Animals are considered to be endangered if the species is close to extinction th
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Animals are considered to be endangered if the species is close to extinction throughout all or most of its environment. Animals become endangered for a variety of reasons.
Some animals become endangered when their habitats contain resources for humans. For example, commercial forest cutting in the Amazon Rainforest has seriously reduced the population of many animal species and lead to the extinction of other groups. Land itself is an important resource to humans since it provides us with living space, and when people replace animal habitats with human habitats, it can lead to larger loss of natural species.
Commercial and industrial operations may reduce land or water for animals and pollute their environment. Due to water pollution, the baiji, a fresh water dolphin native to China, was declared extinct, meaning it’s unlikely the population can recover. Even noise pollution from human activities can lead to the disorder of animal behavior.
Another cause that makes animals become endangered is over-fishing or over-hunting. Over-hunting whales led to near extinction of many species of whales.
The introduction of a non-native species to a habitat may make animals become endangered. The native species may not defend against a new one, and the effects can be dangerous. In Australia, the introduction of the common house cat led to the extinction of the red-fronted parakeet and has seriously damaged the populations of several small animals.
Introduced species can also bring new diseases with them. As a result, animals become endangered. Native animals may not have the power to fight against non-native diseases, and population levels can suffer. Another cause of disease is human-introduced chemicals. The use of DDT is believed to be one of the leading causes in driving the California Condor to near extinction.
When animals become endangered, the entire food chain can be affected. For example, in 2008 disease seriously harmed the honeybee, which is largely responsible for pollinating(授花粉) plants, including many fruits and vegetables. Without their pollination, a very large part of the human diet could be reduced. In fact, if the honeybee should become extinct, our life would be affected and billions of dollars would be lost. Therefore, many people argue that when animals become endangered it is in man’s own self-interest to protect them.
小题1:The passage is mainly about ______.| A．ways of protecting animals’ habitats | | B．effects caused by species endangerment | | C．dangers of bringing in non-native species | | D．reasons why animals become endangered |
小题2:Which of the following examples shows that environmental pollution may cause species endangerment?| A．The extinction of the whales. | | B．The extinction of the red-fronted parakeet. | | C．The decreasing population of the dolphin. | | D．The effect of the honeybee on the human diet. |
小题3:Why is it dangerous to introduce a non-native species to a habitat?| A．Native species are likely to die from the new diseases. | | B．It’s hard for non-native species to survive. | | C．Non-native species will take up more space. | | D．Native species are so powerful for non-native species. |
小题4:The California Condor is in danger of dying out because of ______.| A．loss of habitat | B．harmful chemicals | | C．forest cutting | D．unfamiliar diseases |
小题5:We can infer from the last paragraph that ______.| A．humans are to blame for species extinction | | B．small animals mean little to the whole food chain | | C．protection of the honeybee has cost billions of dollars | | D．humans protect animals for the benefit of themselves |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:D |
解析
试题分析：现在很多动物濒临灭绝，文章通过举例说明动物灭绝的种种原因，有可能是环境污染，也有可能是引进外来的物种，还有化学物质的使用，人类应该负起责任保护这些动物。
小题1:主旨题：从文章第一段的句子：Animals are considered to be endangered if the species is close to extinction throughout all or most of its environment. Animals become endangered for a variety of reasons.可知这篇文章讲的是动物灭绝的原因。选D
小题2:细节题：从三段的句子：Commercial and industrial operations may reduce land or water for animals and pollute their environment. Due to water pollution, the baiji, a fresh water dolphin native to China, was declared extinct, meaning it’s unlikely the population can recover.可知用海豚数量减少的例子说明环境污染会导致物种的灭绝，选C
小题3:细节题：从第五段的句子：The introduction of a non-native species to a habitat may make animals become endangered. The native species may not defend against a new one, and the effects can be dangerous.可知引进非本地的物种对当地的物种是危险的因为当地的物种可能死于新的疾病，选A
小题4:细节题：从第六段的句子：Another cause of disease is human-introduced chemicals. The use of DDT is believed to be one of the leading causes in driving the California Condor to near extinction.可知The California Condor濒临灭绝主要是因为有害的化学物质，选 B
小题5:推理题：从最后一段的句子：Therefore, many people argue that when animals become endangered it is in man’s own self-interest to protect them.可知人类应该为物种的灭绝负责。选D |
举一反三
Alabama
Students in Alabama take the Alabama High School Graduation Exam, which consists of multiple-choice questions. In the classroom, Alabama high school students must prove specific skills in English and take certain math classes.
Among the 2013 U.S. News Best High Schools in Alabama, two were awarded gold medals, 16 received silver medals and 72 were considered bronze medal schools. One of the gold medal schools, Loveless Academic Magnet Program High School, lies about 90 miles south of Birmingham in the state capital of Montgomery, within the Montgomery County School District.
Alaska
To graduate, Alaska high school students must get at least 21 credits, including a half credit in Alaska history. Alaska judges students from the third grade through senior grades. Students first take the Alaska High School Graduation Qualifying Examination at the tenth grade. It includes math, reading and writing skills.
10 schools were awarded silver medals and 21 received bronze medals among the U.S. News Best High Schools in 2013. While Alaska"s capital is Juneau, several of the state"s Best High Schools are in or near Anchorage, in the Anchorage School District.
Delaware
Delaware students have a high GPA（平均绩点）and 10 hours of community service. If they hand in their FAFSA（自愿联邦奖学金）by a certain date, they may get the Inspire Scholarship, which helps pay for tuition at Delaware State University. Before they go to college, however, students must pass the Delaware Student Testing Program Exams.
Among the Delaware schools in the 2013 U.S. News Best High Schools, there are three silver medal schools and four bronze medal schools. The top school in the state is Delmar Senior High School. It is part of the Delmar School District and is about 50 miles from Delaware"s capital, Dover.
小题1:What"s the passage mainly about?| A．The introduction to the Best High Schools in three states. | | B．The different examinations in several high schools. | | C．Scholarships in the Best High Schools in three states. | | D．The things students should do before going to college. |
小题2:It can be inferred from the text that______.| A．students with a high GPA can get the Inspire Scholarship | | B．reading and writing skills are included in the tests in all the schools | | C．Alabama has the most best high schools of the three states | | D．at least 21 credits are needed to graduate from all the schools |
小题3:Which of the following in TRUE according to the passage?| A．The High School Graduation Exams are multiple-choice questions. | | B．Both the gold medal schools in Alabama are in its capital. | | C．There were 21 silver medal schools in Alaska in all. | | D．Delmar Senior High school is the best in Delaware. |
小题4:Alaska"s graduation exam is different from the others" in the aspect that______.| A．it includes all the subjects the students learn | | B．it includes its own state history as well | | C．it includes math, reading and writing skills | | D．it includes 10 hours of community service |
小题5:The Inspire Scholarship is a prize______.| A．that any student in gold medal schools can apply for | | B．that is given to the top students in gold medal schools | | C．that helps to pay for tuition at Delaware State University | | D．that is very difficult to get for students in silver medal schools |
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Parents are fuelling bad behavior among their children by attempting to "buy" their love with expensive gifts nowadays.
Over recent decades we seem to have created a "must have" culture among our young people. Many mothers and fathers believe they are "failing as parents" if they are unable to ensure that their children have the latest toy, electronic devices (the lap-top, cellphones, Game Boy, etc.) along with their friends. In many cases, families also feel pressured to enroll (使加入) children in ""every interest club or after-school activity that is available" to fill up their time like most of the other children.
But experts warned that the move might affect "precious family time" negatively. Graham Gorton, chairman of the Independent Schools Association, said that parents spent too much time filling their children"s lives, which had a series of negative effects on "the very precious family time that exists".
"It seems that those times when a whole weekend without planned work was seen as a luxury (奢侈) and a perfect opportunity to spend time together and share those valuable moments of childhood are long gone," Mr. Gorton said. "As a child I only once said that phrase that parents feared "I"m bored". Immediately my mother took action and produced a list of jobs and then insisted that I complete every one of them. Though l didn"t think cleaning all the floors could really get rid of my boredom, I enjoyed the feeling of staying at home with my mother and brothers."
Earlier this year, some researchers suggested that relatively wealthy parents were sometimes guilty of failing to teach basic social skills to children. "Often, it’s the rich middle classes that buy off their children through the computer and the TV. That then sets them apart from their family, and then the parents are surprised when their child isn’ t coming to school."
小题1:The second paragraph mainly tells us that ________.| A．today’s children have little time to play | | B．today’s children depend on electronic tools too much | | C．today’s parents feel pressured by the ""must have" culture | | D．being qualified parents becomes harder for today"s young people |
小题2:What does the "must have" phenomenon refer to based on the passage?| A．That children must have what other children have. | | B．That children must have proper pressure to work hard. | | C．That children must have special skills to ensure a better future. | | D．That parents must have patience to know their children better. |
小题3:Which of the following is the best advice you could give to parents based on Gorton’s statement?| A．Plan fewer activities for their children to improve family time. | | B．Buy their children fewer things that they are fond of. | | C．Give their children more housework to do. | | D．Leave their children alone when the kids feel bored. |
小题4:Mr. Gorton tended to think that in the past ________.| A．children enjoyed doing housework | | B．children never thought life was boring | | C．children liked to spend time with their family | | D．children often had some planned work after school |
小题5:From the passage we can infer that ________.| A．wealthy parents don’t like teaching basic social skills to children | | B．parents should be much more strict with their children at home | | C．children should not be brought up in a wealthy and pleasant environment | | D．only satisfying children’s material needs is not a good way of parenting |
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There is some unwelcome news for students preparing for exams and officers putting in long hours-----you don"t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower (意志力) is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back to a task when you"re feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people"s beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they"ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. "If you think of willpower as something that"s limited, you"re more likely to be tired when you perform a difficult task," said Prof.Veronika Job. ""But if you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on."
The researchers designed four experiments to test students"-beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation (诱惑).
Mr. Job said. "The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting, but it has had unintended consequences. Students who may already have trouble studying are being told that their power of concentration is limited, and they need to take frequent breaks. But a belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.""
The findings could help people who are" battling temptation. Willpower isn"t driven by a biologically based process as much as we used to think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.
小题1:The theory that willpower is limited supports that _________. | A．people must eat snacks when they feel tired | | B．people do need a break to restore their willpower | | C．there’s no way to strengthen people’s willpower | | D．weak willpower doesn’t affect people’s life much |
小题2:What have the scientists long believed regarding willpower? | A．It is in the charge of people. | | B．It is a limited resource. | | C．There is no way to restore willpower. | | D．It doesn’t easily run out. |
小题3:Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams?| A．Push themselves even if they want to take a break. | | B．Don’t eat fast food while studying. | | C．Remind themselves willpower is not limited. | | D．Stay in a comfortable and quiet place. |
小题4:The following groups can benefit from the findings except| A．patients following strict diets | | B．children liking to watch TV | | C．smokers trying to give up smoking | | D．employees facing a new but well-paid task |
小题5:What’s the best title for the passage? | A．A new theory about willpower | B．How to build strong willpower | | C．The great influence of willpower | D．Willpower doesn’t last long |
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In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.
The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances (气旋) hundreds — even thousands — of miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist (潮湿的) air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is switched to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to turn around in a counter-clockwise motion (反时针方向).
The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released (释放) by a hurricane’s rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months.
Water, rather than wind, is the main source of death and destroying in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6-to-12-inch downpours resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea — the mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore.
小题1:An ordinary tropical storm is called a hurricane when ______.| A．it occurs in the Caribbean seas | | B．its winds reach 75 miles per hour | | C．it makes its way to the coastline | | D．its winds begin to circle on the sea |
小题2:What is the worst thing about hurricane?| A．The rough water. | B．The violent winds. | | C．The heat it gives out. | D．The length of its life. |
小题3:What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?| A．The hurricane is extraordinarily powerful. | | B．The hurricane is used to generate electricity. | | C．The hurricane can otherwise offer an unusual sight. | | D．The hurricane can give people an unforgettable experience. |
小题4:The counter-clockwise movement of the hurricane is caused by ______.| A．the low-pressure area in the center of the storm | | B．the force of waves of water | | C．the increasing heat | | D．the trade winds |
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After commuting, cooking dinner and doing household chores, the average parent has just 30 minutes to devote to their children in the evenings, according to a new study. One in four working parents worry that half an hour simply isn’t enough, while almost half fret that they aren’t a good enough parent during the week.
However, parenting experts believe just 12 minutes a day may be enough for mothers and fathers to fully reconnect with their child — as long as they ask the right questions. Child psychologist Dr Claire Halsey said asking a series of open-ended questions can help improve parents’ relationship with their children.
Among the questions recommended in the research are: “How many times have you smiled today — what made you laugh?”; “Can you act out what you did at breaktime?”; “Who is taller — mummy or your teacher?” and “What are the names of the toys you played with today?” Parents of older children are advised to start up a conversation with: “I’ve got a great story for you but I want one in return… you first!” or “Tell me some school gossip … I’m all ears!”
Dr Halsey, working with the makers of Ribena Plus, who commissioned the research, said: “There is no one as tough on their own parenting skills as a parent — but this study shows there is no need for parents to be so harsh. It’s hard for working parents to juggle all their responsibilities and it can feel like guilt is simply a parent’s lot — but it’s absolutely not. By using clever tactics such as a little preparation alongside use of open-ended questions — such as ‘Tell me what the best bit about your day was?’ — parents can reduce the time worrying about chores and work and spend more time learning about their children’s day.”
小题1:The underlined word reconnect in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.| A．discuss | B． communicate | C． understand | D． combine |
小题2:According to Paragraph 1, almost half of the working parents ________.| A．can spare only about half an hour to be with their kids every day | | B．spend their daytime commuting, cooking dinner and doing household chores | | C．worry that half an hour’s stay with their kids is far from enough | | D．fear that they aren’t a good enough parent during the week |
小题3:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?| A．I will be glad to listen. | | B．I will be very interested. | | C．I will listen carefully. | | D．I will call your teacher at school. |
小题4:Which of the following open-ended questions is for a three-year-old child?| A．Where are you off to with your friends this weekend? | | B．Who played the best in your football match today? | | C．What science project are you doing at the moment and can I help with it? | | D．What are the names of the toys you played with today? |
小题5:What does Dr Halsey intend to tell us in this passage?| A．It is not necessary for parents to spend too much time with their children. | | B．It is natural that working parents do not afford more time to reconnect with kids. | | C．It is important that working parents learn more parenting skills. | | D．It is clever that parents ask their kids questions instead of doing chores. |
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