Wildlife faces threats(威胁)from habitat destruction, pollution, and other human a
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Wildlife faces threats(威胁)from habitat destruction, pollution, and other human actions. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions.
1．Create wildlife friendly areas in your backyard.
When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter to native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution. And bird or bat houses to your yard or garden to attract and shelter these species.
2．Avoid harming the natural ecosystem(生态系统)in your area.
Some plants from other places can kill or harm native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife.
3．Have a greener lifestyle.
By using less water and fewer fuels, you will be helping to protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway when you can, turn off electric devices when you"re not using them, take shorter showers, and keep your room temperature at or below 68 degrees during the winter.
4．Buy products that are wildlife friendly.
Don"t buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, catches or hunters who are after other wildlife within the same habitat.
5．Donate money or time to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats.
You can give money to organizations or groups that protect wildlife species in your neighborhood.
小题1:We infer that the purpose of this passage is to________.| A．tell us why protecting wildlife is extremely important now | | B．suggest that we protect wildlife through actions | | C．explain why protecting wildlife is not as hard as people think | | D．give us some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions |
小题2:Which of the following threats to wildlife is NOT mentioned in the passage?| A．Animal diseases. | | B．Loss of habitat. | | C．Pollution. | | D．Hunters. |
小题3:In which section of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage?| A．Environment | B．Teaching | | C．Business | D．Geography |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:A |
解析
试题分析：本文讲述的任何通过保护环境来保护野生动物方面的一些建议。
小题1:D 细节题。根据第一段最后一句Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions.说明本文给出的是一些如何保护动物的建议，故D正确。
小题2:A 细节题。根据文章第一句Wildlife faces threats(威胁)from habitat destruction, pollution, and other human actions.和倒数第二段Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, catches or hunters who are after other wildlife within the same habitat.说明BCD三项都是文章所提及影响动物的内容，只有A项没有涉及到。故A符合要求。
小题3:A 推理题。根据文章第一段内容可知本文是关于要通过保护环境来保护野生动物，故最有可能出现在报纸上的环境保护部分的，故A正确。
点评：本文所设试题主要考察细节查找，对于文章中的细节题，要注意文本内容的理解。关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题支和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。带着问题，再读全文，找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读。 |
举一反三
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1________
Examinations are almost always stressful Students rarely know exactly what to expect on the test, and those who suffer from exam fear or exam anxiety can see their grades suffer as a result of this stress. For some students，exam fear causes them to “ seize up ’’ and forget what they have studied.
2______Good study habits and learning how to relax can help students overcome exam fear.
3 ______According to Penn State University and Kids Health，proper study habits and preparation are the keys to cutting out exam fear. Avoid last-minute “cramming” for exams and actively listen while in class.
Focus on positive thoughts, relax the night before your test and reward yourself after the test is over. Often, people who suffer from exam anxiety cannot shut out negative thoughts or emotions about the test, and this can contribute to feeling more anxiety than normal 4______
Keep your mind and body healthy by getting enough sleep, eating well and exercising. Healthier people who are well-rested often do better on exams.
5_____ Exam fear is normal When that anxiety severely interferes (干扰)with your ability to take the test, however, outside help might be needed. Ask your teachers and family for support and help.| A．How To Succeed hi An Exam | | B．How To Overcome Exam Fear | | C．Develop good study habits. | | D．Understand that you are not alone and ask for help if necessary. |
E. Remind yourself that it’s just one test and that you can get through it
F. Battling this type of performance anxiety can be hard, but it is not impossible.
G. Remind yourself to read the instructions carefully. |
Chicken feathers are useful, and not just to a chicken. Some go into pillows, coats and other products. But countless chicken feathers go to waste.
In the United States, billions of chickens are produced yearly. Most of their feathers are thrown away.
But instead of being buried in land, some feathers could find a future in plastics（塑料）.
One of the products they have developed is a flowerpot（花盆）. It may look like other flowerpots. But the container breaks down in the earth within one to five years. And as it breaks down, it naturally becomes nutrient（营养物） in the soil.
The environmentally friendly flowerpot is the work of two researchers. Walter Schmidt is with the Agricultural Research Service, part of the United States Agriculture Department. Masud Huda is with the Horticultural Research Institute, a private（私人） organization（组织）.
Walter Schmidt has been working to find uses for chicken feathers since the 1990s. Progress in 2002 showed that plastic made from feathers could be formed like other plastics.
He says feathers are much stronger and last（持续） longer than another plant material. "Feathers are stronger. By design, feathers are also more durable（耐用的）. And the other part about it is if feathers were twice as heavy, or half as strong, then birds couldn"t fly."
He points out that traditional flowerpots made from other plastics can last much longer. But he wonders if there is really a need. He says most flowerpots are never re-used.
"Why would you want a plastic that you use for a year to last for two hundred years? It makes no sense. You want to match the product with the use." said Walter Schmidt.
Walter Schmidt and Masud Huda are now adding another chicken product to their flowerpots -- chicken waste. The waste will add more nutrients to the soil as the pot breaks down. The scientists say they hope their flowerpot will be on the market in a year or two.
小题1:What do people mainly deal with feathers?| A．Feathers are used to make pillows, coats and other products. | | B．Most feathers are paid no attention to. | | C．Most feathers are used as nutrient | | D．Most feathers are used to make flowerpots |
小题2:What’s the advantage of the flowerpots?| A．They won’t last long. | B．They can’t break | | C．They are environmentally friendly | D．They can be reused |
小题3:What does Walter Schmidt think of traditional flowerpots?| A．Too heavy | B．Too old | | C．Never re-used | D．lasting longer but unnecessary |
小题4:What do you think is the main idea of the passage?| A．Chicken and its feathers | B．How to deal with feathers | | C．feathers made into flowerpot | D．New flowerpots |
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To me, the ocean is our greatest wilderness. I love swimming in it , surfing its waves, watching it from shore and thinking about all the life living unseen under the surface.
When I take my little kids to check out tide pools, we’re overjoyed when we find a sea star or some shellfish. Lately, though, I"ve noticed a change in my favorite pools: there are more sea grasses and fewer animals with shells.
I can"t help feeling these small changes portend something more troubling about our oceans. It matches what scientists are telling us: our oceans are being troubled by carbon dioxide that threatens corals, colorful fish, salmon, sea otters, even whales. Our oceans are facing a major change.
Every hour, a million tons of carbon dioxide from cars, factories and power plants rain down on the world’s oceans. Carbon pollution brings about a chemical reaction that turns sea water more acidic (酸的) and takes away things important for sea animals .
Some of us are already feeling the effects of this growing crisis（危机）. Shellfish farmers in the Pacific Northwest have reported a decrease in natural and farmed oysters(牡蛎). Just this week, a new studyproved the link between the huge reduction in the numbers of oysters and ocean acidification. As polar waters become more acidic, Alaskan fishermen are troubled by the future of smaller fish.
Without action, ocean acidification will have a disastrous influence on the food chain, affecting not only sea life but the people who depend on it for food and their living. Already, our oceans have become 30 percent more acidic since preindustrial times, and it gets worse every day. We can stop this frightening dream, but only if we act now.
That"s why the Center for Biological Diversity has started a petition (请愿书) requesting President Obama and the Environmental Protection Agency to develop a plan to deal with ocean acidification. Decisive action can save sea life as we know it.
Now it isn’t too late to save our oceans and sea life. With immediate action to reduce carbon dioxide release we can start taking important steps today to deal with this disastrous situation. Join me in our petition calling for a national plan to save our oceans.
小题1:The author’s recent visits to the tide pool brought her ___ .| A．happiness | B．anger | C．concern | D．comfort |
小题2:The underlined word “portend” in Paragraph 3 probably means ___ .| A．predict | B．prevent | C．replace | D．reduce |
小题3:What the author worries about most is ____ .| A．the harm of sea grasses | | B．carbon pollution in the sea | | C．that the petition may be turned down | | D．how fishermen can make a living in the future |
小题4:What is the main purpose of the text ?| A．To inform. | B．To educate. | C．To persuade . | D．To instruct. |
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Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Do you want to live never to die? Some experts say, it will be not a dream one day. Modern technology will make it come true. Man will live more years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life.
“ I think we are knocking at the door of immortality,” said Michael, a professor and author of two books on human life expectancy. “I think by 2075 we will see it and it’s no longer a dream. Human’s life expectancy may have not limit.”
At the meeting in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School said advances in using genes as well as other technology make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. “There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,” he said. “Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 300 or 500 years.”
However, many scientists are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last more than about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and other parts of the body will finally lead all humans to death.
Scientists also hold different opinions on what kind of life man might live. “If you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life? It’s a big question.” said Leonard Poon, director of the university center. “At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all.”
小题1:The underlined word in the second paragraph probably means _____.| A．dying slowly | B．living longer | C．living forever | D．dying quickly |
小题2:Donald’s attitude is that______.| A．human beings may never die in the future | | B．it is not certain how long humans can live | | C．the human body can last about 120 years | | D．it is possible for man to live longer in the future |
小题3:What would be the best title for this text?| A．Living longer or not | B．Science and long living | | C．No limit for human life | D．Healthy lifestyle and living |
小题4:In the last sentence “get to that point” means ____.| A．get that idea | B．get to 120 years old | | C．know how to live forever | D．have good quality of life |
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When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strong happened to the large animals; they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived; the large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.
Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being over-fished has been known for years and researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) inanes fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative (保守的). One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around noise.
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
小题1:The aim of the extinction of large prehistoric animals is to suggest that _______. | A．large animal were not easy to survive in the changing environment | | B．small species survived as large animals disappeared | | C．large sea animals may face the same threat today. | | D．Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones |
小题2:We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that _______. | A．the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90% | | B．there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago | | C．the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount | | D．the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old |
小题3:By saying these figures are conservative (line 1, paragraph 3), Dr worm means that_______. | A．fishing technology has improved rapidly | | B．then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded | | C．the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss | | D．the date collected so far are out of date. |
小题4:Dr Myers and other researchers hold that _______. | A．people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time | | B．fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass | | C．the ocean biomass should restore its original level. | | D．people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation. |
小题5:The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ _______. | A．management efficiency | | B．biomass level | | C．catch-size limits | | D．technological application. |
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