Some fish form huge schools. Could fish set up schools and teach their children

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Some fish form huge schools. Could fish set up schools and teach their children how to survive in the ocean? You may ask. No. Here the “schools” are not the places where you study. They are fish shoals (鱼群) that cover tens of kilometers. What causes hundreds of millions of fish to gather and move together is one of biology’s mysteries.
Darkness appears to be the first step to the creation of shoals, according to a study published in the March 27 journal Science. A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and five other institutions studied Atlantic herring (鲱鱼), which forms shoals on a fishing ground off Massachusetts. They used an underwater imaging technology and fish-finding sonar (声纳) to observe the herring over several days in autumn when they spawn (产卵).
They found that, as the sun set, fish in scattered (分散的) groups began swimming much closer to one another than they normally do. When the number of fish reached a certain point in an area, this set off a chain reaction of similar behavior that spread like a sound wave through the water.
The herring’s movement seemed to be started by sunset. The team didn’t record the breakup of these shoals, but a previous study suggested that as the sun rose, the shoals fell apart.
“When the light fades (逐渐消失), it’s safer for the fish to move away from the seabed,” says Nicholas Makris, a professor at MIT who led the research. “Once they have a certain number of other fish, they suddenly come together - forming a shoal covering tens of kilometers within tens of minutes.”
Herring form shoals to migrate during the autumn spawning season. Some shoals were 40 km across and 30 m from top to bottom. They formed in deep water and moved into more shallow waters to spawn.
Forming shoals helps protect them from predators (掠食者) by giving them simple strength in numbers. The ordered movement of the shoal means the fish can reach their spawning ground more quickly and more safely.
Scientists have never before gathered information on so many animals acting together. Understanding these herring shoals could lead to more ideas about what causes animals to move in schools, says Iain Couzin, a biologist at Princeton University, US.
1. Which school in the following expressions is used the same way as the underlined one in the first paragraph?
A. schools of thoughts B. school a horse C. a school of whales D. a medical school
2. Which of the following statements is true?
A. There are more large shoals of herring at night than in the daytime.
B. The research on Atlantic herring was conducted independently by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
C. The larger the shoal of herring is, the more slowly it moves.
D. Scientists have found out the reason why fish gather and move together in huge shoals.
3. According to the research, herring tend to get together except ______.
A.when there are predators around B. when they spawn C. when the sun sets D. when the sun rises
4. What seems to be the main reason for herring to gather and move together?
A. To avoid the darkness.
B. To keep other kinds of fish out of their spawning ground.
C. To spawn in the shallow waters.
D. To make themselves feel safe.

答案

小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:D

解析

略

举一反三

语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分．满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意．然后从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Carmen’s mother Maria had just survived a serious heart attack. But without a heart transplant(移植)her life was in constant   1     .
Both the mother and daughter knew that the chances were very small: finding a donor heart that   2      Maria’s blood type could take years. However, Carmen was determined to save her mother. She kept   3    hospitals all over the country.
Days stretched out. By Christmas, Maria had trouble   4 from one end of the room to the other. Carmen lost all hope. She fell into a   5     of the hospital, crying.
“Are you okay?” a man asked.
Carmen sobbed as she told the stranger her story. This middle-aged man was named Frank, whose wife, Cheryl, a tender and devoted mother of four lovely children, had been in hospital with a brain disease and wouldn’t   6    it through the night. Suddenly, an idea came to Frank’s mind. He knew Cheryl had always wanted to   7     something from herself. Could her   8 go to Carmen’s mother?
After reviewing the data, doctors   9     Frank that his wife’s heart was by some miracle a perfect fit for Carmen’s mother. They were able to   10     the transplant.
That cold night, when Cheryl was   11    dead, Frank came to knock at Maria’s door. She was   12   for Frank’s family as she had been doing every day recently. Though Maria had never met Frank before, they both felt a strange bond as they hugged and cried.
On New Year’s Eve, Carmen attended Cheryl’s   13 with Frank’s family, who were singing their favorite song “My heart will go on.”
One day later, on New Year’s Day, Maria   14 with Cheryl’s heart. Yes, Cheryl’s loving heart would go on, for it was   15 in another loving mother’s chest.
1. A. change            B. danger              C. disorder                   D. pain
2. A. matched         B. replaced              C. controlled           D. cooperated
3. A. finding               B. phoning                   C. touring                     D. interrupting
4. A. rolling             B. running                    C. walking                   D. jumping
5. A. corner                B. bed                         C. man                        D. nurse
6. A. put                            B. support                    C. pass                         D. make
7. A. save                   B. recycle                     C. donate                      D. separate
8. A. heart                  B. brain                        C. husband                   D. spirit
9. A. informed            B. warned                    C. congratulated           D. reminded
10. A. give up              B. carry out                 C. search after              D. put off
11. A. noticed               B. predicted                  C. found                      D. declared
12. A. praying       B. begging           C. decorating          D. singing
13. A. funeral          B. operation                  C. performance             D. anniversary
14. A. passed away        B. woke up                  C. left behind                D. dressed up
15. A. active          B. alive              C. necessary               D. changeable

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Over 1，400 university students from 37 countries and regions came to China for the 2008’s WorldMUN meeting（世界大学生模拟联合国大会）. The meeting was held in Peking University from January 5th to 11st, 2008.
The idea of the WorldMUN began in 1991. A group of students at Harvard（哈佛）University wanted to make a new meeting to bring together the students who were interested in the world. They wanted to discuss different problems around the world. The WorldMUN is based on understanding, compromise, learning and friendship. The first meeting was held in Poland in 1992. After that, it is held in spring every year. Last year, it was held in Scotland.
This was the first time the WorldMUN meeting was held in Asia. It was also the biggest one in history. The students came from the best universities around the world. During the five-day meeting, they did everything that people in the UN do. Though their skin colors and cultures were different, they had the same wish to make the world better.
1.The 2008’s WorldMUN meeting was held in   .
A. Scotland    B. Harvard University    C. Beijing University     D. Thailand
2.The word “compromise” in the passage means    in Chinese.
A. 友谊         B. 理解         C. 和解         D. 同情
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The students want to travel around the world.
B. The students are interested in the world.
C. The students want to discuss different problems.
D. one world, one wish !
4.The best title of the passage is     .
A. The First WorldMUN Meeting     B. The WorldMUN Meeting
C. University Student               D. A warm welcome to Beijing

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第三部分：阅读理解：（共20小题，每小题2分，满分34分）
Vocabulary learning is a continuing process. It continues all your life. When you are young, you learn something day in and day out. You should keep squeezing every moment of the day into a new and different learning situation. You continually ask questions and drive yourself to learn more. The more you learn, the more vocabulary you will know. No matter what your age is, you must continue to learn. Words are “Symbols” for ideas. These ideas make knowledge and knowledge is gained largely through words. The following are some suggestions which may help you increase your vocabulary.
•Read books from fields other than your major.
•Read books which interest you and concentrate while you read.
•The more you read, the more words you will come i

n contact with.
•Use new vocabulary in your everyday communication (writing, speaking).
•Become familiar with the vocabulary in your text books.
•Become familiar with the dictionary. Understand the pronunciation rules as well as the multiple（众多的）meanings of words.
•Try to learn 5 words a day. If you know these words, use them in your communications. Without using these new words, it is a waste of your time.
56、The main idea of the passage is       .
A、how to remember vocabulary     B、how to learn vocabulary
C、how to use vocabulary           D、how to teach vocabulary
57、The underlined word “squeezing” probably means “       ”.
A、压出     B、付出      C、浪费      D、挤出
58、Which of the following statement is NOT suggested in the passage as a way of vocabulary learning?
A、Use the new words you have learned when you write and speak.
B、Use your dictionary and be familiar with it.
C、Concentrate only on the books on your major.
D、The more you read, the more words you will get.
59、From the passage we know      .
A、most of your knowledge is gained through words.
B、dictionary is the most important way of vocabulary learning.
C、if you learn a new word, just keep it in your mind.
D、you should spend most of your spare time on vocabulary learning.

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TAIBEI－Increasing numbers of Taiwanese students are joining the island’s “China rush”, seeking education on the Chinese mainland．
According to official Chinese figures, the number of Taiwanese students admitted into college and postgraduate（研究生）programs on the mainland totaled 461 in 1996, 928 in 1997 and 839 in 1998．Although no latest official numbers were available,” Netbig. Com Said this number had risen between 30 to 50 percent annually in the past two years with well over 1000 entering mainland campuses last year.
The Internet site, based in the Chinese city of Shenzhen, provides education service and information on Chinese mainland college and universities. “Many Taiwanese believe a Chinese education giving more knowledge about the people and culture in the mainland will increase their chances in the Chinese job market, Net. Com vice-president Ingrid Huang said．“I believe it will give me hands-on experience in the business field in the Chinese mainland and a better understanding of the Chinese mainland people,” said Lydia Chang, a 19-year-old majoring in journalism at Shih Shin University. Chang plans to go on to get a master’s degree in business administration in Shanghai, which she says offers the best environment for such studies.
A journalism graduate student, surnamed Lin, at the National Taiwan University said he would like to study law on the Chinese mainland since “there will be better career prospects now that more Taiwanese companies are going there”. “They hope the children could build up connections which could later become useful in their business operations,” said Yang Ching-yao, professor of the Chinese mainland studies. A Netbig. Com survey showed the campuses favored by Taiwan students included Beijing, Qinghua and Renmin universities in Beijing, and Jinan and Zhongshan universities in Guangzhou. The most popular studies were law, business and Chinese medicine.
At present, Chinese Taibei doesn’t recognize diplomas earned in the Chinese mainland nor help with any inquiries about studying there. But recognizing the trend, education authorities are giving a final form to a policy accepting certificates（证书）from selected universities.
1.ore Taiwanese students study on the Chinese mainland because ___________.
A．Taiwan will reunite with the mainland sooner or later
B．the fees asked for are lower than those of Taiwan
C．what they have learned on the mainland will bring them a bright future
D．there are many famous universities for them to choose
2．Some business executives were sending their children to study in the Chinese mainland so that their children ___________.
A．could receive better education     B．could learn more about the policy there
C．could do well in the business operations     D．could make more friends there
3．The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refers to __________.
A．Netbig. Com                      B．a Chinese education on the mainland
C．the Chinese job market        D．the university
4．The author wrote the article to tell us ______________.
A．more Taiwanese students are studying on the mainland
B．the number of Taiwanese students going to universities on the mainland had been increasing year after year
C．education on the mainland is more attractive compared with that of Taiwan
D．Taiwan and the mainland should cooperate with each other in every field.
5．Which is true according to the passage?
A．Chinese Taibei recognizes diplomas earned on the Chinese mainland
B．The number of Taiwanese students going to study on the mainland will surely be increasing in the next few years.
C．Chinese Taibei doesn’t help with any inquiries about Taiwanese studying in the mainland
D．Education of Taiwan is far behind the mainland.

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二：完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意。然后从21－35各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. Waste must be treated   21  it does not become a danger to life.   22 , in some countries, waste from factories is still poured straight into rivers. People who use the water from one of these rivers often get   23 . The water may become so polluted that it   24  all the fish in the river. When these rivers finally reaches the   25 , it pollutes the ocean.
In many countries with   26 , human waste is piped directly into the sea without being dealt with. This is not   27 . Although the sea itself can break up the waste, beaches   28  become polluted.   29  scientists suggest people take the waste far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down.
In 1989 an international law was passed to   30  people putting waste into the sea. It is now against the   31   to put anything into the sea nearby. Such rubbish as plastics may not be thrown   32  the sea anywhere. Other waste may be put into the sea, either 19 or more than 40 kilometers from land,   33  the nature of the materials.
The   34  of dealing with waste has become so great that several international organizations have been   35   to protect the world and control pollution.
21. A. as if                  B. so that            C. ever since              D. now that
22. A. Luckily              B. Happily          C. Unfortunately        D. Hopefully
23 A. sick                        B. hope              C. rich                       D. fun
24. A. raises                 B. feeds              C. kills                      D. breaks
25. A. pool                  B. lake               C. spring                   D. sea
26. A. grassland         B. plains                 C. sea coasts         D. deserts
27. A. safe                   B. useful                     C. dirty                D. wrong
28. A. need                  B. may                   C. can’t             D. needn’t
29. A. So                     B. Because              C. Since               D. But
30. A. stop                   B. suggest               C. keep                D. find
31. A. school               B. organization        C. factory                    D. law
32. A. out of                B. away from                 C. into                 D. above
33. A. depending on    B. feeding on                 C. leading to       D. connecting to
34. A. news                 B. method               C. problem           D. disadvantage
35. A. punished            B. set up                     C. refused             D. called at

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