Tests administered（实施）to most elementary and high-school students in the United
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Tests administered（实施）to most elementary and high-school students in the United States exert（发挥）an unfavorable influence on science and math teaching， according to a new ＄1 million study performed for the National Science Foundation．And because schools with high minority enrollments（入学）generally place a greater reliance（相信）on scores from these tests， the study finds，there tends to be “a gap in instructional emphases between high and low minority classrooms that differs from our national concern for the quality of education．”
George F．Madaus and his colleagues at Boston College analyzed not only the six most widely used national standardized tests， but also the tests designed to accompany（go with）the four most commonly used science and math texts in fourth-grade，eighth-grade，and high-school classrooms．Though curriculum（teaching program）experts argue that schools should place greater emphasis on problem solving and reasoning， the new study shows that the tests focus on lower-level skills—primarily mechanical memorization of routine formulas（公式）．
Researchers surveyed more than 2，200 math and science instructors，interviewing in depth some 300 teachers and administrators．Especially in schools with high minority enrollments，teachers reported feeling pressured to help students perform well on these tests．Some states judge schools and some schools determine teacher assignments（工作安排）based on students" test scores．
“With so much worry，”Madaus says，“teachers feel forced to focus their instruction on drilling what the tests will measure—at the expense of the more valuable，higher-level skills．”
小题1:The author of this article states that ____ _ ．| A．the tests don"t affect teaching in most elementary and high schools | | B．the science and math teaching is influenced by the present tests | | C．no study is performed on tests for the National Science Foundation | | D．the United States exerts a strong influence on science and math teaching |
小题2:It can be inferred that in high minority classrooms ____ _ ．| A．the students can not get high score from the tests | | B．scores from the tests are not important | | C．instructional emphases are unfavourable | | D．teaching doesn"t focus on the quality of education |
小题3:According to the second paragraph，the study has discovered that ____ _ ．| A．emphasis of teaching is on problem solving and reasoning | | B．curriculum is good for national standardized tests | | C．the tests mainly center around the memorization of some formulas | | D．routine formulas are not useful for students to memorize |
小题4:According to Madaus" opinion，teachers are forced to ____ _ ．| A．evaluate（评估）students" skills every year | | B．suffer so much worry on the texts | | C．teach what will be tested | | D．focus their instruction on useful drillings |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:C |
解析
小题1:根据文中第1句 Tests … exert an unfavorable influence on science and math teaching, according to a new $ million study … 证明A、C错，并且也说明政府的政策并没有得到贯彻。
小题2:根据第一段第2句 And because schools with high minority enrollments generally place a greater reliance on scores …. that differs from our national concern for the quality of education. 学校的指导方针对学校、学生有利，因此C不完全正确。
小题3:根据第二段末 … tests focus on lower-level skills — primarily mechanical memorization of routine formulas. 所以去A选C。文中没涉及课程设置与考试之间的关系，B错；公式肯定应该记，但它只是手段而非目的。
小题4:根据第四段 With so much worry, teachers feel forced to focus their attention on drilling what the tests will measure—at the expense of the more valuable, high—level skills. |
举一反三
TLike most big projects, learning to manage your mother well is what you should do. Here are what I believe the best steps towards a better relationship with her. They are not necessarily surprising or revolutionary, but they have worked for many people. Try them.
Remember your mother’s age. As children, we often do not think of our mother as having an age. Even when we become conscious of her as an individual, age does not change our view; she is still our mother. Knowing our mother’s age, not just in numbers of years but in terms of her psychological and physical state, often helps us to understand her better.
Listen to your mother. I have found that sometimes the things my mother told me long ago are remarkably useful. If your mother knows that you respect her point of view, even if you do not share it, it will help her feel close to you.
Remember that your mother has a past. A key step in managing our relationship with our mother is to find out about her early life. Niclle’s mother suffered much during the Second War World War. “My parents are both Jewish-Turkish. They met in France and married young for love. They were in their twenties when war broke out and because they were Jews, they had to go into hiding. She does speak to me about the war, and I think it is important to know what she went through. It is a part of her life that must have affected her deeply. ” Sometimes, in learning about our mother’s past, we know that it can encourage us to think about her whole life.
Ask your mother about your childhood history. My grandparents died when I was young. If you are fortunate enough to have living family, think of your life as a jigsaw puzzle and ask as many questions as you can to put the picture together. Understanding your roots and your childhood can help you now more clearly who you are, as part of a family which you share with your mother.
Keep a sense of humor about your mother. When we hear about someone else’s misfortunes with their mothers and are amused by them, our laughter is one of recognition. I have often listened to stories of difficult mothers and I have also listened to the following piece of advice they have found most helpful is: “Don’t have a sense of humor failure about your mother. ”
Remember that managing your mother is really about managing yourself. Taking any measure to managing our mother is the issue of how we manage ourselves. No matter how difficult we find her, it is important to remember that is not her behavior it self that is causing us discomfort, but the way we feel about her behavior. We should follow the way of her life. At the heart of managing your mother is being able to accept your flawed self. Only then are you able to accept your mother—-with all her failings.
小题1:The followings are the steps you can take to get on with your mother EXCEPT________. | A．Remember your mother’s age and past | | B．Share your roots and your childhood with your mother | | C．Have a sense of humor failure about your mother | | D．Managing your shortcoming while managing your mother |
小题2:What does the underlined phrase “a jigsaw puzzle” mean?小题3: Which of the following is implied but not stated in the passage?| A．It will help you have a better relationship with your mother if you respect her opinion. | | B．You should follow a most useful piece of advice——a sense of humor. | | C．The key measure of managing our mother is how we manage ourselves. | | D．It is unreasonable to expect our mother to change totally from the way she was brought up. |
小题4:The main purpose of writing the text is ________. | A．to give information about how we think of your mother. | | B．to improve the relationship with your mother. | | C．to keep a sense of humor about your mother all day long. | | D．to accept your mother—-with all her failings. |
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A black hole is created when a large star burns out. Like our sun, stars are unbelievably hot furnaces (熔炉) that burn their own matter as fuel. When most of the fuel is used up, the star begins to die.
The death of a star is not a quiet event. First there is a huge explosion. As its outer layer is blasted off into space, the dying star shines as brightly as a billion suns.
After the explosion gravity pulls in what’s left of the star. As the outside of the star sinks toward the center, the star gets smaller and smaller. The material the star is made of becomes tightly packed together. A star is so dense that a teaspoon of matter from it weighs billion of pounds.
The more the star shrinks, the stronger the gravity inside it becomes. Soon the star is very tiny, and the gravity pulling it in is unbelievably strong. In fact, the gravity is so strong that it even pulls light into the star! Since all the light is pulled in, none can go out. The star becomes black when there is no light. Then a black hole is born!
That’s what we know about black holes. What we don’t know is this: What happens inside a black hole after the star has been squeezed into a tiny ball? Does it keep getting smaller and smaller forever? Such a possibility is hard to imagine.
But if the black hole doesn’t keep shrinking, what happens to it? Some scientists think black holes are like doorways to another world. They say that as the star disappears from our universe, it goes into another universe. In other words a black hole in our universe could turn into a “white hole” in a different universe. As the black hole swallows light, the white hole shines brightly—somewhere else. But where? A different place, perhaps, or a different time — many years in the past or future.
Could you travel through a black hole? Right now, no. Nothing we know of could go into a black hole without being crushed. So far the time being, black hole must remain a mystery.
Black holes are a mystery—but that hasn’t stopped scientists from dreaming about them. One scientist suggested that in the future we might make use of the power of black holes. They would supply all of Earth’s energy needs, with plenty to spare. Another scientist wondered if a black hole could some day be used to swallow earthly waste—a sort of huge waste disposal(处理) in the sky!
小题1:When the star begins to die ______.| A．there is no fuel left in it | B．its outer layer goes into space first | | C．a huge explosion will happen | D．it doesn’t give off light any longer |
小题2:Which of the following doesn’t help produce a black hole?| A．The gravity inside the star is very strong. | B．The light can’t go out of the star. | | C．The star becomes smaller and smaller | D．The dying star shines very brightly. |
小题3:The black hole ______.| A．continues becoming smaller and smaller all the time | | B．goes into another universe and becomes a white hole | | C．can pull in everything we know of in the world | | D．will appear at another place at a different time |
小题4:What’s the best title for this passage?| A．A New Scientific Discovery: Black Holes | | B．How Do Black Holes Come Into Being? | | C．What Are Black Holes? | | D．Travel Through A Black Hole |
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International Studies (BA)
Key features
● Recognizes the “global community”（国际社会）
● Has close connections with practical research
● Much of the teaching is done in small discussion groups
About the course
The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.
The course puts theories into the working of the international system with close attention to particular countries. You will also have a better knowledge of methods of solving the international problems.
Related（相关的）courses
BA (Hons) Community Management
BA (Hons) Public Policy and Management
Employment possibilities
International organizations
International business
Earth Science (BSc)
Key features
● Based on key courses and the latest research findings
● Pays much attention to practical skills
● Offers chances for fieldwork（实地考察）
About the course
The demand for natural resources is becoming an increasingly serious problem for the future of mankind. Graduates in Earth Science will play an important role in meeting this demand, and in knowing the meaning of using the natural resources.
The course covers geography and geology. You will carry out fieldwork in the UK and possibly overseas, and a research in an area of interest to you in the final year.
Related courses
BSc (Hons) Geograhpy
BSc (Hons) Geology
Employment possibilities
Mineral, oil, water or other related engineering industries
小题1:International Studies is a course in ________.| A．international polities | B．international business | | C．international systems | D．international bodies |
小题2:After taking the course of International Studies, the students will _______.| A．become practical and open-minded | | B．have a greater ability to discuss theories | | C．know how to settle international problems | | D．have good jobs in any international organizations |
小题3: Earth Science, as described in the second text, ________.| A．is attractive because of the chances for fieldwork | | B．pays more attention to practical skills than theories | | C．is built on important courses and the results of recent studies | | D．encourages students to play a role in using natural resources |
小题4:It can be inferred that the above two texts are written for the students who _______.| A．enjoy research work | B．plan to choose courses | | C．study in the UK | D．are interested in overseas fieldwork |
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Having one of those days or weeks — when everything seems to annoy you? Even if you do nothing about it, your bad mood will probably go away after some time. But with a little effort, you can forget it much faster — often within a day or two.
Walk it off
Exercise is the most popular bad-mood buster. A person who’s in a bad mood has low energy and high tension. Taking a fast ten-minute walk, or doing some quick exercises can do wonders towards changing that bad mood.
Tune it out
Listening to your favorite music for a while can also make tension go away quickly, because music starts associations with past positive experiences we’ve had.
Give yourself a pep talk
Stop and listen to what’s on your mind. Bad moods are often started by too many negative thoughts. Write them all down on paper; the pessimistic (悲观的) messages you’ve been giving yourself and then give optimistic answers. ("I still don’t have a job. "vs" I have two interviews next week.")
Reduce your stress
Relaxation techniques are wonderful mood-lifters. These include deep breathing, stretching and visualizing (想象), all of which sound complicated but aren’t. One easy way to visualize: close your eyes and picture a favorite place, such as the beach. Another simple way to against distress is to make a to-do list. One reason for being in a bad mood is feeling you have no options(选择权) By taking control over certain areas, you realize you’re not helpless. You can make changes in your mood and life.
Avoid things that won’t improve your mood
TV may not help much: You need to increase your energy level and stimulate your mind something — that the TV show "Neighbors" won’t do. And before you reach for that piece of cake and coffee, think about how mood and food are linked. Sugar and caffeine contribute to depressed moods. The better choice? Research shows that carbohydrates, such as potatoes and pasta, produce a calming effect in people who have a desire for them.
小题1:We learn from the text that it might help rid us of a bad mood ________.| A．to do nothing about it | | B．to take a long walk on the beach | | C．to do some exercises with light music | | D．to talk it to neighbours |
小题2: Why is it suggested that you close your eyes and picture the beach?| A．It is not complicated to do so. | | B．It is an area to be easily controlled. | | C．It helps beat a bad mood. | | D．It brings us a new technique. |
小题3:TV may not improve your mood because ________.| A．it sometimes shows what happens around you | | B．it keeps you stay unmoved | | C．it reminds you of eating and drinking | | D．it produces a calming effect |
小题4:This text most probably appears in ________.| A．a book on physical exercises | B．a doctor’s handbook | | C．a notice | D．a magazine |
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An allowance is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions. Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.
How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is not right amount. Actual amounts differ from region to region, and from family to family.
To set an appropriate allowance for your child, work up a weekly budget. Allow for entertainment expenditures such as movies and snacks. Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies. "If you make the child responsible for these ‘ ills’," says Josephine Swanson, a consumer specialist, " he or she will learn to budget for necessary expenditures."
Finally, add some extra money to make saving possible. If you can, keep your child’s allowance in line with that of his friends. A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers’ can feel left out.
It can be tough, but avoid excusing your children when they make a mistake with their allowance. When Brooke Stephens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville, her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch." If you lose your money," Brooke’s mother told her, "you walk home."
One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, then she called home for a ride. " Mom made me walk home," recalls Stephens, now a financial planner in Brooklyn. " At first I was angry. But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson. "
Experts advise that an allowance should not be tied directly to a child’s daily chores. Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of a family. You might, however, pay a child for doing extra jobs at home, which can develop his or her initiative.
小题1: Which of the following is the possible title of the passage?| A．How to develop a child’s initiative. | | B．How to work up an amount of pocket money. | | C．How to teach a child to save money. | | D．How to teach a child about money. |
小题2: It can be inferred from the passage that if a child is given an allowance, he or she may ________.| A．spend all the money very soon | | B．be spoiled and finally ruined | | C．feel responsible and careful about money | | D．lost the money and can not return home |
小题3: In Paragraph 4, the words “his peers” refer to ________.| A．his parents | B．his teachers | C．his financial experts | D．his friends |
小题4:The author implies in the passage that ________.| A．paying children for their housework is no good | | B．a child’s initiative can be developed if he or she is paid for all the housework | | C．children may feel lost and lonely if they have no pocket money | | D．children may learn to put aside some money if they are given a great amount of pocket money |
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