阅读理解 The Cost of Higher Education
题型：模拟题难度：来源：
Individuals(个人)should pay for their higher education.
A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual.Graduates earn more than
nongraduates.Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree.However, only
some people have it.So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it.There are pressing calls on
the resources(资源)of the government.Using taxpayers" money to help a small number of people to
earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding(资助)is not very good for universities.Adam Smith worked in a Scottish
university whose teachers lived off student fees.He knew and looked down upon 18thcentury Oxford,
where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government.Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work；and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the
students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their
teachers.And their teachers have to keep them satisfied.If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving
less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy(经济).
Man y graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest(投资)
and create jobs.If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are
economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs.
Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest.
Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.
1. The underlined word"them"in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A. taxpayers
B. pressing calls
C. college graduates
D. government resources
2. The author thinks that with full government funding ________.
A. teaching are less satisfied
B. students are more demanding
C. students will become more competent
D. teachers will spend less time on teaching
3. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to ________.
A. argue against free university education
B. call on them to finance students" studies
C. encourage graduates to go into business
D. show their contribution to higher education
答案
举一反三
old.Yet doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life.
Scientists note that babies are strongly influenced by their environment.They say a baby will smile if
her mother does something the baby likes.A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please
her mother or other caregivers.This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human
beings.
One study shows that babies can learn before they are born.The researchers placed a tape recorder
on the stomach of a pregnant woman.Then,they played a recording of a short story.On the day the baby
wasborn,the researchers attempted to find if he knew the sounds of the story repeated while in his mother.They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby.
The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way.If the baby moved his mouth the other way,he would hear a different story.The researchers say the baby clearly liked the story he heard before he was born.They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again.
Another study shows how mothers can strongly influence social development and language skills in
their children.
Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years.The researchers attempted
to measure the sensitivity of the mothers.The women were considered sensitive if they supported their
children"s activites and did not interfere unnecessarily.They tested the children for thinking and language
development when they were three years old.Also,the researchers observed the women for signs of
depression.
The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not
suffer from depression.The children of depressed women did poorly in tests of language skills and
understanding what they hear.
These children also were less cooperative and had more problems dealing with other people.The
researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their
children.Children did better when their mothers were caring,even when they suffered from depression.
1．According to the passage,which of the following is NOT the factor that influences the intelligence
development in babies?
A．The environment.
B．Mother"s sensitivity
C．Their peers (同龄人).
D．Education before birth.
2．What is the purpose of the experiment in which newborn babies heard the stories?
A．To prove that babies can learn before they are born.
B．To prove that babies can learn on the first day they are born.
C．To show mothers can strongly influence the intelligence developent in their babies.
D．To indicate early education has a deep effect on the babies" language skills.
3．Which group of children did the worst in tests of language skills?
A．The children of depressed mothers who cared little for their children.
B．The children of women who did not suffer from depression.
C．The children of depressed but caring mothers.
D．Children with high communication abilities.
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Scientific findings about how babies develop before birth.
B．Scientific findings about how the environment has an effect on babies"intelligence.
C．A study shows babies are not able to learn things until they are born or six months old.
D．Scientific findings about how intelligence develops in babies.
Monday.Socially active people who were not easily stressed had a 50 percent lower risk of developing
dementia compared with men and women who were isolated and prone to distress,they reported in the
journal Neurology.
"In the past,studies have shown that chronic distress (长期抑郁) can affect parts of the brain,possibly
leading to dementia," HuiXin Wang of the Karolinska Institute in Sweden,who led the study,said in a
statement."But our findings suggest that having a calm and outgoing personality in combination with a
socially active lifestyle may decrease the risk of developing dementia even further."
An estimated 24 million people worldwide have memory loss,problems with direction and other
symptoms that signal Alzheimer"s disease and other forms of dementia.Researchers believe the number of
people with dementia may quadruple (变为四倍) by 2050,underlining the importance of better
understanding the condition.
The Swedish study involved 506 elderly people who did not have dementia when first examined.The
volunteers were given questionnaires about their personality traits and lifestyles and then tracked for six
years.Over that time,144 people developed dementia with more socially active and less stressed men and women 50 percent less likely to be diagnosed with the condition.
"The good news is,lifestyle factors can be modified as opposed to genetic factors which cannot be
controlled," Wang said."But these are early results,so how exactly mental attitude influences risk for
dementia is not clear."
1．Study suggests that________.
A．women have a 50 percent lower risk of developing dementia than men
B．50 percent of elderly people have the risk of developing dementia
C．people with active lifestyles will never develop dementia
D．going to a party will cut the risk of developing dementia
2．________people are believed to develop dementia in one year on average in the future 40 years.
A．About 1.8 million
B．About 24 million
C．About 72 million
D．About 96 million
3．It can be inferred that________could be a good way to decrease the risk of developing dementia.
A．living alone in a deserted island
B．modifying genetic factors
C．changing lifestyles
D．getting away from activities
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．It is not clear whether mental attitude influences the risk of developing dementia.
B．The people involved in the Swedish study are never diagnosed with dementia.
C．Memory loss,direction confusion could be the symptoms of dementia.
D．The number of people with calm and outgoing personality is growing.
When you recognize your teen is under stress,how can parents help your teen stay calm before an exam?
Be involved.Parents need to be involved in their teen"s work.1.________What they look for is your
presence-to talk,to cry,or simply to sit with them quietly.Communicate openly with your teen.Encourage
your teen to express her worries and fears,but don"t let them focus on those fears.
Help them get organized.2.________Together,you and your teen can work out a timetable in which
she can study for what she knows will be on the test.
Provide a calm setting.Help your teen set up a quiet place to study and protect his privacy.Give them a nutritious diet.It is important for your teen to eat a healthy,balanced diet during exam times to focus and do her best.3.________If this happens,encourage your teen to eat light meals or sandwiches.A healthy diet,
rather than junk food,is best for reducing stress.
4. ________Persuade your teenager to get some sleep and/or do something active when she needs a real break from studying.Making time for relaxation,fun,and exercise are all important in reducing stress.Help your teen balance her time so that she will feel comfortable taking time out from studying to spend
time with friends or rest.
Show a positive attitude.5.________Your panic,anxiety and blame contribute to your teen"s pressure.Make your teen feel accepted and valued for her efforts.Most importantly,reassure your teen that things
will be all right,no matter what the results are.
B. Exam stress can make some teens lose their appetite.
C. They will only make the situation worse.
D. Encourage your teen to relax.
E. The best thing is simply to listen.
F. Help your teen think about what she has to study and plan accordingly.
G. Your teen may also make negative comments about themselves.
All parents have skyhigh hopes for their children.We want them to be confident and content.What can parents do to help their kids grow up to lead happy lives? Experts advise：
1．Helping them find their talents.In order to succeed，children need to feel they’re good at
something.So expose your children to as many interests as possible，then let them choose those they like best.
2．Applauding their achievements. A study found that students whose p
arents paid attention to
their abilities were far more likely to do well in school-and in life-than students whose parents didn’t show such support.So celebrate your kids’achievements，no matter how small they are.
3．Praising their efforts. Kids won’t always come out on top.Still，they deserve kudos (赞誉) for trying their best.Tenyearold April Cutler，for example，has had tro
uble with math since second grade.
"She usually gets C’s on her report card，but last year she was determined to get A’s and worked hard at it，" says her mom.“When the first grading period ended，April was disappointed when she got a B
minus in math，" Lueille continues.“But my husband and I told her we were very proud that she’d
improved.That inspired her to try even harder.She got a B plus for the next period !"
4．Letting them make decisions and mistakes.Making his/her own decisions increases a child’s
sense of control and builds his/her selfesteem (自尊心)．And allowing kids to make wr
ong decisions-so
long as doing so won’t harm them-helps kids learn from their mistakes.
5．Encouraging them to solve their own problems.As they grow，children need practice in
communicating，standing up for themselves and compromising.One of the best places to learn these skills
is at home.So the next time your child runs to you complaining that her brother is blaming her，step back
and let them work it out.
1．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To encourage parents to admire their kids.
B．To show how to praise kids.
C．To help kids study harder.
D．To give advice on how to help kids become mature.
2．The passage is mainly intended for________.
A．kids
B．parents
C．teachers
D．educators
3．From the example of April Cutler
，we can learn that________.
A．praising kids’ efforts can help them make greater progress
B．setting a high goal makes kids feel discouraged
C．solving problems by themselves helps kids feel confident
D．interest is the best teacher
4．Why should parents allow kids to make mistakes?
A．Making mistakes is a normal thing for a kid.
B．Adults also make mistakes now and then.
C．Kids can learn something valuable from their mistakes.
D．Making mistakes won’t harm kids.
Between 1993 and 1995,Atul Singhal of the Institute of Child Health and his colleagues researched 299 fullterm newborns,each of whom weighed very little for their age.The babies" moms had decided not to breastfeed (用母乳喂养)．
2．________The rest received a formula with more nutrients and 28 percent more protein than the standard formula.The growth of all of these children was compared to that of 175 similarly low birthweight babies whose mothers had chosen to breastfeed their children for their first 9 months.3.________They found 83 babies from the normalformula group,70 babies from the extraformula group,and 95 babies from the breast fed group.4.________According to the latest data,children who had received the extra formula had significantly higher blood pressures than those in the other two groups.
Seven human tests have indeed shown that when infants are overfed before being stopped breastfeeding,they have an increased possibility to become fat as youngsters.
No matter how big a child is at birth,he or she will probably reach the same adult
height no matter how quickly the baby grows.But reaching one"s adult size at a slowtomoderate speed may have a lot of benefits,as Singhal says.5.________B．When they grow up,they might have high blood pressure.
C．These babies have very little energy because they are so small.
D．Six to eight years later,the researchers gave the children a series of measurements and tests.
E．The results were quite surprising.
F．Tiny babies will grow much slower if they are not specially fed.
G．His advice to parents:Be patient.Don"t rush a child"s growth.
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