Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective m

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Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine（可可碱）, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they needed only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
小题1:According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.

A．cannot be as effective as codeine

B．can be harmful to people’s health

C．cannot be separated from chocolate

D．can be a more effective cure for coughs

小题2:What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?

A．Theobromine.

B．Codeine.

C．Capsaicin.

D．Placebo.

小题3:We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.

A．were patients with bad coughs

B．were divided into the three groups

C．received standard treatments

D．suffered little side effects

小题4:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A．Codeine: A New Medicine

B．Chocolate May Cure Coughs

C．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case

D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

答案

小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:B

解析

试题分析：小题1:.D 细节题。根据文章第二段that theobromine（可可碱）, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine,说明他们认为theobromine是一种有效的治疗咳嗽的方法。故D正确。
小题2:C 细节题。根据文章第四段第三行capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing说明C正确。
小题3:B 细节题。根据第四段1,2行Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment.说明他们被分成三队，每一队都服用不同的东西。故B正确。
小题4:B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段说明本文主要是讲巧克力中发现的某种物质可以用来治愈咳嗽。故B正确。
点评：本文主要是讲巧克力中发现的theobromine（可可碱）可以用来治愈咳嗽。本文较为简单，以细节题考查为主，要求考生在阅读时做好标志和符号，减少找读的时间。提高阅读的效率和速度。

举一反三

Don’t you think your schoolbag is too heavy to bear? The e-schoolbag will free you from the weight.
It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into use in Chinese middle schools soon. An experiment with several hundred e-schoolbags will begin in seven cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Dalian, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang. And the e-schoolbags are going to cover all over China if the experiment proves to be successful. In fact, the e-schoolbag should perhaps be called an e-notebook. It is a small hand-held computer for school students.
Heavy schoolbags have long been a serious problem for school students. The average schoolbag of middle school students weighs up to 5 kilos. But the e-schoolbag will change everything. It is much lighter than a usual schoolbag, weighing under 1 kilo.
Also, it is no bigger than a usual book, but it can still hold all the things for study, such as a textbook, a notebook and exercise book. They could be made into chips that are as small as a stamp. The students can read the text page by page on the screen. They can still take notes using a special electronic pen. If they want to know the meaning or the pronunciation of a new word, or even e-mail their teachers, it’s just a press of a button.
In some foreign countries, it is becoming common. But it is hard to tell when people will receive this new form of study. Some say that e-textbooks can be easily broken, some say that it is not good to students’ eyesight to look at the screen for long. But only time will tell.
小题1:The e-schoolbag has many functions EXCEPT ________.

A．It can pronounce the words.

B．It can send e-mail.

C．It can be used as a dictionary.

D．It can phone somebody.

小题2:According to the passage, the e-schoolbag ________.

A．is not heavy as before but still large

B．is used as an experiment in Tianjin

C．is made of metal

D．is going to cover China if it proves to be successful

小题3:Which of the following statement is TRUE?

A．All the students in China will be required to use this new schoolbag soon.

B．All the people think highly of e-textbooks.

C．E-notebooks are very convenient to students.

D．We will not make notes because the e-notebook can make all by itself.

小题4:The best title for the passage should be ________.

A．An Experiment In China

B．Please Change Your Schoolbag

C．A New Invention, A New Schoolbag

D．Chips

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Common sense would tell us that physically active children may be more likely to become active and healthy adults.
In the United States, elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week. That is what the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association recommend. They say high schools should provide about four hours of physical activity each week.
Yet many schools across the country have reduced their physical education programs. Just this week, a study reported that life expectancy has fallen or is no longer increasing in some parts of the United States. The situation is worst among poor people in the southern states, and especially women. Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in fatness, smoking and high blood pressure. They also blame differences in health services around the country.
In 2006, a study found that only four percent of primary schools provided daily physical education all year for all grades. This was true of eight percent of middle schools and two percent of high schools. The study also found that twenty-two percent of all schools did not require students to take any P.E.
Charlene Burgeson , a health expert says one problem for P.E. teachers is that schools are under pressure to put more time into academic subjects. Also, parents may agree that children need exercise in school. Yet many parents today still have bad memories of being chosen last for teams because teachers favored the good athletes in class.
But experts say P.E. classes have changed. They say the goal has moved away from competition and toward personal performance, as a way to build a lifetime of activity. These days, teachers often lead activities like weight training and yoga.
Some parents like the idea of avoiding competitive sports in P.E. class. Yet others surely dislike that idea. In the end, schools may find themselves in a no-win situation.
小题1: The underlined word “expectancy” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”

A．quality

B．length

C．exception

D．depth

小题2:According to the passage which of the following may not lead to poor health?

A．Fatness.	B．Smoking
C．High blood pressure.	D．Health service

小题3: What can be inferred after you read this passage?

A．Physical activities are becoming more and more popular in American schools.

B．All the schools provided daily physical education all year for all students.

C．Parents think children need physical education for their bad memories.

D．Students spent less time on physical education for academic pressure.

小题4: What is the main idea about this passage?

A．P.E. is the most important subject for all students.

B．P.E has changed its goal for some reasons in America.

C．It introduces us the present situation of P.E in American schools and its cause.

D．P.E can help students improve their academic subjects.

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Johnny Smith was a good math student at a high school. He loved his computer. He came home early every day, then he worked with it till midnight. But Johnny was not a good English student, not good at all. He got an F in his English class. One day after school Johnny joined his computer to the computer in his high school office. The school office computer had the grades of all the students: the math grades, the science grades, the grades in arts and music, and the grades in English. He found his English grade. An F! Johnny changed his English grade from an F to A. Johnny’s parents looked at his report card. They were very happy. “An A in English!” said Johnny’s Dad. “You’re a very clever boy, Johnny.”
Johnny is a hacker (黑客). Hackers know how to take information from other computers and put new information in. Using a modem (调制解调器), they join their computers to other computers secretly. School headmasters and teachers are worried about hackers. So are the police, for some people even take money from bank computer account (账户) and put it into their own ones. And they never have to leave home to do it! They are called hackers.
小题1:Johnny changed his English grade with the computer in _______.

A．the classroom	B．the school office
C．his own house	D．a bank near his house

小题2:When Johnny’s parents saw the report, they were happy because _______.

A．Johnny was good at math

B．Johnny loved computers

C．Johnny could join one computer to another

D．they thought Johnny was not poor in English any longer

小题3:Who are worried about hackers in the story?

A．Johnny’s parents.

B．School headmasters, teachers and the police.

C．The police.

D．School headmasters and teachers.

小题4:What should the hackers know well, do you think, after you read this story?

A．Information.	B．Grades.
C．Computers.	D．Back computer accounts.

小题5:The last paragraph is about _______.

A．Johnny

B．computers

C．hackers

D．modem

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New rules for middle school students came out in March. Middle school is going to use a new way to decide who the top students are. The top students won’t only have high marks. They will also be kids who don’t dye（color）their hair, smoke or drink. The following are some of the new rules.
Tell the truth. Have you ever copied someone else’s work on an exam? Don’t do it again! That’s not something an honest student should do. If you have played computer games for two hours in your room, don’t tell your parents you have done homework.
Do more at school. Good students love animals and care for other people. April is Bird-Loving Month in China. Is your school doing anything to celebrate? You should join! That way, you can learn more about animals and how to protect them. When more people work together, it makes it more fun for everyone. Have you ever quarreled with your teammates when your basketball team lost? Only working together can make your team stronger. Be friendly to the people you are with. Try to think of others not only yourself.
Be open to new ideas. Have you ever thought that people could live on the moon? Maybe you’ll discover Earth II someday. Don’t look down on new ideas. Everyone’s ideas are important. You should welcome them, because new ideas make life better for everyone.
Protect yourself. Has someone ever taken money from one of your classmates? Don’t let it happen to you. If you have to go home late, you should let your parents know.
Use the Internet carefully. The Internet can be very useful for your studies. But some things on the Internet aren’t for kids, so try to look at Web pages that are good for you. You can use the Web for fun or homework.
66. How did the author construct the passage?

小题1:Which of the following persons can be a top student?

A．Tom who dyes his hair has good marks.

B．John is good at study and easy to accept new ideas.

C．Mary is always helping others and never uses the Internet.

D．Jack, a caring boy, likes quarreled with his classmates

小题2:According to the third paragraph, a top student should ______.

A．make the team stronger	B．work together with others
C．be a good friend to others	D．get on well with others

小题3:The passage tells us how to ______.

A．be top students	B．do more at school
C．care for others	D．use the Internet

小题4:According to the new rules, a top student should do all the following except ______.

A．tell the truth	B．be open to new ideas
C．use the Internet carefully	D．think only other people

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A bully is a person who enjoys hurting other people. A bully can hurt people with words or by hitting them. 85% of children in the UK have been bullied at least once.
How can I tell if a person is a bully?
He or she will...
* try to find your weak point--perhaps you are shy, nervous or easily made worried.
* make fun of you in front of your friends.
* borrow money then won"t pay you back.
What can I do if a bully bothers me?
* Tell the bully to leave you alone.
* Do not be afraid to ask other people for help, even though the bully tells you not to.
* Do not feel ashamed because you have been bullied. You have done nothing wrong! The bully should feel ashamed.
* Do not believe the bad things a bully says about you.
What should I do if I see a bully bothering someone?
* Help people who are being bullied, even though you don" t know them.
* Be a friend to people who are bullied.
* Tell a teacher if you see bullying.
* Tell bullies to stop, Sometimes bullies are afraid, too.
Why do some people become bullies?
Some bullies...
* have never learnt to think about other people" s feelings.
* don" t like themselves, so they are sad. They think they will be happy if they make another person sad.
* have been bullied themselves by other bullies.
Can bullies change? .
Yes! Bullies can change when they learn to think about other people" s feelings.
Sometimes bullies must be punished before they understand. Sometimes, bullies just need friends.
小题1:A bully often_______ .

A．makes people think about themselves

B．borrows money but doesn’t return

C．helps people when they are in trouble

D．thinks about other people" s feelings

小题2:If you see a bully bothering your friends, you should________.

A．leave them alone

B．help them stop the bully

C．make them ashamed

D．tell them they are wrong

小题3:Which of the following is true?______

A．Bullies say bad words to people.

B．Bullies like themselves very much.

C．Bullies make people around them happy.

D．Bullies must always be punished.

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