So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning， they will

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So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning， they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on do them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed。
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索) for knowledge？Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.
小题1:The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that ______.

A．it is one of the most difficult school courses

B．students spend endless hours in reading

C．reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

D．too much time is spent in teaching about reading

小题2:The teaching of reading will be successful if ______.

A．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

B．teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

C．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable

小题3:The underlined word “scrutiny” most probably means “______”.

A．inquiry

B．observation

C．control

D．suspicion

小题4:According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ______.

A．children become highly motivated

B．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

D．reading enriches children’s experience

答案

小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:A

解析

略

举一反三

Career education is instruction intended to help young people identify, choose, and prepare for a career. Such instruction may focus on a person"s role in work, leisure, or family life. Career education differs from vocational education, which is desig

ned to teach specific occupational skills.
Career education includes the formal and informal learning that occurs in the family, in the community, and in schools. In schools, career education consists of instructive activities included in many courses. These activities are designed to improve the attitudes, knowledge, and skills important for work roles. Career education helps students develop self- understanding and use it to plan their education and working life.
A complete career education program in school begins in kindergarten and continues at least through high school. Many colleges and universities also offer career education through their counseling (咨询) programs. In kindergartens and elementary schools, youngsters learn about different types of work. In middle schools or junior high school, children begin to explore the occupations and leisure activities that interest them most. In high school, students get more specific information about occupations and life styles. They may be in classroom, small group, or individual sessions where they learn how to make career decisions. They also should obtain the skills they need for further study or for a job after graduation. Counselors provide information on such matters as how to locate and apply for jobs and how to be successful in interviews. Teachers and counselors use a variety of methods to provide career education, including films about occupations or industries. Children may invite parents or other adults to come to school and describe their jobs. A student may accompany a worker on the job. Cooperative education combines classroom study with practical work experience.
小题1: According to the passage, which statement is true? ( )

A．Career education is carried out in primary schools only.

B．Career education is carried out in middle schools only.

C．Career

education is carried out in colleges only.

D．Career education is carried out in the whole process of people"s education - from kindergarten to university.

小题2:

It may be inferred from the passage that ( ).

A．not only teachers but also parents are responsible for youngsters" career education

B．in high schools, students know more specific information about occupations

C．career education may be in classroom, small group, or individual sessions

D．teachers use a variety of methods to provide career education, including films

小题3:A child may get career education in all the following places EXCEPT ( ).

A．schools

B．homes

C．communities

D．public places

小题4:The underlined word "combine" in the last paragraph means "to ( )".

A．connect

B．force

C．provide

D．attempt

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Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling．Recycling in the home is very important of course．However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need．We are dealing with the results of that over–consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place．
The total amount of packaging has increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005．It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK．In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard．
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment．The UK, for example, is running out of it for burying this unnecessary waste．If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect．Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy．The solution is not to produce such items in the first place．Food waste is a serious problem, too．Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need．However, few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example．
But this is not just about supermarkets．It is about all of us．We have learned to associate packaging with quality．We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality．This is especially true of food．But it is also applied to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary．
There are signs of hope．As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collected．We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb．
小题1:What does the underlined phrase “that over-consumption” refer to?

A．Using too much packaging．

B．Recycling too many wastes．

C．Making more products than necessary．

D．Having more material than is needed．

小题2:The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show ___________．

A．the tendency of cutting household waste

B．the increase of packaging recycling

C．the rapid growth of supermarkets

D．the fact of packaging overuse

小题3:According to the text, recycling ___________．

A．helps control the greenhouse effect

B．means burning packaging for energy

C．is the solution to gas shortage

D．leads to a waste of land

小题4:What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

A．Unpackaged products are of bad quality．

B．Supermarkets care more about packaging．

C．It is improper to judge quality by packaging．

D．Other products are better packaged than food．

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“Football is a very short-term career. Football really prepares you for almost nothing. The only thing I got out of football was the ability to work hard.” says Gales Sayers. So what do you do after your glory days on the field are over? Here’s what one of the top players, Gales Sayers did after he put down the pigskin.
Gales Sayers: #40, Chicago Bears, Running Back.
Gales Sayers became famous in 1965. After recovering from a serious knee injury in 1968, Sayers returned to the Bears in 1969 and was awarded the George Halas Award as “the most courageous player in professional football.” At the award ceremony, he owed his prize to his friend and teammate Brian Piccolo, who was dying of cancer.
Sayers couldn’t get away from the injuries, though, and another blow to his knee put an end to his football career in 1971. His personal life was unfortunate as well, as he and his wife, Linda, split up that year. Shortly after that, Sayers started a new life and career as an assistant athletic director in the University of Kansas. By 1976 he was moving up the ladder at Southern Illinois University, becoming the first African-American athletic director at a major university.
Sayers started a computer supplies company in 1984 with his second wife, Ardie, whom he married in 1973. The couple was looking for a field with a future, and computers seemed to have it all. Seventeen years later, the company that bears his name is a national provider of technology solutions, with 10 locations and over 350 employees across the country. Just like in the old days the honors started rolling in. Sayers was listed into the Chicago Area Entrepreneurship(企业家) Hall of Fame in 1999.
小题1:What does the underlined sentence “he put down the pigskin” mean?
A

. Sayers ended his football career.
B

. Sayers was too tired to go on playing.
C. Sayers intended to start a new career.
D. Sayers only wanted to rest for some time.
小题2: How many times was Sayers honored in his life?

A．Only once as a football star.

B．Only once as a businessman.

C．Twice in all.

D．We are not quite sure.

小题3: Sayers started his new career mainly because of _______ .

A．the first knee injury in l 968

B．his unfortunate personal life

C．another more serious knee injury

D．a friend’s being deadly ill

小题4:What can be learned from this passage?

A．Football players are not successful all the time.

B．A successful businessman should be a ball player first.

C．A retired football player can easily make money.

D．Whatever you do, working hard is the most important.

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“Sesame Street” has been called “the longest street in the world.” That is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts of the world. That program became one of American’s exports soon after it went on the air in New York in 1969. 
In the United States more than six million children watch the program regularly. The viewers include more than half the nation’s pre-school children, from every kind of economic, racial(种族的), and geographical group. 
Although some educators object to certain elements in the program, parents praise it highly. Many teachers also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned from “Sesame Street” are in the same class with children who have not watched the program. 
Tests have shown that children from all racial, geographical, and economic backgrounds have benefited from watching it. Those who watch it five times a week learn more than occasional(偶尔的）viewer. In the US the program is shown at different hours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watch it regularly. 
The programs all use songs stories, jokes and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers, letters and human relationships. But there are some differences. For example, the Spanish program, produced in Mexico City, devotes more time to teaching whole words than to teaching separate letters. 
Why has “Sesame Street” been so much more successful than other children’s shows? Many reasons have been suggested. People mention the educational theories of its creators, the support by the government and private businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of TV tricks. Perhaps an equally important reason is that mothers watch it along with their children. This is partly because famous adult stars often appear on it. But the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching feel able to learn. The child finds himself learning, and he wants to learn more. 
小题1: “Sesame Street” is actually______. 

A．a street in the US	B．a program for children
C．a program of teachers	D．a program for students

小题2:Children who often watch the program______. 

A．can have problems in school	B．will find it a great help
C．will take no interest in their studies	D．will be well educated

小题3:What is special about the program?

A．It offers great fun. 

B．It makes children feel able to learn. 

C．It is shown at different hours during the week. 

D．Children learn and enjoy themselves while watching. 

小题4:Why is “Sesame Street” so popular in the world?

A．Because it is supported by the government and businesses. 

B．Because it uses a variety of skillful tricks. 

C．Because mothers watch it along with their children. 

D．Because it makes every child watching it feel able to learn. 

小题5:The best title for this passage can be______. 

A．TV Programs	B．Educating Children
C．Sesame Street	D．A Greet Success

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Respect your teachers．
First of all，students should respect the teachers．They should pay attention in the classes．That means to salute him，to stand from his chair when the teacher enters the classroom etc．Attend any lesson attentively．In class of a certain subject or teacher you don’t like very much，if it’s total anarchy，how can we talk about respect?
Play by the rules．
If your teacher wants you to use wide-lined paper--do it ! If she tells you to sharpen your pencils only before class starts，listen to her．If she doesn’t accept late homework，do yours on time．Sometimes classroom rules seem strict or even silly，but most teachers know what’s necessary to make things run smoothly，what it takes to let the learning begin．And the better the learning environment，the smarter you’ll be!
Expect her／him to like you．
Teachers are teachers because they like kids．Given the chance，most teachers want to be your friends too．Respect your teacher，but don’t be afraid of her／him．She／He wants you to have a great school year just as much as you want to have!
Put first things first．
Friends are a fun part of school．But they’re not the most important part．When your teacher is teaching，give her／him your full attention．Even when it"s hard to do．— recess_ will come soon enough，and that’s the time for playing with your friends．
小题1:Which of the following would be the best title for the text? ______

A．Advice Before You Go To School	B．What You Should Do At School
C．How To Get Along With Your Teacher	D．How To Plan Your Time At School

小题2:What do you think the title of the second paragraph“ Play by the rules’’ mean ?

A．Don’t play if you haven’t completed your homework．	B．Follow what the teacher says．
C．Work is work and play is play．	D．Make the learning environment as good as possible．

小题3:According to the last paragraph，what do you think the first thing is?

A．The teacher．	B．The teacher’s lecture．
C．The students．	D．Friends．

小题4:The underlined word “recess” most probably means ______ ．

A．break

B．play

C．parents

D．news

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