Leadership is the art of getting someone to do something you want done because h
题型：不详难度：来源：
Leadership is the art of getting someone to do something you want done because he wants to do it. People naturally want to follow a good leader. After meeting with an effective leader it is not unusual to feel uplifted(情绪高涨), inspired, and motivated to work towards a common goal.
An effective leader makes others feel good about themselves, as well as the work they are doing. The leader has a vision(幻想)of what he or she wants to achieve, and can communicate that vision to others in a way that makes people want to be part of it. One thing a good leader typically does is to communicate the big picture, so that each employee can see how the particular role he or she plays makes a contribution to the final result.
Good leaders are positive and optimistic when they speak about the future. Their enthusiasm wins them plenty of supporters who help make their vision a reality.
Good leaders also understand that different people are motivated by different things. For employees motivated by a need for achievement, a leader explains how the task offers an opportunity to take on a challenge with an achievable goal. And employees are motivated by hearing how they will be part of a team of people working together.
Good leaders will introduce employees by name first, rather than job titles. They refer to employees as team members, companions, or colleagues, never as “servants”. Words have power, including the power to make people feel whether or not they are important to the success of an organization.
Good leaders believe that every team member matters and set up environments that make everyone feel important. It is no wonder they can attract the support they need to help them achieve their goals.
小题1:What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?| A．To tell us how to be a good leader at work. | | B．To describe the proper relationship between leaders and employees. | | C．To inform us of how leaders and employees should communicate. | | D．To show the optimism of a leader. |
小题2:What is the most important to be a good leader?| A．A good leader learns art very well. | | B．A good leader can promote employees. | | C．A good leader can satisfy all his or her employees. | | D．A good leader can make employees happy and willing in their work. |
小题3:What should a good leader do for an employee who wants to succeed at work?| A．To promote the employee to a leadership role. | | B．To draw a beautiful picture of the employee’s future. | | C．To encourage the employee to meet the challenges of his work. | | D．To let the staff know the important role the employee plays. |
小题4:We can infer from the passage that_________.| A．a good leader is always good at creating comfortable working conditions | | B．the support of employees is necessary for a leader to reach his goal | | C．names are much easier to remember than job titles | | D．the motivation of the employees all comes from the leader |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：本文详细描述了一个好的***需要什么样的品质，实际上也是在告诉我们怎么样才能成为一个优秀的***。
小题1:A 推理题。根据文章2,3,4段的第一句可知An effective leader makes others feel good about themselves, as well as the work they are doing. 和Good leaders are positive and optimistic when they speak about the future以及Good leaders believe that every team member matters and set up environments that make everyone feel important. 说明本文是关于一名优秀的***需要什么样的品质，也就是如何做一个好的***，故A项正确。
小题2:D 推理题。根据文章最后一段Good leaders believe that every team member matters and set up environments that make everyone feel important.说明好的***能创造出让每个人都感觉重要的环境，以及文章第二段最后3行One thing a good leader typically does is to communicate the big picture, so that each employee can see how the particular role he or she plays makes a contribution to the final result.说明好的***要让他的员工乐意为之工作，故D项正确。
小题3:C 推理题。根据第3段4,5行For employees motivated by a need for achievement, a leader explains how the task offers an opportunity to take on a challenge with an achievable goal. And employees说明***要鼓励激励他的员工努力工作为了自己的目标而奋斗，故C项正确。
小题4:B 推断题。根据文章最后2行It is no wonder they can attract the support they need to help them achieve their goals.说明***也需要员工的帮助才能实现自己的目标，故B项正确。
点评：本文详细描述了一个好的***需要什么样的品质，实际上也是在告诉我们怎么样才能成为一个优秀的***。要求考生在仔细阅读文章的基础之上，结合题目及选型的内容作出适当的延伸推理，最后进行选择。 |
举一反三
Has Tiger Mom gone soft? One year after the release of her book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, Amy Chua is back in the spotlight, reflecting on how overnight infamy (恶名) affected her life, her family and her parenting.
“I have changed a lot,” she told the Huffington Post. “In October, we had 30 kids at our house! We have hosted parties with lots of food and music.”
Last January, the Wall Street Journal published an excerpt (节选) from Chua’s book with the headline “Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior”. In the excerpt, Chua described how her daughters were never allowed to have sleepovers (在外过夜的儿童聚会), appear in school plays, or earn any grade lower than an A. Chua, an author and professor at Yale Law School, spent much of 2011 on the defensive. In fact, many of her interviews seemed to lend fuel to her critics’ fire.
Now, with the book out in paperback, she said, “I put passages in the book and used very harsh words that I regret. Everybody has those moments you wish you could take back.”
For those who still read Battle Hymn as an advice guide, Chua argues that so-called tiger parenting should be employed mainly during a child’s early years, ideally between the ages of 5 and 12. These “super-strict parenting tactics” are not meant for all ages. Remaining strict after middle school makes you a helicopter parent, according to Chua. And she is quick to point out how different that is from being a tiger mom.
“By the time kids get to high school, helicopter parents are hiring all these tutors, carrying their kids’ sports bags. I never checked older daughter Sophia’s papers because I knew she knew how to sit down and focus,” Chua said.
As for younger daughter Lulu, 15, the rebel for whom the book was written, Chua has really backed off. Instead of forcing Lulu to practise violin for hours a day—the source of their biggest fights, Chua “let her give that up”. “My compromise (妥协) is that I’m going to still be as strict academically, but in exchange she has a lot of social freedom. Lulu has had four sleepovers in the last two months!” Chua said. Chua predicts she’ll only get more easygoing with age.
小题1:What does the passage mainly tell us?| A．Tiger Mom has changed and wants to be soft. | | B．Tiger Mom persuaded readers to follow her example. | | C．How Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother came out. | | D．How Tiger Mom became the worldwide spotlight. |
小题2:From paragraph 1 we can know that after the publication of the book______________.| A．Tiger Mom became stricter with her children | | B．Tiger Mom was thought highly by the public | | C．Tiger Mom’s life and family were influenced | | D．Tiger Mom became wealthy and easygoing |
小题3:Lulu quarreled with her mother mainly over______________.| A．whether she could do well at school | | B．when she could have sleepovers | | C．what should be written in the book | | D．how long she practiced the violin |
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Most of us seem to reach our peak of alertness (警觉) around noon. Soon after that, alertness declines, and sleepiness may set in by mid-afternoon.
Your short-term memory is best during the morning—in fact, about 15 percent more efficient than at any other time of day. So, students, take notice: when you are faced with a morning exam, it really does pay to review your notes right before the test is given.
However, long-term memory is different. Afternoon is the best time for learning materials that you want to recall days, weeks or months later. Politicians, business executives or others who must learn speeches would be smart to do their memorizing during that time of day. You should try to do most of your studying in the afternoon, rather than late at night. Many students believe they memorize better while burning the midnight oil because their short-term recall is better during the early hours of the morning than in the afternoon. But short-term memory won’t help them much several days later, when they face the exam.
By contrast, we tend to do best on tasks related to the process of knowing, understanding, and learning numbers during the morning hours.
What about sports? During afternoon and early evening, you’re able to react the quickest to an outside stimulus—like a baseball speeding toward you. Studies have also shown that late in the day, when your body temperature is peaking, you will consider PE easier and less tiring—whether it actually is or not. That means you are more likely to work harder during a late afternoon or early evening workout, and therefore benefit more from it.
In fact, all of your senses—taste, sight, hearing, touch and smell—may be at their keenest during late afternoon and early evening. That could be why dinner usually tastes better to us than breakfast.
While all of us follow the same general pattern of ups and downs, the exact timing varies from person to person. It all depends on how your “biological” day is structured. Each of us can increase our knowledge about our individual rhythms. Learn how to listen to the inner beats of your body; let them set the pace of your day. You will live a healthier and happier life.
小题1:What does the underlined “it really does pay” mean? | A．It will cost a lot. | B．It requires price. | | C．It is very painful. | D．It is worthwhile. |
小题2:If there is an English exam two weeks later, you should go over English ____________ for days before that. | A．in the afternoon | B．in the late evening | | C．in the early morning | D．right before the exam |
小题3:From the passage, it can be inferred that ______________. | A．we eat more food at noon | | B．we feel most tired if we exercise in the evening | | C．it is a good choice to study math in the morning | | D．we feel most sleepy before noon |
小题4:Which would be the best title for the passage? | A．What’s Your Best Time of the Day for Different Tasks | | B．How to Live a Healthier and Happier Life | | C．How to Study Efficiently | | D．How to Keep Your Best State of Learning |
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The rising sea waters caused by global warming have inspired a Russian architect to design a hotel that could be built on water as well as land．The eco-friendly “Ark” could be constructed in just a few months anywhere in the world, the designer says．
It’s called “The Ark”，but looks more like a ship sitting upside down on the water．A new design by Russian architect A1exander Remizov challenges the tradition of land-based hotel and would provide a shelter in the future—should the world face a modern-day flood as described in the Bible．
The building of the hotel could be fast and simple．“Prefabricated（预制装配的）section could be put together in three to four months,” Remizov said． The versatile（万能的）structure could be constructed in most corners of the earth, even in earthquake-prone areas．Constructing “The Ark"—which would include 14 000 square meters of living space‑‑‑would cost roughly the same as building an energy-efficient house． The self-supporting structure would be built around a central post, connecting wind generators and heat pumps on its roof with the basement，where solar，wind，and thermal（热量的）energy could be stored and turned into electricity． Remizov has designed the building without glass，choosing instead the lasting and self-cleaning foil（箔）that could defend itself against rough weather conditions．That foil would be fastened to metals，which would also collect rainwater．The building would also feature an indoor jungle, creating its microclimate．
小题1:What’s the purpose of designing “The Ark,?” | A．To prevent flood happening． | B．To draw the public’s attention | | C．To secure people from flood． | D．To attract more tourists． |
小题2:Which of the following might be the shortest time to make the parts of "The Ark”?| A．14 months． | B．3 months． | C．4 months． | D．7 months． |
小题3:What is the main difference between the hotel designed by Ale Remizov and other hotels?| A．It can be built on water． | B．It is energy-efficient． | | C．It is eco-friendly． | D．It has enough living space． |
小题4:What characteristics will the new hotel have?| A．A climate with no rain will form around the hotel． | | B．The material can protect the hotel from bad weather． | | C．A power station will be built in the hotel． | | D．Bricks will be used as the materials instead of glass． |
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My students often tell me that they don’t have “enough time” to do all their schoolwork．
My reply is often a brief “You have as much time as the president．”I usually carry on a bit about there being twenty-four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that “not enough time” is not an acceptable explanation of not getting something done．
Once in graduate school，I tried to prove to one of my professors by saying that I was working hard．His answer to me was． “That’s irrelevant（无关的）．What’s important is the quality of your work． ” Since then I have had time to think carefully about the “hard worker” dodge（诀窍），and I have come to some conclusions—all relevant to the problem of how much time we have．
If you analyze the matter, you can identify two parts of the prob1em：There is, of course，the matter of “time”, which we call think of as fixed． Then there is the problem of “work” during that time． But, as my professor suggested, it’s not how hard one works but the quality of the product that’s important．
That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work．That concept is perhaps best explained by a sign I once saw on the wall in someone s office: “Don"t work harder． Work smarter．” There is a lot of sense in that idea．
If you can’t get more time，and few of US can，the only solution is to improve the quality of the work．That means thinking of ways to get more out of the same time than we might otherwise get．That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits．Since “work” for students usually means “homework”, the expression “work habits’ should be read as “study habits”．
Then, as a smart student，you will seek to improve those skills that you use in study, chiefly reading and writing． If you learn to read better and write better，there are big advantages that pay off in all your studies．
小题1:From the passage，we know that the author is probably ．| A．a poet | B．an educator | C．a novelist | D．an engineer |
小题2:We can infer from the 2nd paragraph that we students still ．| A．have enough time | B．can meet the president | | C．get everything done well | D．should accept the explanation |
小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．The author"s students make good use of their time to do all their homework． | | B．The author tried to tell the professor that he／she（the author） had done a good job． | | C．You can’t improve the quality of the work if you can’t get more time． | | D．You’11 try to improve your skills in reading and writing if you"re a clever student． |
小题4:What’s the passage mainly about?| A．Students don’t have enough time． | B．Don’t work harder; work smarter． | | C．No one can get more time． | D．Read better and write better． |
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One day my math teacher asked me to help him save back-up copies of his work in the computer. I then realized I was able to 1 the grades for all of his classes. I showed him how to copy files from one disk to another and he 2 me.
A few days later he asked me to help him again, because he 3 how to do it. When I began to show this to him, some students in my class 4 and began to talk among themselves 6 . Later that day, at lunch time, I was 5 by several of them.
“Hey, could you help us change our grades in math? We’ll 7 you…”
I could not believe what I was hearing．I could get paid for something very 8 ．" All right．I"ll do it．" The next day my math teacher 9 me to help him out．When he was not paying attention, I began to change their grades from F’s to A’s．
I soon became very 10 among my friends. They began to treat me like a god with a magical 11 . I began to change the grades of students．Word 12 quickly and I became very rich．
Everything was going fine 13 I was called into the headmaster"s office．When I got there, my teacher was mad, and the headmaster had an angry 14 in his eyes． "I have known you for three years now．I don"t want to 15 what your teacher said, but I"m afraid that I must．He has too much 16 , " he said．" Do you have anything to say 17 yourself?" he asked．
"No．" I said finally．I did not realize how serious my actions had been．I had violated the 18 of my teacher, and the headmaster．And there was no way 19 ．I was forced to leave my school．
That was a good 20 for me．
| 小题1: | | A．assess | B． access | C．mark | D．change |
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| 小题2: | | A．accepted | B．supported | C．guided | D．thanked |
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| 小题3: | | A．doubted | B．reminded | C．forgot | D．remembered |
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| 小题4: | | A．noticed | B．hid | C．agreed | D．complained |
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| 小题5: | | A．disappointedly | B．quietly | C．angrily | D．freely |
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| 小题6: | | A．appointed | B．appreciated | C．approved | D．approached |
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| 小题7: | | A．follow | B．pay | C．inspire | D．praise |
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| 小题8: | | A．simple | B．interesting | C．familiar | D．pleasant |
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| 小题9: | | A．encouraged | B．got | C．forced | D．advised |
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| 小题10: | | A．optimistic | B．grateful | C．popular | D．sensitive |
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| 小题11: | | A．power | B．strength | C．energy | D．right |
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| 小题12: | | A．slipped | B．spread | C．escaped | D．fled |
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| 小题13: | | A．after | B．since | C．until | D．as |
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| 小题14: | | A．look | B．light | C．sight | D．feeling |
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| 小题15: | | A．influence | B．ignore | C．oppose | D．believe |
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| 小题16: | | A．experience | B．confidence | C．evidence | D．pressure |
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| 小题18: | | A．trust | B．intention | C．promise | D．honor |
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| 小题20: | | A．story | B．skill | C．lesson | D．example |
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