A sandstorm, also known as a dust storm, is exactly what it sounds like. A very
题型：不详难度：来源：
A sandstorm, also known as a dust storm, is exactly what it sounds like. A very strong windstorm especially in the desert carries clouds of sand or dust that greatly reduces visibility. This wind is usually caused by convection currents (对流气流), which are created by intense heating of the ground, and is usually strong enough to move entire sand dunes. Air is unstable when heated, and this instability in the air will cause higher winds to mix with winds in the lower atmosphere, producing strong surface winds.
Sandstorms can disturb people’s travel, and can sometimes destroy whole roads, and dry flat areas. Similar dust storms can be found on the planet Mars, and are thought to be seasonal. Today, the destruction of forests and too much farming of farmland can lead to sandstorms. Too much use of water resources can also cause sandstorms.
In the United States of America, sandstorms are rare because of the lack of large deserts and more importantly the development of proper agricultural techniques. The last recorded destructive sandstorm in American history was the Dust Bowl, which occurred on July 16, 1971 and was widely recorded by meteorologists (气象学家).
To protect themselves from sandstorms, some people wear protective suits. Special equipment can be fixed in some cars to prevent sand from getting into the engine. Sandstorms can cause coughs, and the sand and dust has also been known to carry “infectious diseases”. Sand particles, unlike dust ones, will block air passages, and cause a person who breathes them in to choke. Dust particles may cause an allergic (过敏的) reaction.
小题1:Which of the following plays the first part in forming sandstorms? | A．The instability of the sand. | | B．The instability of the wind. | | C．The intense heating of the ground. | | D．The speed of the wind. |
小题2:From the second paragraph, we can learn that at present _______. | A．sandstorms are more often seen on Mars than on Earth | | B．sandstorms have led to the lack of clean water resources | | C．farming brings more harm than benefits to humans | | D．human activities are a major cause of sandstorms |
小题3:The author will most probably agree that ________. | A．there will soon be no sandstorms in the USA | | B．humans haven’t thought of any way to deal with sandstorms | | C．death caused by sandstorms is increasing all the time | | D．humans should make more efforts to stop soil turning into desert |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:D |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了沙尘暴的形成和危害，已经如何防止沙尘暴。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：This wind is usually caused by convection currents (对流气流), which are created by intense heating of the ground,可知沙尘暴的最初形成是因为地面的热量。选C
小题2:细节题;从第二段的句子：Today, the destruction of forests and too much farming of farmland can lead to sandstorms. Too much use of water resources can also cause sandstorms. 可知现在沙尘暴的形成主要是人的活动。选D
小题3:推理题：从第三段的句子;In the United States of America, sandstorms are rare because of the lack of large deserts and more importantly the development of proper agricultural techniques.可知作者认为人类应该努力不让泥土变成沙漠。选D
点评：文章介绍了沙尘暴的形成和危害，已经如何防止沙尘暴。内容比较适中，对于考生的能力要求不高，只要认真细致阅读，不难发现答案。可以先看题目再读文章，这样可以提高阅读的速度。还要准确定位考点。特别是推理题，要结合上下文的暗示做题，掌握方法是关键。 |
举一反三
There are two factors which determine an individual"s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared (培养). If an individual is handicapped (妨碍) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.
The importance of environment in determining an individual"s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark"s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.
小题1:This passage can be best titled_________.| A．Intelligence and Environment | | B．Measuring Your Intelligence | | C．The Case of Peter and Mark | | D．How the brain Influences Intelligence |
小题2:According to the passage, the average I.Q. is _____.小题3:The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.| A．individual with identical brains seldom test at same level | | B．an individual"s intelligence is determined only by his environment | | C．changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain | | D．lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence |
小题4:This passage suggests that an individual"s I.Q.______.| A．can be increased by education | | B．stays the same throughout his life | | C．can be predicted at birth | | D．is determined by his childhood |
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Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate, you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo(竹子) . Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly(蝴蝶) will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied(多样化) diet . The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
小题1:We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.| A．depend on one sense in choosing food | | B．are not satisfied with their food | | C．choose food in similar ways | | D．eat entirely different food |
小题2:Which of the following eats only one type of food?| A．The white butterfly. | B．The small bird. | | C．The bear. | D．The fox. |
小题3:Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.| A．the season changes | | B．the food color changes | | C．they move to different places | | D．they are attracted by different smells |
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It’s a sure sign that summer is over and winter is on the way — leaves that were once deep green turn red, yellow and bright orange. It happens every autumn. But did you ever wonder why?
The leaves start changing color when the nights start getting longer and the temperature starts getting cooler. Some scientists think that as the number of daylight hours shrinks, the leaves stop making chlorophyll which makes plants green. The reason is that the process of making chlorophyll requires sunlight. But according to horticulture (园艺) educator Susan Rose from Colorado State University, it turns out leaves don’t really change color at all. “The fall colors are actually there all along,” she said. “But they are covered by the green chlorophyll. As the chlorophyll stops being produced, the other colors can shine through.”
The kind of color that the leaves are going to change to is determined by the plant’s genetic (基因的) background. In some places, the leaves start changing color in September — before autumn even officially begins. In other places, they don’t change until late October or even November. Some scientists say the leaves have been changing color later than usual in recent years. And they think global warming has something to do with that.
In one study, researchers found that the growing season in the Northern Hemisphere was nearly a week longer, on average, in 2008 than it was in 1982. And a professor from Harvard University found that the leaves, west of Boston, Massachusetts, are changing color about three days later than they used to. However, other scientists disagree with the global warming theory. Susan Rose said the leaves in her part of Colorado are changing “right on schedule.” But the leaves in other parts of that state are running a little late. “The lateness in the mountains may have something to do with the really warm late summer and early fall,” she said. “But I’m afraid that’s just a guess.”
小题1:According to Susan Rose, _____.| A．the fall colors are always in leaves | | B．leaves make chlorophyll all the seasons | | C．leaves’ changing color have nothing to with the weather | | D．leaves begin changing color because they start making chlorophyll |
小题2:The underlined word “shrinks” in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by _____.| A．reduces | B．increases | C．lasts | D．appears |
小题3:Scientists guess leaves change color later than usual probably as a result of _____.| A．genetic background | B．dry weather | | C．global warming | D．low temperature |
小题4:The purpose of the last paragraph is to tell readers _____.| A．why leaves change color at fall | | B．leaves change color at different time | | C．the effects of the global warming on plants | | D．different opinions on the lateness of leaves’ changing color |
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Since people first sent rockets into space in the 1950s, we have been leaving behind all sorts of things. Some of them, like the camera, were lost by astronauts while they did work outside their spaceship. But much of the space junk is made up of little pieces of things that were once bigger objects, until they struck each other and broke apart.
Some things we send into space fall back toward the earth and burn up in the atmosphere. But larger pieces sometimes survive the extreme heat and hit the ground or the ocean at great speeds. So there is always concern that something may fall from the sky and do some harm.
But space junk falling on housetops (屋顶) is not the biggest worry. Scientists are concerned about what happens when an empty rocket strikes another while orbiting (绕轨道飞行) the earth. Two big things become many smaller things. They then hit other things. The pieces get smaller and smaller until they form a cloud of junk that blocks the path of future space vehicles.
So what can be done to clean up the space around our planet? Marco Castronuovo, an Italian researcher, talks about sending a satellite into space that would get very close to some of the larger pieces of space junk. The satellite would connect a small rocket to the useless object. When the rocket explodes, it pushes the junk into a lower and slower orbit, nearer the earth. After a time, the junk burns up in the atmosphere.
Mr. Castronuovo has proposed (提议) using a number of small satellites with robotic arms. One arm would catch the space junk, and another arm would connect the rocket. He imagines that each satellite would jump from one large piece of junk to another. He thinks this method could destroy about ten large objects each year.
Scientists have been concerned about space junk for many years. Right now, the costs of the clean-up have been too great. Mr. Castronuovo says his system could be put in place for a much more reasonable amount of money.
小题1:Much of the space junk _____.| A．was thrown by the astronauts | | B．is from broken spaceship | | C．is made up of small pieces of things | | D．returns to the earth piece by piece |
小题2:Scientists are most worried that the space junk _____.| A．will stop the future space vehicles | | B．will do harm to the atmosphere | | C．will fall on the housetops | | D．will burn up in space |
小题3:What does Marco Castronuovo think of his system?| A．It can remove space junk completely. | | B．It can save a large amount of money. | | C．It can create a large amount of space. | | D．It can develop robotic technology. |
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Maybe you are an average(一般的) student. You probably think you will never be a top student. However, anyone can become better if he or she does his or her best. Here are some tips to help you.
★ Plan your time carefully. You should plan your time for things such as eating, sleeping and dressing. Then make a good, regular time for studying. But don’t forget to set enough time for entertainment.
★ Keep your study quiet and clean. The study should have a desk, a chair and some study materials, but no games, no radio and no television! When you sit down to study, you can put your heart into it. Make good use of your time.
★ Listen to everything that the teacher says. Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
★ After you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points. If you know what your teacher is going to discuss next day, read the material. It will help you study better.
★ Develop a good attitude to tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. It helps you know what you are not good at. The world will still go on even if you fail in a test, so don’t be too worried.
小题1:How many tips are mentioned in the passage?| A．Three. | B．Four. | C．Five. | D．Six. |
小题2:What does the underlined word “study” mean in Chinese?小题3:Which is a good place for studying?| A．A clean and beautiful place. | | B．The place with a computer. | | C．The place with a television and a radio. | | D．A quiet place with a chair, a desk and some study materials. |
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true?| A．The purpose of a test is to show what you are good at. | | B．After class, you should review what you have learned. | | C．You should listen to your teacher and take notes carefully in class. | | D．When you plan your time, you should think of the time for eating, sleeping and so on. |
小题5:What’s the passage mainly about?| A．How to become a better student. | B．How to plan your time. | | C．How to study English. | D．How to take notes. |
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