Unlike many surfers who sought the perfect wave, my interests always lay beneath
题型：不详难度：来源：
Unlike many surfers who sought the perfect wave, my interests always lay beneath the sea" s surface in a world I could only imagine and dream of．When I was twelve, I made my first adventures in the deep．Later I would learn how to dive, expanding my world of exploration many times over．
Perhaps the greatest turning point in my life came when I was in high school and I wrote a letter to the famous Scripps Oceanographic Institution, asking how I might learn more about the sea．A kind scientist answered my letter and told me how to apply to Scripps for a summer scholarship, which I received．During one of their courses that summer, I met Dr．Robert Norris, a marine geologist．He loved the sea almost as much as I did．Soon he suggested I consider his school, the University of California, for my study．One year later I became a member of the freshman class．
Now my love affair with the sea became a serious endeavor（艰苦的努力）．If I wanted to be an undersea explorer, I needed to learn as much as I could about the laws of the physical world that controlled the environment I wanted to enter．The undersea world is not our natural world．It is unforgiving to those who make mistakes．At its greatest depths the water temperature is near freezing, the pressure is eight tons per square inch, and it is totally dark．It is easy to get lost in such a world．I needed to learn a lot about geography, navigation, geology, biology, and many other things．
I decided another important thing for me to do was to join the U．S．Navy．If I was going to be an undersea explorer, I would have to lead men and women on dangerous adventures where they might get hurt, and I didn"t want that to happen．
In the Navy I learned discipline, organization, and how to motivate and lead people on adventures so that we could explore the wonders of the deep．
Finally, the time came to put all that I had learned to use, to go forth with a team of men and women and explore an adventure I am still on and hope to be on for many years to come．
小题1:What happened to the author at the age of twelve?| A．He dreamed about undersea exploration． | | B．He began to swim under the deep water． | | C．He surfed on big waves for the first time． | | D．He learned to dive off the cliffs． |
小题2:In college, the author took many different types of courses because he| A．was told it was easy to get lost in exploration | | B．was advised to take them by Dr．Robert Norris | | C．thought they were needed to fully understand the ocean | | D．believed it would help him succeed in the Navy |
小题3:The author joined the Navy to ______．| A．develop his leadership skills | | B．get along with people under stress | | C．learn about the dangers of the ocean | | D．gather specific information about ocean life |
小题4:Which word can best describe the author?| A．Imaginative． | B．Optimistic． | C．Independent． | D．Ambitious． |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:D |
解析
试题分析：本文陈述了作者作为一个海洋世界的爱好，为了完成他探索海洋的梦想，为探索海底的奇观而不断地学习，研究的故事。
小题1:从第一段第三行I made my first adventures in the deep。Later I would learn how to dive,可以得知作者12岁时开始学习在深水游泳。
小题2:综合第二段及I needed to learn a lot about geography, navigation, geology, biology, and many other things可知作者认为：要完全理解海洋，学习这些都是必须的。
小题3:从第三段I would have to lead men and women on dangerous adventures 在危险深海冒险中，我要领导那些人，说明他参加海军的目的就是为了为了提高领导能力。
小题4:作者12岁时就开始学习在深水游泳，为了完成他探索海洋的梦想，他不断地学习，研究，还参加海军，说明作者是个有雄心的人。
4.点评：本文陈述了作者作为一个海洋世界的爱好，为了完成他探索海洋的梦想，为探索海底的奇观而不断地学习，研究的故事。文章所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题支和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。 |
举一反三
Some wonderfully creative uses of X-rays have been in the world of art．But the most impressive one is to uncover what has been covered up．Details unfolded by an X-ray of a painting can " t be seen any other way．For example, in the past, paintings were often repaired if small pieces of paint fell off the canvas （帆布）． These repairs cannot be seen just by looking at the painting．It takes an X-ray to discover where the repairs have been made．
An X-ray of a painting is one of the best ways to tell if it was created by a famous painter or if it is a forgery（赝品）．If there is a question as to whether an old master has painted a certain painting or not, X-rays are made and compared to those of paintings that are known to be original．If the brushstrokes （笔迹） , for example, are shown to be totally different than in other work done by a certain artist, then the painting is proved to be a fake copy．
Since modern paints are usually made from different materials than paints of hundreds of years ago, the image they leave on an X-ray film looks different．This is another way X-rays can be used to spot a forgery．A modem artist will try to make a forgery look hundreds of years old by painting dirty varnish on it or by using artificial means to get the varnish to look cracked．To the naked eye the forgery may look old, but when a careful study of the X-ray image is made, the deception is obvious．
It was common many years ago for an artist to finish a painting, decide it wasn"t any good, and paint a completely different picture on top of it．Or artists would paint over others" work —it was their version of recycling．Taking an X-ray is the only way to find out if there is a picture underneath the picture you see with your eyes．Sometimes museums will be more interested in the painting beneath than the one on top, and will restore the older one by having the top layer painstakingly removed．
小题1:What is the main purpose of the article?| A．To provide information to police who are looking for stolen art． | | B．To persuade art dealers to check for fake copies before selling art． | | C．To explain how modern technology can be applied in unique ways． | | D．To help artists restore damaged artwork to its original appearance． |
小题2:According to the passage，X-rays are used to ______．| A．make repairs on paintings in the past | | B．identify the authenticity of an artwork | | C．change the materials of a forgery | | D．remove the recyclable paints |
小题3:In Paragraph 3, the word "deception" probably means ______．| A．comparison | B．drawback | C．trickery | D．judgement |
小题4:Which is the best title for the passage?| A．X-ray Detectives | | B．Creative Uses of Technology | | C．Forgery Studies | | D．X-ray Painting Techniques |
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根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Should Good Sportsmanship Be Taught in School?
Almost everyone feels that it is important for young people to win fairly and show respect toward others．Should good sportsmanship, then, be taught in school? Critics do not think so． 1 Presented here are the most important benefits of teaching sportsmanship．
Teaching good sportsmanship and having a positive attitude in activities like sports, class elections, and science fair competitions are critical to success in school． 2 Acting calmly under pressure helps young adults succeed not only in sports but also in life．
3 A person cannot play by the rules if he or she does not understand what the rules are．Knowing the rules also applies to other activities．If students enter a science fair competition, for example, they must follow the guidelines． Those who know the rules are much more likely to succeed．When students learn sportsmanship, they discover, how knowing the rules relates to achievement．
Good players become skilled at handling responsibility．When people accept responsibility, they achieve their best．Positive thinkers, moreover, influence others, especially those who are struggling with a problem．A gifted basketball player, for example, might teach skills to a less-talented player．Helping others raises the performance of the entire team．The team, consequently, could reach new heights and set new records． 4 Those who do not practice sportsmanship pass off responsibility．For them, if an opportunity is lost, it is someone else" s fault．When students participate on a team, they benefit by learning to accept responsibility, encourage others and own up to（认错） mistakes．
Sportsmanship is a winning idea．It must be taught in school．Students need direction to become good sports"．Students will be responsible for their own actions and will have a positive influence on others．As students enter the workforce, businesses benefit．The community also benefits because these students will someday become leaders． 5 | A．We need to educate students about how sportsmanship pays off for everyone． | | B．However, the stronger argument favors teaching good sportsmanship． | | C．Sports help young adults learn how to team up with others． | | D．Good sportsmanship also means admitting mistakes． |
E．Activities involving winning or losing can be tense．
F．It is natural that players should be eager to win．
G．Good team players know the rules of the game． |
The idea of light pollution has developed with the increase of lights in cities. In many areas, this light makes it difficult or impossible to observe stars and planets in the night sky.
There are a number of reasons why light pollution is important. One has become clear at the Mount Wilson Observatory near Los Angeles, California. Today, light from Los Angeles makes the night sky above Mount Wilson very bright. It is no longer an important reasearch center because of light pollution.
Light pollution threatens to reduce the scientific value of research telescoples in other important observatories. They include Lick Observatory near San Jose, California and Yerkes Observatory near Chicago, Illionis.
Light pollution is the result of wasted energy. Bright light that shines into the sky is not being used to provide light where it is needed on Earth. Poorly designed lighting causes a great deal of light pollution. Lights that are brighter than necessary also cause light pollution.
Most people in America are surprised to find out that they are able to see our own galaxy(星系)，the Milky Way, with their own eyes. But about threefourths of Americans cannot see the Miky Way because of manmade light.
Objects in the night sky are resources that provide everyone with wonder. But light pollution threatens to prevent those wonderful sights from being seen.
小题1:Light pollution usually occurs________.| A．in cities | B．in the country | | C．in wild areas | D．in developing countries |
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．Mount Wilson Observatory is the most important one in America. | | B．Light pollution affects observatories only. | | C．In the dark night people can observe the sky clearly. | | D．Astronomers can observe the stars clearly by the lights of the cities. |
小题3:The victims affected by the light pollution are________.| A．children | B．grownups | C．students | D．observatories |
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Without plant, people could not live. We eat plants. We breathe the oxygen（氧气）that plants produce. And we need plants for another reason: we need them for their beauty.
Imagine a world with no plants. Imagine no flowers with their sweet smells, their beautiful colors and their lovely shapes. Imagine when the wind blows, not being able to hear the leaves in the trees or watch the branches sway（摇摆）from side to side.
Everywhere people need the beauty of plants. That is why we have parks full of trees and flowers. That is why people always try to design houses with room for some grass and a garden.
Do you talk to your plants? Do you give them love and attention?
Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, writers of a book called THE SECRET LIFE OF PLANTS, tell of an experiment in which two seeds were planted in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and hopeful ideas. The other plant was given only hopeless ideas. After six months, the loved plant was bigger. Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem (茎) and more leaves.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following is right?| A．If there are no flowers, there will be no sweet smells. | | B．Without plants, we can’t hear the wind. | | C．We plant trees to watch the branches sway from side to side. | | D．We need plants not only for food and oxygen but also for their beauty. |
小题2:In the experiment, the plants were________.| A．of different kinds | B．talked to in two different ways | | C．both given love and attention | D．grown in the same place |
小题3:At the end of six months,________.| A．one plant had longer roots than the other and had a thicker stem | | B．one plant had longer roots while the other had a thicker stem | | C．the plants were of the same size | | D．one plant had a thicker stem while the other plant had more leaves |
小题4:The experiment has proved（证明） that________-.| A．we should talk to plants and give them love | | B．without plants people could not live | | C．we should grow as many plants as possible | | D．plants need plenty of water, sunshine and attention |
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根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.
___1___ Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.
For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙). They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. ___2___
Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
___3___ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “___4___ Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”
Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. ___5___| A．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. | | B．They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. | | C．Expressing anger violently is more harmful than repressing it. | | D．Do not express your anger while angry. |
E. Anger may cause you a cancer.
F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.
G. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. |
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