The January fashion show, called Future Fashion, exemplified how far green desig
题型：不详难度：来源：
The January fashion show, called Future Fashion, exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.
The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, a cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find. “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable materials that can just replace what you’re doing and what your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents(等同物).
Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable. It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional cotton at higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material. “Main-stream is about to occur,” says Hahn.
Some analysts are less sure. Among consumers, only 18% are even aware that eco-fashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied, “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one day it will be.
小题1:What is said about Future Fashion?| A．It inspired leading designers to start going green. | | B．It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far. | | C．It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized. | | D．It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable. |
小题2:According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that ________.| A．much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials | | B．they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials | | C．customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials | | D．quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available |
小题3:We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion ________.| A．can attend various trade shows for free | | B．are readily recognized by the fashion world | | C．can buy organic cotton at favorable prices | | D．are gaining more and more support |
小题4:What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward eco-fashion?| A．She doesn’t seem to care about it. | | B．She doesn’t think it is sustainable. | | C．She is doubtful of its practical value. | | D．She is opposed to the idea very much. |
小题5:What does the author think of green fashion?| A．Green products will soon go main stream. | | B．It has a very promising future. | | C．Consumers have the final say. | | D．It will appeal more to young people. |
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答案
小题1:A
小题2:D
小题3:D
小题4:A
小题5:B |
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了Future Fashion的时尚展览，证明了环保设计的到来。展览由纽约的Earth Pledge组织，作者也介绍了走环保时尚的设计师仍面临很多困难但是他们得到了很多支持，总有一天，绿色时尚会成为主流的。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的内容：the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.一月举行的一个叫做Future Fashion的时尚展览，激励了众多顶级设计家首次采用可持续纤维作为材料。一些设计家还发誓以后要在他们的设计中采用有机纤维。可知选A
小题2:细节题：在第二段。首句The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, a cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.是中心句子。译文：走环保时尚的设计师仍面临很多困难。Scott Hahn说: “高质量的，可持续使用的材料很难找到。大多数设计师发现没有相似的纤维材料来取代现有的和消费者已经习惯使用的材料。” 选D
小题3:细节题：在第三段首句Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support.。可知走环保路线的设计师得到很多支持，选D
小题4:细节题：Natalie Hormilla 这个名字出现在最后一段。作者说她是unconverted consumer（想法未改变的消费者），当被问到是否拥有sustainable clothes，她的回答是“Not that I’m aware of.”（据我所知，没有），作者还补充说明，By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind.（她自己承认，她还没有环保这个概念）选A
小题5:细节题：从最后一句：But—thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one day it will be. 但是，因为设计师，零售商，和供应商的共同努力（combined efforts），总有一天，green fashion 会成为主流的。选B |
举一反三
BEIJING—As China scrambles to respond to the choking smog that has blanketed Beijing in recent weeks, authorities in several major cities are experimenting with carbon trading platforms. The schemes are one effort to get control over greenhouse gases in an economy still hungry for cheap energy.
It has been a persistent concern in recent years, but the spiking pollution levels in January are sparking a public outcry.
Emissions from coal-fired electricity plants and busy factories are part of the problem that officials hope to get control over through carbon trading platforms. Seven cities are expected to open carbon markets later this year, including Tianjin.
“The government has decided to start with programs because the carbon trading is something new to China,” said David Tang, secretary of the board of the Tianjin Carbon Exchange. “So we want to have a number of programs to explore the use of the market.” said Tang.
China wants to launch a national carbon trading program by 2016. If it is successful, analysts say, the program would be one of the largest in the world and would help the country meet its target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions by 45 percent within seven years.
The platforms allow companies to earn credits for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, which can then be traded. If it works, it would encourage for-profit businesses to invest in green technology.
As public concern builds pressure for the government to find a solution, Wu Changhua, greater China director of the Climate Group, says there is a broad shift under way in how Chinese weigh their quality of life.
China has long put economic growth ahead of environmental concerns, making it the world’s biggest polluter. Carbon trading supporters hope that the markets could be one way to curb pollution and keep the economy growing.
小题1:Which of the following is TRUE about carbon trading platforms?| A．They are used to trade various resources. | | B．They caused the choking smog in China. | | C．They have been in existence for many years in China. | | D．The choking smog may promote their development. |
小题2:The underlined word in Paragraph 1 means “ ______”.| A．to make blanket | B．to cover something | C．to make something empty | D．to be like a blanket |
小题3:Tang’s attitude towards carbon markets is ______.| A．unknown | B．indifferent | C．optimistic | D．pessimistic |
小题4:What can we infer from the passage?| A．China will have built a national carbon trading program by 2016. | | B．Chinese have lived a life of high quality in all aspects. | | C．The markets could slow the development of economy. | | D．Standards of life will be changed in China. |
小题5:What"s the main idea of this passage?| A．The choking smoke in China. | B．The urge for carbon trading platforms. | | C．Greenhouse gases. | D．The world’s biggest polluter. |
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Many people in the world live in big cities, which are often dirty and difficult places to live. So, some cities will get bigger. They will also get higher, and lower, because people will begin to live under the ground as well as in tall buildings. Scientists also say that men can begin to live in cities under the sea, when there is not enough space on the land. Of course, these new cities will be very expensive, and difficult to build, but they are not impossible. Already, some countries are building places to live under the ground so their people can go there if there is a new war. There are underground cities in Switzerland（瑞士）and China, built by the government（政府）to help some of the people live during a great war.
But will people change if they live under the ground for a long time？For example some fish go blind if they live in the dark sea for a long time. People will not go blind, because there will be light underground, but they may change in some way. Scientists say that people who live in cities today are losing their senses of smell, touch and taste. They can’t smell the dirty air, they can’t taste the chemicals（化学制剂）in their food. These senses are not as strong as before, when people lived in the country and grew their own food. The city has changed that. What will the underground city change in everyone？
小题1:People will live under the ground because _________． | A．it’s neither hot nor cold there | | B．they’ll be afraid of the war | | C．there’ll be less space on the ground | | D．they’ll make their life comfortable |
小题2:Some countries try to build some places under the ground so that people will be able to live there _____．| A．when summer comes | | B．when a war breaks out | | C．because they think it’ll be safer for them | | D．when they’re fed up with the life on the land |
小题3:_________, so people who will live there won’t go blind． | A．There’ll be enough light under the ground | | B．It’ll be easy to go upstairs | | C．Glasses will be sold under the ground | | D．Medicine will be supplied for free |
小题4:People will lose some senses under the ground because _______．| A．the world are polluted | | B．it’s dark there | | C．the air is dirty and there are a lot of chemicals in their food | | D．they can’t grow their own food in the sun |
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Look, this is the first plane in the world to be created using the new technology of “3D printing”. The airplane was built using only a computer—but it can fly at a speed of 100mph and has a two-meter wingspan.
It was produced using a special nylon laser printer that builds up something layer-by-layer. The parts were made separately and attached using a “snap fit” technique so the aircraft could be put together without tools in minutes.
No fasteners at all were used in the manufacture of the plane. Unmanned and electrically powered, the plane can travel in near silence and is also equipped with a small autopilot system. The special production process used is known as “laser sintering(激光烧结)”and allows the designers to create shapes and structures that would normally include costly manufacturing techniques. This technology allows a highly-tailored aircraft to be developed from your own design to first flight in days, while using traditional materials and techniques would take months. And because no tooling is required for manufacture, major changes to the shape and scale of the aircraft can be made with no extra cost.
Professor Jim Scanlon, who led the team, said, “The process allows the design team to revisit historical techniques and ideas that would have been too expensive using traditional manufacturing.” He added, “This form of structure is very firm and lightweight, but very complex. If it was manufactured traditionally it would require a large number of individually tailored parts that would have to be connected or fastened at great expense.”
The new printed plane is known as the Southampton University Laser Sintered Aircraft—or SULSA for short—and is part of a wider project using cutting-edge manufacturing techniques. The University of Southampton has been at the leading position of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle development since the early 1990s.
小题1:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Revolutionary Breakthrough of 3D Printer
Scientists Create Aircraft with High Speed
C. New Designed Airplane with New Techniques.
D. The World’s first 3-D printed Airplane, SULSA
小题2:How could the plane work while flying?| A．It should be controlled by an autopilot system. | | B．It should be controlled by “laser sintering”. | | C．A pilot controls it using a remote control. | | D．A pilot with high techniques controlled it. |
小题3:This kind of plane has the following advantages EXCEPT ______.| A．it produces little noise while flying | | B．it is manufactured in quite a short time | | C．it only requires simple and cheap tools | | D．it needn’t extra cost if changes are made |
小题4:Professor Jim Scanlon believes they can _____ with their techniques.| A．produce firmer and lighter real planes easily | | B．connect and fasten tailor parts for real planes | | C．copy earlier planes to study their techniques | | D．find differences by studying the traditional ones |
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More than 30 million kids buy school lunch each day. This year, many schools raised lunch prices to fight raising costs. Students pay about $2 a meal now. That is 27 cents more than last year. But they still get a good deal. The average cost for schools to produce one meal has gone up 30 cents, and is now $3.
So, how do schools neither make money nor lose money? To start, the government pays for a small part of the difference. Schools have to make up the rest. Peggy Eller, a leader of school nutrition (营养) service in Hudson, Wisconsin, said her district is cutting costs by using fewer paper products and serving smaller portion(份额). Well, portion control is one key to healthful eating!
The push for more healthful food has grown in recent years. One in five kids aged 6 to 19 is overweight. Being overweight can cause health problems. Many states passed laws that require schools to serve nutritious meals.
Since 2004, more than 90% of all U.S. Schools have removed the fat from lunches. Foods high in fat, salt and sugar have been replaced by low-fat milk, fresh fruits and vegetables. These new items on lunch menus have encouraged kids to change their eating habits. “It makes easier to try new things at home, “said Savanna Mackey, a Florida fifth-grader.
Students need healthful meals to grow strong and do well in school. “Rising prices won’t stand in the way,”says school nutritionist Jane Thornton. “We’ll just be more clever in how we do things.”
小题1:In the first paragraph, the author aims to tell us .| A．the large number of kids buying school lunch | | B．the average price of school lunch | | C．the school"s ways to deal with school lunch | | D．the fact of school lunch"s getting more expensive |
小题2:Many school districts raised lunch prices because .| A．there is less healthful food on the menus | | B．the cost of food has gone up | | C．kids often forget to bring lunch money | | D．some school dining-halls are serving smaller portions |
小题3:According to Paragraph 4, Savanna Mackey .| A．doesn"t like the new items on the lunch menus | | B．always enjoys foods like fresh and vegetables | | C．becomes interested in eating healthy food at home | | D．prefers eating at school to eating at home |
小题4:What can be inferred from the passage?| A．American schools solve the problem of high food prices by themselves. | | B．American schools are very concerned about their students’ health. | | C．Almost all schools are forced by the government to serve healthy foods. | | D．American childhood overweight is mainly caused by the present lunch foods. |
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When we read books we seem to enter a new world. This new world can be similar to the one we are living in, or it can be very . Some stories are told they were true. Real people who live in a world do real things; in other words, the stories are about people just like us doing what we do. Other stories, such as the Harry Potter books, are not . They are characters and creatures that are very different from us and do things that would be for us.
But there is more to books and writing than this. If we think about it, even realistic writing is only . How can we tell the difference between what is real and what is not real? For example, when we read about Harry Potter, we seem to learn something about the real world. And when Harry studies magic at Hogwarts, he also learns more about his real life than . Reading, like writing, is an action. It is a way of . When we read or write something, we do much more than simple look at words on a page. We use our -- which is real-- and our imagination-- which is real in a different way --- to make the words come to life in our minds.
Both realism and fantasy(幻想) the imagination and the “magic” of reading and writing to make us think. When we read realistic, we have to imagine that the people we are reading about are just like us, even though we that we are real and they are . It sounds , but it works. When we read, we fill in missing information and about the causes and effects of what a character does. We help the writer by 52 that what we read is like real life. In a way, we are writing the book, too.
Most of us probably don’t think about what is going on in our when we are reading. We pick up a book and lose in a good story, eager to find out what will happen next. Knowing how we feel we read can help us become better readers, and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books.
| 小题1: | | A．possible | B．easy | C．new | D．different |
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| 小题2: | | A．that | B．what | C．whether | D．as if |
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| 小题3: | | A．usual | B．normal | C．certain | D．common |
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| 小题4: | | A．realistic | B．reasonable | C．moral | D．instructive |
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| 小题5: | | A．difficult | B．impossible | C．important | D．necessary |
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| 小题6: | | A．thinkable | B．designed | C．imagined | D．planned |
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| 小题8: | | A．lessons | B．dreams | C．experience | D．magic |
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| 小题9: | | A．working | B．thinking | C．living | D．understanding |
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| 小题10: | | A．knowledge | B．skill | C．words | D．grammar |
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| 小题11: | | A．make | B．get | C．use | D．have |
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| 小题12: | | A．a newspaper | B．something | C．everything | D．a story |
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| 小题13: | | A．find | B．learn | C．know | D．hope |
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| 小题15: | | A．dangerous | B．serious | C．strange | D．terrible |
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| 小题16: | | A．talk | B．learn | C．read | D．think |
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| 小题17: | | A．telling | B．pretending | C．promising | D．guessing |
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| 小题18: | | A．mind | B．life | C．world | D．society |
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| 小题19: | | A．heart | B．time | C．money | D．ourselves |
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| 小题20: | | A．what | B．how | C．when | D．why |
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