A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychol
题型：不详难度：来源：
A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are.
It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.
Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable. And where the olive and the orange grow, there the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous.
But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of the blood of cows?
We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.
小题1:_____ might serve as a suitable title for this selection.| A．The Importance of Geographical Environment | | B．The Influence of Geographical Environment on Man | | C．Generalization of Types of People | | D．Geographical Environment, a Mysterious Subject |
小题2:Using context clues we may infer that " iodine, fluoride and calcium" are _____.| A．substances which act positively or negatively on man"s health | | B．harmful substances in the water supply | | C．substances which help provide breeding places for pests | | D．substances contributory to good health |
小题3:We may infer from the third paragraph that geography and climate play an important role in determining the inhabitants" _____.| A．health condition | B．personality | | C．life-span | D．all of the above |
小题4:According to the author, research into the influence of geography and climate should_____.| A．focus on some unknown aspects | | B．be pursued on a larger scale | | C．be carried out within a larger scope | | D．go much deeper |
小题5:The author hopes that studies on the influence of geographical environment will enable us to | A．generalize better about types of people | | B．find better water supplies | | C．gain an insight into its influence on mankind | | D．live to a ripe old age |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:C |
解析
试题分析：
小题1:B 推理题。根据文章主题段第一段A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind.说明本文是关于地理和气候对人的心里和生理健康的影响，故B正确。
小题1:A 推理题。根据第二段2,3,4行scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply,说明iodine, fluoride, calcium就是指让人收到影响的这些物质，故A正确。
小题2:B 推理题。根据第三段所举的例子说明在不同的地方生活的人也许会有不同的性格，故地理和气候的因素也许会对人的性格产生影响，故B正确。
小题3:D 细节题。根据第四段第二句the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth.说明我们的研究应该更为深入一些，故D正确。
小题4:C 细节题。根据文章最后一句let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.说明希望能让我们从这样的研究里了解更多。
点评：本文是关于地理和气候对人的心里和生理健康的影响。集中考查推理题，需要考生在阅读时注意字里行间的言外之意，要根据上下文准确定位，合理推测。 |
举一反三
"If you want to see a thing well, reach out and touch it!"
That may seem a strange thing to say. But touching things can help you to see them better.
Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round. But by holding it in your hands, you can feel how smooth and cool the ball is. You can feel how heavy the glass is. When you feel all these about the ball, you really see it. With your skin, you can feel better. For example, your fingers can tell the difference between two coins in your pocket. You can feel a little drop of water on the back of your hand, too. You can even feel sounds against your skin. Have you ever wanted to know why some people like very loud music? They must like to feel the sounds of music.
All children soon learn what "Don"t touch!" means. They hear it often. Yet most of us keep on touching things as we grow up. In shops, we touch things we might buy: food, clothes. To see something well, we have to touch it. The bottoms of our feet can feel things, too. You know this when you walk on warm sand, cool grass or a hard floor. All feel different under your feet.
There are ways of learning to see well by feeling. One way is to close your eyes and try to feel everything that is touching your skin. Feel the shoes on your feet, the clothes on your body, the air on your skin. At first, it is not easy to feel these things. You are too used to them!
Most museums are just for looking. But today some museums have some things to touch. Their signs say, "Do touch!" There you can feel everything on show.
If you want to see better, reach out and touch. Then you will really see!
小题1:By touching things ______.| A．you will have a strange feeling | | B．you will learn how to reach out your hand | | C．you can learn more about them | | D．you can tell what colors they really are |
小题2:Which of the following can be the best title of the story?| A．Touching by Feeling | B．To See or to Feel | | C．To See Better-Feel | D．Ways of Feeling |
小题3:Which of the following parts can tell you the difference between two coins in your pocket? | A．Your fingers. | B．Your eyes. | C．Your foot. | D．Your back. |
小题4:What can"t your skin feel? | A．Sounds. | B．Darkness. | C．Water. | D．Coins. |
小题5:Which of the following is NOT true?| A．Touching is helping us to see better. | | B．Our skins may help us enjoy music. | | C．Feeling is a good way to learn. | | D．Visitors can"t feel the things on show in any museums. |
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Is your family interested in buying a dog? A dog can be a pleasant companion to your family, but if you choose the wrong kind of dog , you will have a lot of troubles.
Families should sit down and discuss the possible problems before buying a dog. Even if the children in your family are the ones who want the dog, the parents are the ones who are really responsible for seeing that the animal is properly cared for. If you don’t know much about dogs, it is a good idea to go to the library for books about different kinds of dogs, and books about how to train a young dog. In reading about the different breeds(种类)you should know that a dog described(描述)as very alert(机敏灵活的)may be too active. When a book describes a dog as an excellent hunting dog, it probably means that the dog won’t be happy living in a small house. Dog breeds vary(变化)in popularity as the years go by. One of the most popular dogs these days is the German shepherd. This is because it provides protection as well as companionship. The family should be warned that these dogs grow up to be very big, and may be too powerful for children to control. If space is limited, a toy dog may be a good choice. These dogs are very small and easy to train. They don’t need to be walked daily, since they can exercise in the home.
小题1:According to the passage, one can get information about different kinds of dogs .| A．by going to the library | | B．by asking someone who has enough experience about different kinds of dogs | | C．by buying a dog and training it | | D．by reading books about dogs |
小题2:The German shepherd is a popular dog .| A．because it is easy to train | | B．because it is big and strong | | C．because it is powerful and friendly | | D．because it is alert and active |
小题3:Which of the following statements is not true?| A．Don’t buy a hunting dog if your house is not big enough. | | B．A dog may not be so good as it is described in books. | | C．The German shepherd never loses its popularity for it provides not only companionship but also protection. | | D．You should have a discussion with your family before buying a dog in case it causes you a lot of troubles. |
小题4:Which is the best topic of the passage?| A．The care and proper selection of dogs for families. | | B．Different breeds of dogs. | | C．Responsibility for seeing that dogs are properly cared for. | | D．Different kinds of books about dogs. |
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In order to learn a foreign language well，four things are necessary． First，we must understand the language when we hear it spoken．Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves, with confidence and without hesitation（犹豫）． Thirdly，we must do much reading． Finally， we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are correct in grammar．
There are no shortcuts to success in language learning． A good memory is a great help，but it is not enough only to memorize the rules from a grammar book．It is not much learning by heart long lists of words and their meanings，studying the dictionary and so on．We must learn by using the language．
If we are pleased with a few rules we have memorized，we are not really learning the language．We must “learn through use．” Practice is important．We must practise speaking and writing the language whenever we can．
小题1:The most important things to learn a foreign language are ＿＿＿＿＿. | A．understanding and speaking | | B．listening，speaking，reading and writing | | C．writing and understanding | | D．memorizing and listening |
小题2:Someone hears and writes English very well， but he speaks it very badly． This is because ＿＿＿＿＿． | A．he doesn’t understand the language when he hears it spoken | | B．he doesn’t have a good memory | | C．he always remembers lists of words and their meanings | | D．he often hesitates（犹豫）to practise speaking it |
小题3:One can never learn a foreign language well by ＿＿＿＿。| A．doing much practice | B．studying the dictionary | | C．learning through use | D．using the language |
小题4:Which is the most important in learning a foreign language？| A．good memory | B．Speaking． | C．Practice． | D．Writing |
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Recent studies show that many young people in the United States never finish high school．Some researchers say about fifteen to twenty percent of public school students do not complete their education．But many other experts and policymakers believe that for the past twenty years，the dropout rate has been around thirty percent．For Latino and black students，the numbers are even higher．Researchers say almost half of them leave schoo1．At the same time，almost half the states let students leave school before the age of eighteen without letting their parents know．
Finding a good job without a high school education is _________．A recent study found that almost half of all dropouts aged sixteen to twenty—four did not have a job．The lack of high school education can also lead to other problems．An estimated two—thirds of prisoners in the United States dropped out of high schoo1．
The main reason why many students drop out of school is that they are failing．Many are bored with their classes or feel disconnected from their school and teachers．Some students feel that educators place low expectations on them．
There have been efforts to increase graduation rates through education reforms during the past twenty years．Some communities are working on dropout prevention programs．These include alternative (其他的) high schools to meet special needs．In addition，experts suggest “early warning systems’’ to help identify young school children at the risk of dropping out of high schoo1．They say schools should also keep regular contact with parents，especially if their children are missing school often．
小题1:What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words．)
小题2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Many students feel tired of their classes or don’t feel connected with their school and teachers．
小题3:Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)
小题4:What do you think is the most important reason for the high dropout rate in the high school?(Please answer within 30 words．)
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese．
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Harry is eighteen now. He studies in a middle school.His parents like him very much and hope he can become a famous man. So they often tell him to study hard and they do almost everything for him. They wakes him up at six in the morning, after breakfast his father takes him to school in a car and in the afternoon, as soon as the young man comes back, the supper is ready. Of course, he never washes his clothes or goes to buy anything in the shops.
Once Harry’s father was sent to London on business. He would stay there for half a year. Upon leaving, he told his wife to take good care of their son. The woman had to get up eatlier and did all that her husband did before. And two months later she was so tired that she was ill in bed. Now the young man got into trouble. He couldn’t do any housework. He had to do as his mother told him. He didn’t even know where to get on the bus!
One day Harry’s mother found his shoes were worn out and told him to buy a pair in the shop. But he didn’t know how to choose The woman had a sigh (叹息)and give him a shoe patten(鞋样)and told him to buy a pair of.shoes himself. With a policeman’s help, Harry found a shop. The shopkeeper was friendly to him. The man brought a lot of shoes and asked him to choose. When he was trying on a pair, suddenly he remembered something and took them off. The man was surprised and asked, “What’s the matter, young man?”
“I’m sorry. I’ve left the shoe pattern at home!”
小题1: always does some housework in the morning| A．Harry"s father | B．Harry"s mother | | C．Harry | D．Nobody |
小题2:The woman had to look after her son by herself because ．| A．her husband wasn"t at home | | B．she was stronger than her husband | | C．she knew the youno man well | | D．she was freer than her husband |
小题3:When his father was in London, ．| A．Harry had to stay at home | | B．Harry couldn’t even find the bus stop | | C．Harry fell behind in his class | | D．Harry wouldn’t go to school |
小题4:Harry had to buy shoes himself because _ ．| A．his mother didn"t know what kind he needed | | B．his mother was busy with the housework | | C．something was wrong with his mother | | D．his mother wanted her son to do something himself |
小题5:According to the passage, what can we learn about Harry?| A．He wanted his mother to buy shoes for him． | | B．He would rather use the shoe pattern than try the shoes himself． | | C．He wouldn"t listen to his mother． | | D．He was strong enough to buy shoes for himself． |
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