Today about 70 countries use Daylight Saving Time (DST). Daylight Saving was fir
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Today about 70 countries use Daylight Saving Time (DST). Daylight Saving was first introduced during World War I in Australia. During the world wars, DST was used for the late summers beginning January 1917 and 1942, and the full summers beginning September 1942 and 1943.
In 1967, Tasmania experienced a drought（干旱）. The State Government introduced one hour of daylight saving that summer as a way of saving power and water. Tasmanians liked the idea of daylight saving and the Tasmanian Government has declared daylight saving each summer since 1968. Persuaded by the Tasmanian Government, all states except two passed a law in 1971, for a test use of daylight saving. In 1972, New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria joined Tasmania for regular daylight saving, but Queensland did not do so until 1989.
Tasmania, Queensland and South Australia have had irregular plans, often changing their dates due to politics or festivals（节日）. For example, in 1992, Tasmania extended（延长）daylight saving by an extra month while South Australia began extending daylight saving by two weeks for the Adelaide Festival. Special daylight saving plans were made during the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games.
The differences in daylight saving in Australia continue to cause serious problems in transport and many other social activities. It also reduces the number of hours in the working day that are common to all centers in the country. In particular, time differences along the east coast cause major differences, especially for the broadcasters of national radio and television.
小题1:Daylight Saving Time was introduced in Tasmania _______________. | A．to stop the drought in 1967 | B．to support government officials | | C．to pass a special law in the state | D．to save water and electricity |
小题2: According to the text, which state was the last to use DST?| A．Victoria. | B．Queensland. | | C．South Australia. | D．New South Wales. |
小题3: What can we learn about DST in some Australian states?| A．It doesn’t have fixed dates. | B．It is not used in festivals. | | C．Its plan was changed in 2000. | D．It lasts for two weeks. |
小题4: What do we know about the use of DST from the last paragraph?| A．There exist some undesirable effects. | B．It helps little to save energy. | | C．It brings about longer working days. | D．Radio and TV programs become different. |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:A |
解析
本文介绍了澳大利亚夏时制的情况，为说明文文体。
小题1:细节题.。从文章第二段第二句可得出答案。“…as a way of saving power and water.”
小题2:细节题。从第二段末句“… but Queensland did not do so until 1989.”可知答案。
小题3:细节题。从第三段首句可以知道答案。“…have had irregular plans, often changing their dates due to politics or festivals.
小题4:段落主旨概括题。本段主要讲述了夏时制不尽如人意的几个方面。答案为A。 |
举一反三
Most rain forests lie close to the equator(赤道),where the climate is often mild and there are long hours of sunshine.The warmth of the land heats the air above,causing it to rise and tiny drops of water to fall as rain.The rainfall can reach at least 98 inches a year.This wet,warm world with plenty of sunlight is perfect for plants to grow,so the trees grow fast with green leaves all the year round.The trees themselves also have an effect on the climate.They gather water from the soil and pass it out into the air through their leaves.The wet air then forms clouds,which hang over the treetops like smoke.These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and night-time cold of nearby deserts,keeping temperatures fit for plant growth.
Rain forests slightly farther away from the equator remain just as warm,but they have a dry season of three months or more when little rain falls.Tree leaves fall during this dry season and new leaves grow when the wet season or monsoon(雨季) begins.Thus these areas are known as the “monsoon forest”.
Another type of rain forest grows on tropical mountains.It is often called the “cloud forest” because clouds often hang over the trees like fog.
The rain forest is the ideal place for the growth of many different trees.Most of them depend on animals to eat their fruits and spread their seeds.When the fruits are eaten,the seeds inside them go undamaged through animals’ stomachs and are passed out in their droppings.The seeds lying on the forest floor then grow into new trees.
小题1:The climate of the rain forests near the equator is _______.| A．mild,wet and windy | B．hot,rainy and foggy | | C．hot,wet and cloudy | D．warm,wet and sunny |
小题2:We can learn from the passage that _______.| A．tree leaves are green all the time in the monsoon forest | | B．there is a dry season in the cloud forest on tropical mountains | | C．clouds help the plants in the rain forest near the deserts to grow | | D．the formation of climate in the rain forest has little to do with the trees |
小题3:According to the passage,_______ play the most important role in the spreading of seeds.| A．animals | B．droppings | C．fruits | D．winds |
小题4:This passage is most likely to be found in _______.| A．a travel guide | B．a story book | | C．a technical report | D．a geography book |
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Diane Arbus is known for creating intense black and white photographs of very unusual people. She used a special camera that produced square shaped images. One art expert said Diane Arbus turned photography inside out. Instead of looking at her subjects, she made them look at her.
Diane Arbus was born in 1923 to a wealthy family in New York City. After finishing high school at the age of 18, Diane married Allan Arbus. Mr. Arbus worked in the advertising department of her father’s store.
It was Mr. Arbus who gave Diane her first camera. Diane soon decided to take a class with the famous photographer Berenice Abbott. The Arbuses eventually started taking photographs of clothing. These images were used as advertisements for Diane’s father’s store. After the birth of their daughter, Doon, the Arbuses started a business together. Their purpose was to photograph clothing fashions. Diane Arbus was the stylist. She would prepare the hair and faces of the fashion models who wore the clothing being photographed. Allan Arbus took the pictures.
The couple soon had jobs from important fashion magazines such as “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar”. Their work was very successful during the 1950s. They became part of a group of artists that were helping to redefine visual culture. They were breaking with past traditions to create a new look for a new decade, the sixties.
But Diane was not satisfied with her secondary role. She wanted a more active part in making photographs. She wanted to explore her own artistic expression and freedom. To do this, she stopped working with her husband. Then she started taking photography classes at the New School in New York City.
Arbus’ teacher, Lisette Model, influenced her in many ways. She showed Diane how to use a camera like an expert. She also taught Diane to use her art to face her doubts and fears. Miss Model once said that Diane soon started “not listening to me but suddenly listening to herself.”
小题1:Diane Arbus got her first camera ______.| A．from her father | B．from her husband | | C．in a shop | D．in the advertising department |
小题2:Why did the Arbuses start a business together?| A．To film clothing fashions. | B．To make their daughter happy. | | C．To prove themselves. | D．To make friends with more people. |
小题3:The Arbuses ______ in the 1950s according to the passage.| A．were in charge of “Vogue” | B．earned more than other artists | | C．were recognized as great artists | D．were proud of their achievements |
小题4:We can learn from the last two paragraphs that ______.| A．Diane was hard to dealt with | | B．Diane care more for freedom | | C．Diane was tired of working with husband | | D．Diane learned more from Lisette Model |
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完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
请阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36~55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。
In the clinic,I asked if Michael could be retested,so the specialist tested him again.To my
36 ,it was the same score.
Later that evening,I 37 told Frank what I had learned that day.After talking it over,we agreed that we knew our 38 much better than an IQ(智商) test.We 39 that Michael’s score must have been a 40 and we should treat him 41 as usual.
We moved to Indiana in 1962,and Michael studied at Concordia High School in the same year.He got 42 grades in the school,especially 43 biology and chemistry,which was a great comfort.
Michael 44 Indiana University in 1965 as a pre-medical student.Soon afterwards,his teacher permitted him to take more courses than 45 .In 1968,he was accepted by the School of Medicine,Yale University.
On graduation day in 1972,Frank and I 46 the ceremony(典礼) at Yale.After the ceremony,we told Michael about the 47 IQ score he got when he was six.Since that day,Michael sometimes would look at us and say 48 .“My dear mom and dad never told me that I couldn’t be a doctor,not until after I graduated from medical school!”It is his special way of thanking us for the 49 we had in him.
Interestingly,Michael then 50 another IQ test.We went to the same clinic where he had 51 the test eighteen years before.This time Michael scored 126,an increase of 36 points.A result like that was supposed to be 52 .
Children often do as 53 as what adults,particularly parents and teachers, 54 of them.That is,tell a child he is “ 55 ,”and he may play the role of a foolish child.
36.A.joy B.surprise C.dislike D.disappointment
37.A.tearfully B.fearfully C.cheerfully D.hopefully
38.A.student B.son C.friend D.doctor
39.A.argued B.realized C.decided D.understood
40.A.joke B.mistake C.warning D.wonder
41.A.specially B.strictly C.naturally D.carefully
42.A.poor B.good C.average D.standard
43.A.in B.about C.of D.for
44.A.visited B.chose C.passed D.entered
45.A.allowed B.described C.required D.offered
46.A.missed B.held C.delayed D.attended
47.A.high B.same C.low D.different
48.A.curiously B.eagerly C.calmly D.jokingly
49.A.faith B.interest C.pride D.delight
50.A.looked for B.asked for C.waited for D.prepared for
51.A.received B.accepted C.organized D.discussed
52.A.imperfect B.impossible C.uncertain D.unsatisfactory
53.A.honestly B.much C.well D.bravely
54.A.hear B.learn C.expect D.speak
55.A.wise B.rude C.shy D.stupid |
Teens don’t understand the big fuss(小题大做).As the first generation to grow up in a wired world,they hardly know a time when computers weren’t around,and they eagerly catch the chance to spend hours online,chatting with friends.So what?
But researchers nationwide are increasingly worried that teens are becoming isolated(孤寂),less skillful at person-to-person relationships,and perhaps numb(麻木) to the cheatings that are so much a part of the e-mail world.“And a teen’s sense of self and values may be changed in a world where personal connections can be limitless,”said Sherry Turkle.
Another researcher,Robert Kraut,said he’s worried about the “opportunity costs”(机会成本) of so much online time for youths.He found that teens who used computers,even just a few hours a week,showed increased signs of loneliness and social isolation.“Chatting online may be better than watching television,but it’s worse than hanging out(闲逛) with real friends,”he said.
Today’s teens,however,don’t see anything strange in the fact that the computer takes up a central place in their social lives.“School is busy and full of pressure.There’s almost no time to just hang out,”said Parker Rice,17.“Talking online is just catch-up time.”
Teens say they feel good about what they say online or taking the time to think about a reply.Some teens admit that asking someone for a date,or breaking up,can be easier in message form,though they don’t want to do so.But they insist there’s no harm.
小题1:The researchers argue that______.| A．teens may develop a different sense of values | | B．nothing is wrong with teens’ chatting online | | C．teens can manage their social connections | | D．spending hours online does much good to teens |
小题2:Teens think that talking online can help them______.| A．use computers properly | | B．improve their school work | | C．develop an interest in social skills | | D．reduce their mental pressures |
小题3:The text mainly deals with______.| A．teens’ pleasant online experience | | B．teens’ computer skills and school work | | C．the effects of the computer world on teens | | D．different opinions on teens’ chatting online |
小题4:The purpose of the text is to______.| A．describe computer research results | | B．draw attention to teens’ computer habits | | C．suggest ways to deal with problem teens | | D．discuss problems teens have at school |
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A small town in southwest Britain is banning(禁止) plastic bags in an attempt to help the environment and cut waste—a step that environmentalists believe is a first for Europe.
Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1500,agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday.They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead.
Last month,San Franciso became the first U.S. city to ban plastic grocery bags.Internationally,laws to discourage the use of plastic bags have been passed in parts of South Africa and Ireland,where governments either tax shoppers who use them or fine companies that hand them out.Bangladesh already bans them,and so do at least 30 remote Alaskan villages.
Modbury,about 225 miles southwest of London,has also declared a bag amnesty(宽限期),allowing local people to hand in plastic bags that have piled up at home.They will be sent for traveling.
The Modbury ban was the idea of Rebecca Hosking,who saw the effect of bags on marine life while working in the Pacific as a wildlife camerawoman.She said response(反应) in the town so far had been “really positive”.
“Modbury is quite an old-fashioned town and a lot of people have wicker baskets to go out shopping anyway,”Hosking told Sky News Television.
The Worldwatch Institute,an environmental research agency,states that 100 billion plastic bags are thrown away each year in the United States alone.More than 500 billion are used yearly around the world.
小题1:What was Rebecca Hosking?| A．A lawyer. | B．An environmentalist. | | C．A sailor. | D．A photographer. |
小题2:The underlined word “disposable” in the passage probably means _______.| A．acceptable | B．valuable | | C．throw-away | D．long-lasting |
小题3:It can be inferred from the passage that _______.| A．most of the people in Modbury continue to use plastic bags | | B．fewer and fewer plastic bags will be used in the world | | C．San Francisco is the first city to ban plastic bags in the world | | D．most countries in the world have passed laws to ban plastic bags |
小题4:Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?| A．Environmental Protection | | B．Big Cities Banning Plastic Bags | | C．Effect of Plastic Bags on Sea Animals | | D．British Town Banning Plastic Bags |
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