The earth is not the only body that travels around the sun. With it are eight ot
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The earth is not the only body that travels around the sun. With it are eight other planets, fellow members of the sun’s family.
Two of them, Mercury (水星) and Venus, are nearer while the other six, namely Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto, also in their given order from the sun, are farther from the sun than the earth is. The farther they are, the longer trips they make around the sun. People noticed long ago that these traveling bodies moved around in the sky in definite paths. It is a force called gravity that holds them in their paths.
We know that every little bit of matter in the universe pulls upon every other bit of matter. The pull between two bodies is proportional (成比例的) to the product of their masses. Because the sun is so large the pull between the sun and the planets are thus great. If it were not for this pull, the planets would fly off into space. In the same way there exists a pull between the earth and the moon, which keeps the moon traveling in its orbit around our planet, the earth. Gravity holds you to its surface, and pulls back to it the ball which you throw into the air. Of course the ball also pulls on the larger earth but the earth is so much larger that the pull is not noticed.
Now remember that large bodies exert a greater pull than smaller ones which contain less material. But each object in the universe, no matter how small, pulls on all other objects to some degree.
小题1:There are ________ that travel around the sun in the sun’s family.| A．nine planets | B．eight planets | | C．one star and ten planets | D．the earth and the sun |
小题2:Which two planets make the longest trips around the sun among all the planets in the solar system?| A．Mercury and Venus. | B．Neptune and Pluto. | | C．Saturn and Uranus. | D．Mars and Jupiter. |
小题3:From the passage we can see__________| A．all the objects, big or small, must exert the same pull on one another | | B．large objects exert the same pull on anybody as small objects | | C．small objects exert the same on large ones | | D．each object in the universe exerts a pull on all other objects |
小题4:From the sentence “The pull between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses.” We can infer that the pull between__________| A．the sun and the moon is greater than between the sun and the earth | | B．the earth and the moon is greater than that between the sun and the earth | | C．the sun and the earth is greater than that between the earth and the moon | | D．the sun and the earth is the same as that between the earth and the moon |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:C |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了太阳系围绕太阳转的星球相互的关系，引力的大小并且解释了这种现象的原因。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：The earth is not the only body that travels around the sun. With it are eight other planets, fellow members of the sun’s family.可知共有9个星球围绕着太阳转。选A。
小题2:细节题：从第二段的句子：Neptune and Pluto, also in their given order from the sun, are farther from the sun than the earth is. The farther they are, the longer trips they make around the sun. 可知Neptune and Pluto.是绕太阳的路程最远。选B
小题3:细节题：从最后一段的句子：But each object in the universe, no matter how small, pulls on all other objects to some degree.可知答案是D
小题4:句意理解题：从后面的句子：Because the sun is so large the pull between the sun and the planets are thus great.可知体积越大，天体的引力就越大。选C
点评：本文属于科普文章，细节题居多，答题时在文章找到对应的地方，用笔进行标记，这有利于后期有时间检查时可以立刻找到答案的位置。仔细理解作者所讲的意思，再结合选项，通过排除法和自己对全文的把握，选出正确答案。 |
举一反三
It’s true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There’s also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2010 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that: “The global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activity.”
You may not believe that humans could change the planet’s climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible (看不见的) blanket.
Of course, the earth’s climate has always been changing due to “natural” factors such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere – not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it: “If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why aren’t carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?”
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths – one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.
小题1:In most scientists’ opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by ________.| A．solar activity | B．volcanic activity | | C．natural factors | D．human factors |
小题2:The text is developed by ________.| A．giving typical examples | | B．following the order of space | | C．analyzing a theory and arguing it | | D．comparing and finding differences |
小题3:The underline word “identical” in the last paragraph probably means ________.| A．totally different | B．exactly the same | | C．extremely important | D．partly independent |
小题4:Which of the following is not the cause of climate change?| A．volcanic eruption | | B．cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun | | C．changes in solar | | D．floods and droughts |
小题5:Which of the following can be the best title?| A．Are All the Scientists Really Scientific? | | B．Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to? | | C．Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming? | | D．What’s the Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases? |
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Not long ago the movie 2012 came into screen．The people were threatened by those scenes of destroying flood, severe earthquake, terrifying hurricane and constructions representing human civilization being destroyed and even swallowed by disaster．Luckily, they are just the director" s imagination, but the present situation is not heading a positive direction, either．
Take my own experience in Alaska as an example．Once I took a trip to the glacier．Along the way there stood signposts marking the snow lines of different years．They started from the foot of the mountain, but it was at the top that I finally saw melting glaciers（融化的冰川）．My heart ached seeing the beautiful blue ice melting at every second．
Sad but true, they are the effects of global warming and the result of our human impact．Furthermore, each year the rising sea level will kill 56 million people, and that" s about the population of the entire Italy．According to studies, if the temperature keeps on rising like this, by the year 2050, some islands and coastal cities including New York, Shanghai, Tokyo and Sydney will be drowned in water．
Our fortune is in our own hands．It depends on us to shape our future, to reduce future human impact and find ways to form a peaceful relationship with our environment. Therefore, it"s time for actions to be taken right now．Contribute a little to energy saving by using more efficient light bulbs and less hot water．Let recycle become our habit by thinking twice before throwing something away．Let us take public transportation as our first choice when going to a certain place．It might cost more time for now, but it" s to the benefit of a permanent future．Take care of every tree and grass around us by watering them or simply just avoid destroying them．
In a word, small drops of water make a big ocean． The earth does not belong to us．On the contrary, we belong to the earth． Please bear in mind that the earth is our home．It is our responsibility to build a brighter and better future of our planet and prevent what happened in the movie 2012 from becoming reality．
小题1:Why does the author talk about the movie 2012 in the passage ? __________.| A．To give example． | B．To lead into the topic． | | C．To make prediction． | D．To provide the evidence． |
小题2:How did the author feel when he took a trip to the glacier? ____________.| A．Worried． | B．Puzzled． | C．Scared． | D．Bored． |
小题3:It can be inferred from the third paragraph that .| A．56 million people in Italy have been killed owing to the rising sea level | | B．Some islands and coastal cities will be drowned in water by the year of 2050 | | C．Human beings will be in danger if we don"t take actions to prevent the global warming | | D．It is certain that what happened in the movie 2012 will come into reality |
小题4:According to the passage, you are advised to .| A．drive our own private cars instead of taking buses to some place | | B．recycle everything that is used | | C．go to see the movie 2012 at once | | D．work together to take good care of our planet |
小题5:What does the author mean by saying "small drops of water make a big ocean"? | A．Think twice before taking action. | | B．It"s our duty to protect the ocean． | | C．Everyone together can make a difference． | | D．It"s important to save every drop of water． |
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If you get a cellphone call, your sleeve(袖子) will soon be able to answer it. If you want to know how far you’ve run, your trousers will be able to tell you. Can’t decide what to wear? Wish your clothes were smart enough to decide for you? A new computer science technology may be able to help your clothing to do just that.
Mark Jones, a computer scientist, says, "We view electronic textiles (电子纺织品) as, sort of, where computing meets the fabric (编织品)."
This high-tech marriage is bringing up the wearable computers, like trousers that can interpret movement and let a computer know your every move.
A loom (织布机) helps make the wires and fabric together. Then special equipment in the fabric can measure the speed. Signals are then sent from the trousers to a computer to show the process.
Tom Martin also says, "E-textiles are a way for us to build wearable computers that look like normal clothing and can fit in fully with the environment."
Researchers also hope wearable computers will help save lives. "We will be able to tell what activity a person is doing. That sort of information is highly valuable when we’re trying to monitor someone with a long-term illness such as heart disease," Jones says. Monitoring your every step is something that clever clothing can do a little easier. Researchers plan on developing more smart clothes to integrate computers into shirts, hats and gloves.
小题1:What does the underlined word "marriage" refer to in the passage?| A．The special equipment in the fabric used to measure the speed of our movement. | | B．The unity（结合）of fabric and computing materials to make smart clothes. | | C．Wearable computers which fit in with the environment. | | D．The influence of electronics and computer science technology. |
小题2:How will smart clothes be able to know the wearer’s every movement?| A．There are the wires and fabric together. | | B．There are signals in the smart clothes. | | C．The computer built into them will control their every movement. | | D．The clothing will have special equipment fixed into the fabric. |
小题3:The reason that people need smart clothes is that __________.| A．people are too lazy to decide what to wear | | B．scientists want to prove their intelligence | | C．smart clothes can provide information about the wearer’s health | | D．smart clothes are as cheap as normal clothes |
小题4:What is the best title for the passage?| A．Connecting Clothes with High Technology | | B．New Ways to Discover Illnesses Early | | C．How to Use a Computer | | D．Smart Clothes and Exercise |
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Wildlife faces threats(威胁)from habitat destruction, pollution, and other human actions. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions.
1．Create wildlife friendly areas in your backyard.
When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter to native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution. And bird or bat houses to your yard or garden to attract and shelter these species.
2．Avoid harming the natural ecosystem(生态系统)in your area.
Some plants from other places can kill or harm native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife.
3．Have a greener lifestyle.
By using less water and fewer fuels, you will be helping to protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway when you can, turn off electric devices when you"re not using them, take shorter showers, and keep your room temperature at or below 68 degrees during the winter.
4．Buy products that are wildlife friendly.
Don"t buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, catches or hunters who are after other wildlife within the same habitat.
5．Donate money or time to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats.
You can give money to organizations or groups that protect wildlife species in your neighborhood.
小题1:We infer that the purpose of this passage is to________.| A．tell us why protecting wildlife is extremely important now | | B．suggest that we protect wildlife through actions | | C．explain why protecting wildlife is not as hard as people think | | D．give us some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions |
小题2:Which of the following threats to wildlife is NOT mentioned in the passage?| A．Animal diseases. | | B．Loss of habitat. | | C．Pollution. | | D．Hunters. |
小题3:In which section of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?| A．Environment | B．Teaching | | C．Business | D．Geography |
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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1________
Examinations are almost always stressful Students rarely know exactly what to expect on the test, and those who suffer from exam fear or exam anxiety can see their grades suffer as a result of this stress. For some students，exam fear causes them to “ seize up ’’ and forget what they have studied.
2______Good study habits and learning how to relax can help students overcome exam fear.
3 ______According to Penn State University and Kids Health，proper study habits and preparation are the keys to cutting out exam fear. Avoid last-minute “cramming” for exams and actively listen while in class.
Focus on positive thoughts, relax the night before your test and reward yourself after the test is over. Often, people who suffer from exam anxiety cannot shut out negative thoughts or emotions about the test, and this can contribute to feeling more anxiety than normal 4______
Keep your mind and body healthy by getting enough sleep, eating well and exercising. Healthier people who are well-rested often do better on exams.
5_____ Exam fear is normal When that anxiety severely interferes (干扰)with your ability to take the test, however, outside help might be needed. Ask your teachers and family for support and help.| A．How To Succeed hi An Exam | | B．How To Overcome Exam Fear | | C．Develop good study habits. | | D．Understand that you are not alone and ask for help if necessary. |
E. Remind yourself that it’s just one test and that you can get through it
F. Battling this type of performance anxiety can be hard, but it is not impossible.
G. Remind yourself to read the instructions carefully. |
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