy use.
You can use recycled paper. Every ton of recycled office paper saves 380 gallons of oil. You can also use recycled glass instead of glass made from raw materials. This will reduce the related air pollution by 20%, and the related water pollution by 50%.
Please believe that. If you do a little, it will make a big difference.
小题1:Human beings should care about the environment because _________ .
A.if we make the earth unlivable, we’ll have to live in space
B.it can help our children live better
C.if we don’t, the earth will become a garbage dump
D.it will help to make the world a good living place
小题2:If your deskmate is an eco-conscious person, he should __________.
A.be aware of the importance of protecting the environment
B.use plastic bags when he buys something
C.know nothing about CFCs
D.turn his air conditioner to a higher degree
小题3:If you want to help the environment, you should do all the following EXCEPT ________.
A.share a car with your colleagues
B.use paper bags instead of plastic bags
C.use hairspray containing CFCs
D.use recycled glass instead of glass made from raw materials
小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
A.it’s very hard for human beings to keep the earth clean and comfortable
B.protecting the environment is the duty of everybody
C.we should protect the environment together, as it’s no use doing it individually
D.it’s very easy to be eco-conscious
小题5:According to the author, which of the following statements is WRONG?
A.Being eco-conscious means you should know much about the environment.
B.The more we care, the better the environment will be.
C.If each of us just does a little, we can’t make any difference.
D.If we treat the earth badly, we’ll make a lot of trouble for ourselves.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Eco City Farms are becoming more popular in cities and towns around the Unites States.
Eco City Farms in Edmonton, Maryland, is located near shopping centers, car repair shops and homes. The neighborhood is a working-class community. People do not have very much money. And they have limited access to fresh food in markets.
Over the past two years, the farm has attracted volunteers form the community like Marcy Clark. She schools her four children at home. On a recent day she brought them to Eco City Farms for a lesson, her son Alston Clark thinks his experience is very valuable. “I like coming out here,” he says, “You know, you connect with the earth, where your food comes from. You appreciate the food a little bit more.”
Margaret Morgan started Eco City Farms. She thinks of it as a place where people can learn to live healthier lives. “Growing food in a community brings people together, ”she continues, “Every piece of what we do here is a demonstration (范例) to show people everything about how to have an eco-friendly community.” she says. From the Eco City Farms people come to know that they are not only growing food and raising chickens and bees, but improving the soil with compost (肥料) made from food waste.
Eco City Farms is an experimental operation. The farm gets its power not from the local electricity networks, but from the sun with solar panels (板). In winter, the green house use a geothermal (地热) system.
Vegetables can be grown all year. So once a week, all winter long, neighbors like Chris Moss and her three children bike to the farm to pick up a share of the harvest.
“I like eating the vegetables” say five-year-old Owen Moss.
小题1:What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A.Eco City Farms save a lot of energy.
B.Eco City Farms are influencing community life.
C.Eco City Farms helps the working-class live better.
D.Eco City Farms are gaining popularity.
小题2:What is the author’s attitude toward Eco City Farms?
A.Enthusiastic.B.Disappointed.
C.Surprised.D.Doubtful.
小题3:According to the passage, Eco City Farms are close to the following places EXCEPT______.
A.shopping centers
B.car repair shops
C.fast-food restaurants
D.working-class community
小题4:In which of a newspaper can you most probably read this article?
A.People.B.Travel.
C.Environment.D.Education.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
Certain animals know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. In his book The Natural History of Selbourne (1786), the naturalist Gilbert White tells how he surreptitiously removed one egg a day from a kind of bird Plover’s nest, and how the mother laid another egg each day to make up for the missing one. He notes that other kinds of birds ignore the loss of a single egg, but if more than one egg has been removed, they will give up their nests. It has also been noted that a certain type of bees always provides five—never four, never six—caterpillars (毛虫) for each of their eggs so that their young have something to eat when the eggs have hatched out. Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd (奇数) and even (偶数) numbers of food pieces.
These have led some people to think that creatures can actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to questions about numbers with the correct number of barks.
Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survive as in the case of the eggs, or survive as in the case of food. They can “count” only when the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are small—no more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals which are trained to count one kind of objects were unable to count any other type. What interests them are the objects, not the numbers. Animals’ achievements simply are not equal to evidence of counting. They only show the results of clever, careful training.
小题1:The author refers to Gilbert’s book in paragraph 1 in order to_______.
A.support the idea that animals can count
B.show attitudes have changed since 1786
C.prove that some animals are aware of quantities
D.indicate that more research is needed in this field
小题2:The author mentions all of the following are aware of quantities in some way EXCEPT _______.
A.caterpillarsB.bees
C.miceD.plovers
小题3:The underlined word “surreptitiously” probably means _______.
A.quicklyB.carefully
C.occasionallyD.secretly
小题4:Where does this text probably come from?
A.A news report.B.A science fiction.
C.A park guide.D.A biology magazine.

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
The sea horse is a magical animal, which has puzzled (使困惑) people for thousands of years. In ancient Rome sea horses were believed to be the babies of Neptune’s horses. And Neptune was the god of the ocean. Now we know they are not horses at all — they are a kind of fish. They still seem as magical as ever, especially to divers who have watched them horsing around(瞎闯) in the sea. But today, sea horse populations face an uncertain future. Fishermen are catching too many of them, and their undersea habitats (栖息地) are being destroyed.
At least 20 million sea horses are taken from the ocean each year. More than 95% are used for traditional medicines in Asian countries. The sea horses are usually dried and then made into powder which is used to treat such problems as asthma(哮喘), throat infections, skin diseases and cuts. How well the medicines work is unclear.
Sea horses are also bought and sold in large numbers as pets. Sea horse expert Amanda Vincent warns against buying pet sea horses. “A lot of people treat them as if they’re goldfish,” she says. But sea horses require very special care and live food. Most captive (被猎取的) sea horses pick up diseases and die.
Sea horse experts are trying to teach fishermen to become sea horse farmers. Instead of pulling nets of sea horses from the ocean, fishermen could learn to raise them in specially designed saltwater “farms”. That way, fishermen would have sea horses to sell, but ocean populations would not be hurt.
Vincent and her team have only discovered the 35 different species of sea horses, and they still have plenty of sea horse secrets left to unlock. That is why, Vincent told TFK, protecting future sea horse populations is especially important: “I promise your readers that by the time they grow up to be marine biologists, we’ll still have a lot to learn.”
小题1:In the past, Romans thought the sea horse to be ______.
A.a kind of horseB.a kind of fish
C.the god of the ocean D.one of Neptune’s pets
小题2:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.People in Asian countries hunt sea horses for food.
B.Most sea horses caught are used as medicine.
C.The effects of the powder of sea horses are uncertain.
D.35 different kinds of sea horses have been discovered.
小题3:The underlined phrase “pick up” in Paragraph 3 probably means “______”.
A.followB.collectC.getD.create
小题4:It can be inferred that the best way to protect sea horses is to ______.
A.do more research on sea horses
B.teach fishermen how to farm sea horses
C.stop hunting sea horses
D.ban the sea horse trade

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
The south and east of the Great Lakes is famous for the huge amounts of snow it receives. When the snow starts to fall every year, people start discussing the phrase “lake-effect snow”.
Lake-effect snow which is influenced by the movement of cold air over the relatively warm water of the Great Lakes often comes in late autumn and early winter. Because of the at least 20 degrees’ difference between the lake water and the overrunning air, it’s easy to form huge amounts of snow.
As the cool air crosses the water of Great Lakes, the lowest levels of the atmosphere begin to warm and pick up moisture. This newly warmed atmosphere is lighter than the cold air above it, so it starts rising. As the changed air continues to climb higher and higher, it finally meets much colder atmosphere which changes the moisture into water drops and ice, forming clouds. After this course repeats a number of times, the clouds become heavier and heavier, and then they are changed into snow and fall down.
The most important point that decides the amount of snowfall is the direction of the wind. If the wind runs perpendicularly(垂直地)across the lake, there won’t be plenty of time for clouds to develop. However, if the wind runs in the opposite direction, clouds will form easily. The longer the cold air travels over the lake, the more moisture it is able to produce, which leads to a greater amount of snow.
The largest amount of the lake-effect snow was found across the U.P. of Michigan, the northwestern Pennsylvania and the far southwestern and northwestern New York, which are all along the south or east of the Great Lakes. It has been over 100 inches of snowfall in a winter season.
小题1:The level of the snowfall depends on ________.
A.the size of the lake
B.the direction of the wind
C.the temperature of the lake
D.the strength of the wind
小题2:From the passage, we can learn that ________.
A.clouds are easy to produce with the help of the perpendicular wind
B.cold air always falls down and picks up moisture to form clouds
C.the temperature of the lake water is the same as the overrunning air’s above it
D.the longer journey of the cold atmosphere can make a grater amount of snow
小题3:The passage is mainly about ________.
A.the influences of the lake-effect snow for local people
B.the weight between moisture and atmosphere
C.how the phrase “lake-effect snow” comes in New York
D.how the lake-effect snow forms around the Great Lakes

题型:不详难度:| 查看答案
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