Did you know that there are actually people who have paid for a flight to the mo
题型：不详难度：来源：
Did you know that there are actually people who have paid for a flight to the moon? In the future, there will be a lot more opportunities to travel to faraway places than now… perhaps even as far as the moon. As people adventure further and further away and as planes, trains, cars, and rocket ships become faster, is it safer to have these vehicles controlled by humans or by computers?
While many flights by plane are controlled automatically by machines, most people today wouldn’t let their car drive itself. That’s because currently the autopilot function on your car can only keep it on the same course you are travelling on. It won’t turn the car right or left. It won’t stop if an animal jumps in the way. However, cars today can sense when something is too close and warn the driver with flashing lights and alarms. Many cars also have GPS（global positioning systems） that tell drivers which road to take and when to turn. These systems, unlike human drivers, never get lost. In the future, it is easy to believe that your car will be better able to drive itself with the aid of computers that can determine the position of your car and the speed it should travel at.
In addition to computers being ‘smarter’ than people regarding the best way to go or knowing how close another vehicle is, computers don’t get sick, tired, or angry. This means they won’t make the same mistakes that people make when they are not having a good day. While responding with emotion is a good thing when choosing the best way to deal with a friend’s personal problem, it may not be such a good thing when deciding what to do at the wheel of a fast-moving vehicle.
So what are the disadvantages of autopilot systems? Maybe one disadvantage is that a small computer problem could cause a serious accident. It could also be argued that in unexpected situations, computers might not be able to respond appropriately; some decisions require human emotions. Another problem might be that if everything were controlled by computers or robots, people wouldn’t have any jobs.
小题1:What is the best title for the passage?| A．The Development of Autopilot | | B．Technology of Future Travel | | C．A New Driving System | | D．Computerized Cars |
小题2:Which of the following is the disadvantage of an autopilot system?| A． It won’t make the same mistakes as people do. | | B． It can point out the best route for the driver. | | C． It might not respond properly to unexpected situations. | | D．It does not have human emotions to influence its function. |
小题3:If some falling rocks roll down toward your car, the autopilot on your car will_______.| A．inform you of the danger | | B．turn the car right or left | | C．do nothing about it | | D．stop the car |
小题4:What’s the author’s attitude towards the autopilot?| A．Approving. | B．Objective. | C．Negative. | D．Doubtful. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍未来人类可以利用自动驾驶仪来操纵自己的汽车，文章客观的介绍了自动驾驶仪的优缺点。
小题1:标题确定题：根据文章的内容和第一段的句子：As people adventure further and further away and as planes, trains, cars, and rocket ships become faster, is it safer to have these vehicles controlled by humans or by computers可知这篇文章讲的是未来旅游的方式，选B
小题2:细节题：根据文章最后一段的句子：It could also be argued that in unexpected situations, computers might not be able to respond appropriately;可知自动驾驶仪的缺点是在预料之外的情况中它可能不能做出适当的反应，选C
小题3:细节题：根据文章第二段的句子：However, cars today can sense when something is too close and warn the driver with flashing lights and alarms.可知如果有些滚下的石头朝你的汽车过来了，你的汽车自动驾驶仪会通知你危险的，选A。
小题4:推理题：从文章的内容：可知作者介绍了自动驾驶仪的优点和缺点，没有给出自己份观点，所以他对于自动驾驶仪的态度是客观的，选B。 |
举一反三
The English test will be removed from China’s college entrance exam by 2020, according to details of exam and admission reform revealed by the Ministry of Education. The national college exam, known as the “Gaokao” has been used to evaluate Chinese students for three decades. The Ministry of Education has worked out a plan for reforming exams and enrollment. The Ministry will solicit(征求) public opinions before its release. Instead, tests will be held several times a year to allow students to choose when and how often they sit the exam so as to ease study pressure and change China’s once-in-a-lifetime exam system.
The plan and suggestion for its implementation(实施) will be announced in the first half of next year. It will be piloted in selected provinces and cities and promoted nationwide from 2017. A new exam and admission system will be established by 2020, according to the education ministry.
The decision has aroused a heated discussion among Shanghai educators and parents who doubted the reform would reduce the burden of learning English or if the substitute test could reflect a student’s English skills and help students learn English better.
“The reform shows China is learning from the West to give students more test-taking chances. But more chances might become more of a burden since Chinese students are likely to repeat the test until they get the highest score,” said Cai Jigang, a professor at Fudan University’s College of Foreign Languages and Literature and chairman of the Shanghai Advisory Committee for College English Teaching at Tertiary level.
Yu Lizhong, chancellor of New York University Shanghai, where classes are in English and students are required to have a high standard of English, said the most important aspect of the reform lay in what to test and how to test.
“As far as I see, the reform doesn’t mean English is no longer important for Chinese students after it will be excluded from the college entrance exam,” Yu said. “In a way, English is even more important than before since the test would only serve as reference, while every college and university, even every major, can have different requirements of a student’s English skills under a diverse evaluation system.”
Yu said some students will have their study pressure reduced if the major they choose doesn’t need excellent English while others still need to study hard if they want to be among the best students.
The education ministry said the reform would not affect students attending the college entrance exam over the next three years.
小题1:What can we learn from the first paragraph?| A．English will become less and less important in the stage of compulsory education. | | B．It has been 30 years since English became one subject of national college entrance exam. | | C．China’s once-in-a-lifetime exam system is unacceptable at all. | | D．The system that tests are held several times does more good than once-in-a-lifetime exam system. |
小题2:According to the passage, Shanghai educators and parents argue that________.| A．the new exam and admission system will make no difference. | | B．English shouldn’t be removed from China’s college entrance exam. | | C．the reform may accomplish the very opposite. | | D．Western educational system does not apply to China. |
小题3:What does the passage try to express in the underlined sentence?| A．Students needn’t lay a good foundation during the period of high school. | | B．Whether students should study English hard may depend on their major. | | C．Students can constantly struggle for perfection only in their major. | | D．English must be close to full mark. |
小题4:What’s the purpose of the passage?| A．To advise students not to devote themselves to English. | | B．To call on Education Department to remove English from “Gaokao”. | | C．To support the act of Ministry of Education | | D．To encourage students to do as they have planned. |
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No one wants to be tested. We would all like to get a driver’s license without answering questionsabout rights of way or showing that we can parallel park a car. Many future lawyers and doctors probablywish they could join their profession without taking an exam.
But tests and standards are a necessary fact of life. They protect us from unskilled drivers, harmful products and dishonest professionals. In schools too exams play a. constructive role. They tell public officials whether new school programs are making a difference and where new investments are likely to pay off.
They tell teachers what their students have learned--and have not. They tell parents how their children are doing compared with others their age. They encourage students to make more effort.
It is important to recall that for most of century, educators used intelligence tests to decide whichchildren should get a high-quality education. The point of IQ testing was to find out how much children were capable of learning rather than to test what they had actually learned. Based on IQ scores, millions of children
were assigned to dumbed-down programs instead of solid courses in science, math, history, literature andforeign language.
This history reminds us that tests should be used to improve education. Every child should have access to a high-quality education. Students should have full opportunity to learn what will be tested; otherwise theirscores will merely reflect whether they come from an educated family.
In the past few years, we have seen the enormous benefits that flow to disadvantaged students because of the information provided by state tests. Those who fall behind are now getting extra instruction inafter-school classes and summer programs. In their efforts to improve student performance, states are
increasing teachers salaries, testing new teachers and insisting on better teacher education.
Performance in education means the mastery of both knowledge and skills. This is why it is reasonable totest teachers to make sure they know their subject matter, as well as how to teach it to young children. And this is why it is reasonable to assess whether students are ready to advance to the next grade or graduate
from high school.
小题1:According to the passage, school exams enable ______. | A．governments to make right policieshave made efforts | | B．students to meet their teachers" requirements | | C．teachers to understand if their students | | D．parents to compare their kids" behavior across schools |
小题2:"Dumbed - down programs" in Paragraph 3 refer to the programs which .| A．lead to high-quality education | | B．are less academically challenging | | C．are intended for intelligent students | | D．enable children to make steady progress |
小题3:Which of the following does the author probably agree with?| A．Disadvantaged students can benefit from state tests. | | B．Tests should focus on what students have actually learned. | | C．Intelligent tests decide if children should get a high - quality education. | | D．Intelligent tests are helpful in separating excellent students from poor ones. |
小题4:What is the purpose of the passage?| A．To re-assess the value of IQ testing. | | B．To defend the role of testing in education. | | C．To explain what high-quality education means. | | D．To call for thorough and complete reform in education. |
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A blind baby is doubly handicapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus（刺激）from its environment that a sighted child does, it is likely to be slow in intellectual development. Now the ten-month old son of Dr. and Mrs. Dennis Daughters is the subject of an unusual psychological experiment designed to prevent a lag（滞后）in the learning process. With the aid of a sonar-type electronic that he wears on his head, infant(婴儿) Dennis is learning to identify the people and objects in the world around him by means of echoes(回声).
The device is an improvement of the “Sonicguide”, an instrument produced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif, and used by blind adults in addition to a smart or guide dog. As adapted for Dennis, it consists of a battery-powered system about the size of a half dollar that is on a headgear. A transmitter sends out an ultrasonic(超声的) pulse that creates an 80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived (felt) as sounds that vary in pitch(音调) and volume(音量) with the size and distance of the object.
The closer an object is, the lower the pitch, and the larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a sharp ping, while soft ones send back signals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the right of Denny’s sends back a louder sound to his right ear than to the left. Thus , by simply moving his head right and left and up and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some notion of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound(超声波) passes its edges. Dennis likes to use the device to play a kind of peek-a-boo with his mother. Standing on her knee and facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By turning his head away, he makes her seem to disappear. “From the first time he wore it,” says Mrs. Daughters, “it was like a light going on in his head.”
What remains to be determined is how well the device will help Dennis cope with his surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his environment.
Meanwhile, Telesensory, Inc, is working on the development of sonar(声纳) device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Dennis’s for use by school-age children.
小题1:Dr. and Mrs. Daughters’ research is directed to ________.| A．helping the blind to see and learn as well as others | | B．benefiting the learning process of blind children | | C．solving blind children’s psychological problems | | D．finding out how children develop intellectually |
小题2:Infant Dennis becomes the subject of the experiment most probably because ________.| A．he already lags behind the sighted children | | B．he leads a life as normal as any other children | | C．he is at the early stage of the learning process | | D．he has the aid of a sonar-type electronic device |
小题3:What can we learn about infant Dennis’ device?| A．Its first design was designed for blind adults. | | B．Its battery is as small as a half-dollar coin. | | C．It is functionally similar to a sane and guide dog. | | D．It has been improved by Telesensory Systems, Inc. |
小题4:In the third paragraph, “its edges” refers to ___________ .| A．the edge of an object | | B．the edge of the device | | C．the boundary of Dennis’ movement | | D．the boundary of the sound pitch. |
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The English test will be removed from China’s college entrance exam by 2020, according to details of exam and admission reform revealed by the Ministry of Education. The national college entrance exam, known as the “Gaokao” has been used to evaluate Chinese students for three decades. The Ministry of Education has worked out a plan for reforming exams and enrollment. The Ministry will solicit(征求) public opinions before its release. Instead, tests will be held several times a year to allow students to choose when and how often they sit the exam so as to alleviate study pressure and change China’s once-in-a-lifetime exam system.
The plan and suggestions for its implementation will be announced in the first half of next year. It will be piloted in selected provinces and cities and promoted nationwide from 2017. A new exam and admission system will be established by 2020, according to the education ministry.
The decision has aroused a heated discussion among Shanghai educators and parents who doubted the reform would reduce the burden of learning English or if the substitute test could reflect a student’s English skills and help students learn English better.
“The reform shows China is learning from the West to give students more test-taking chances. But more chances might become more of a burden since Chinese students are likely to repeat the test until they get the highest score,” said Cai Jigang, a professor at Fudan University’s College of Foreign Languages and Literature and chairman of the Shanghai Advisory Committee for College English Teaching at Tertiary Level.
Yu Lizhong, chancellor of New York University Shanghai, where classes are in English and students are required to have a high standard of English, said the most important aspect of the reform lay in what to test and how to test.
“ As far as I see, the reform doesn’t mean English is no longer important for Chinese students after it will be excluded from the unified college entrance exam,” Yu said. “In a way, English is even more important than before since the test would only serve as reference, while every college and university, even every major, can have different requirements of a student’s English skills under a diverse evaluation system. ”
Yu said some students will have their study pressure reduced if the major they choose doesn’t need excellent English while others still need to study hard if they want to be among the best students.
The education ministry said the reform would not affect students attending the college entrance exam over the next three years.
小题1:What can we learn from the first paragraph?| A．English will become less and less important in the stage of compulsory education. | | B．It has been 30 years since English became one subject of national college entrance exam. | | C．China’s once-in-a-lifetime exam system is unacceptable at all. | | D．The system that tests are held several times does more good than once-in-a-lifetime exam system. |
小题2:According to the passage, Shanghai educators and parents argue that _____.| A．the new exam and admission system will make no difference | | B．English shouldn’t be removed from China’s college entrance exam | | C．the reform may accomplish the very opposite | | D．Western educational system does not apply to China |
小题3:What does the passage try to express in the underlined sentence?| A．Students needn’t lay a good foundation during the period of high school. | | B．Whether students should study hard English may depend on their major. | | C．Students can constantly strive for perfection only in their major. | | D．English must be close to full mark. |
小题4:What’s the purpose of the passage?| A．To advise students not to devote themselves to English. | | B．To call on Education Department to remove English from “Gaokao”. | | C．To support the act of Ministry of Education. | | D．To encourage students to do as they have planned. |
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It’s the place where smart people make smart machines work even smarter. It’s also in the heart of sunny California, a great place to start a family and raise kids. What could be better?
But something is happening to their children. Up until the age of two they develop normally. But then everything seems to go backwards. The children become locked into their own small world, unable to communicate at all.
They call it the “curse(诅咒)of Silicon Valley,” but the medical name for the condition is autism(自闭症). It used to be thought that autism was a kind of mental illness. Now doctors are sure that it is a neurological disease transmitted genetically. It seems that the people leading the communications revolution are having children who cannot communicate at all.
But even the parents have trouble communicating. Asperger’s Syndrome is a mild version of autism. People who have it are highly intelligent and often brilliant with numbers or system but have no social skill. This very combination of symptoms makes Asperger’s sufferers into ideal computer professionals.
The Asperger’s sufferer has always been a well—known figure in popular culture. He or she was the eccentric but dedicated scholar or the strange uncle or auntie who never married. But the high numbers of such people in Silicon Valley mean that they can meet others who understand them and share their interests. And while they might not be personally attractive, they can earn truly attractive amounts of money. They can get married and have kids. Unfortunately, many of the children of two Asperger’s parents seem to be developing serious autism.
There is little anyone can do. It takes hours of work just to make autistic child realize that anyone else exists. And there is no cure in sight. Some argue that no cure should be found. “It may be that autistics are essentially different from normal people, but that these differences make them invaluable for the evolution of the human race,” says Dr. Kirk Whilhelmsen of the University of California. “To eliminate the genes for autism could be disastrous. ”
It seems that the children of Silicon Valley are paying the price of genius.
小题1:What does Dr Kirk Whilhelmsen think of autism?| A．It is disastrous to society. | | B．It is not completely a bad thing. | | C．It is a punishment to those working in Silicon Valley. | | D．People with autism should never marry. |
小题2:What can we learn about autism according to the passage?| A．It is believed to be a king of mental illness that can be cured. | | B．People with autism can’t find people sharing their interests. | | C．They do not care about the presence of others. | | D．They are a burden for the society. |
小题3:Why do people call autism “curse of Silicon Valley”？| A．Because autistic people live in Silicon Valley. | | B．Because many people working in Silicon Valley have autism children. | | C．Because people with autism will be driven out of Silicon Valley. | | D．Because people with autism are not personally attractive and not liked by others. |
小题4:What can we know about Asperger’s Syndrome according to the passage?| A．Asperger’s sufferers are ideal computer professionals. | | B．Asperger’s sufferers never get married and have children. | | C．Asperger’s sufferers are ashamed of themselves and locked into their own world. | | D．Asperger’s sufferers can be beneficial to society if they are cured. |
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