When we read books we seem to enter a new world. This new world can be similar t
题型：不详难度：来源：
When we read books we seem to enter a new world. This new world can be similar to the one we are living in, or it can be very . Some stories are told they were true. Real people who live in a world do real things; in other words, the stories are about people just like us doing what we do. Other stories, such as the Harry Potter books, are not . They are characters and creatures that are very different from us and do things that would be for us.
But there is more to books and writing than this. If we think about it, even realistic writing is only . How can we tell the difference between what is real and what is not real? For example, when we read about Harry Potter, we seem to learn something about the real world. And when Harry studies magic at Hogwarts, he also learns more about his real life than . Reading, like writing, is an action. It is a way of . When we read or write something, we do much more than simple look at words on a page. We use our -- which is real-- and our imagination-- which is real in a different way --- to make the words come to life in our minds.
Both realism and fantasy(幻想) the imagination and the “magic” of reading and writing to make us think. When we read realistic, we have to imagine that the people we are reading about are just like us, even though we that we are real and they are . It sounds , but it works. When we read, we fill in missing information and about the causes and effects of what a character does. We help the writer by 52 that what we read is like real life. In a way, we are writing the book, too.
Most of us probably don’t think about what is going on in our when we are reading. We pick up a book and lose in a good story, eager to find out what will happen next. Knowing how we feel we read can help us become better readers, and it will help us discover more about the real magic of books.
| 小题1: | | A．possible | B．easy | C．new | D．different |
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| 小题2: | | A．that | B．what | C．whether | D．as if |
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| 小题3: | | A．usual | B．normal | C．certain | D．common |
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| 小题4: | | A．realistic | B．reasonable | C．moral | D．instructive |
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| 小题5: | | A．difficult | B．impossible | C．important | D．necessary |
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| 小题6: | | A．thinkable | B．designed | C．imagined | D．planned |
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| 小题8: | | A．lessons | B．dreams | C．experience | D．magic |
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| 小题9: | | A．working | B．thinking | C．living | D．understanding |
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| 小题10: | | A．knowledge | B．skill | C．words | D．grammar |
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| 小题11: | | A．make | B．get | C．use | D．have |
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| 小题12: | | A．a newspaper | B．something | C．everything | D．a story |
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| 小题13: | | A．find | B．learn | C．know | D．hope |
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| 小题15: | | A．dangerous | B．serious | C．strange | D．terrible |
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| 小题16: | | A．talk | B．learn | C．read | D．think |
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| 小题17: | | A．telling | B．pretending | C．promising | D．guessing |
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| 小题18: | | A．mind | B．life | C．world | D．society |
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| 小题19: | | A．heart | B．time | C．money | D．ourselves |
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| 小题20: | | A．what | B．how | C．when | D．why |
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答案
小题1:D
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:B
小题6:C
小题7:A
小题8:D
小题9:B
小题10:A
小题11:C
小题12:B
小题13:C
小题14:B
小题15:C
小题16:D
小题17:B
小题18:A
小题19:D
小题20:C |
解析
试题分析：读书和写作一样,既可以是对现实世界的描绘,也可以是对非现实世界的描绘,但两者都离不开想象。
小题1:上文中有similar相似，or提醒我们应选与similar意义相反的词different
小题2:told用在被动语态中，因而后面不可跟宾语从句，应该是方式状语从句。句子意思是：有些故事讲起来似乎就是真的。
小题3:usual习惯性，符合规章制度的或一贯如此的；common的意思：常见的，普通的，不足为奇的，有时可引申为“平凡”的意思；normal 正常的，正规的，标准的生活在正常世界的现实的人做实际的事。
小题4:换句话说，那些故事就是有关象我们这样的人做我们所做的事。有些故事则是虚构的。
小题5:这些故事中的人和动物与我们不同，他们能做对我们来说是不可能的事。
小题6:甚至现实的作品也只是想象出来的（不是可以思考的，也不是设计出来的，更不是计划好的）
小题7:语法分析。本句使用do不是强调。我们确实似乎了解。
小题8:当他研究魔术时，他对自己现实生活的了解也比对魔术的了解要多
小题9:读书象写作一样，是一种行为，是一种思考的方法
小题10:用我们的知识（现实的知识）和想象（不同方式体现的现实）使得言语在我们的脑海中具有生命力。
小题11:现实和幻想用读书和写作的想象力和魅力使我们去思考
小题12:当我们读到某些现实的东西时，我们就不得不去想象我们所读到的有关的人就象我们一样
小题13:动词辨析。A发现B学会C知道D希望；即使我们知道我们是真的，而这些故事不是。
小题14:即使我们知道我们是现实的而他们是虚构的（则不是现实的）
小题15:形容词辨析。A危险B认真C奇怪D可怕的；这听起来很奇怪。
小题16:我们读书的时候，可以把丢失的信息补充起来而且会思考一个人所做事情的影响和起因
小题17:我们只有通过自称我们所读到的东西就象真正的生活一样来给作家一些帮助。某种意义上讲我们也在写作。
小题18:名词辨析。A思维B生活C世界D社会；没有思考我们脑子中在想什么
小题19:固定搭配。Lose oneself in…沉浸于…之中；可以转换成be lost in…；本句是指埋头于一则精彩的故事中。
小题20:我们读书时如果知道我们的感受如何的话，那将有助于我们成为更好的读者 |
举一反三
Everyone may all have the experience of feeling anxious and stressed when having a rough day or having some troubles. Different people may choose different ways to deal with it, and for most people a break for a 10-minute walk may be quite useful.
Anyway, here is another way around: to get a piece of chewing gum, and chew it. According to a Swinburne University of Technology study, gum-chewing has been found to “relieve anxiety, improve alertness(机敏性) and reduce stress among individuals in a laboratory setting.”
Some may argue that a laboratory is not the same as an office. But check out the conditions of the study: individuals were monitored while performing “a group of ‘multi-tasking’ activities.” Doesn’t it sound like the situation in the office?
Here’s a summary of some of the study’s findings:
Gum chewers showed a reduction in anxiety as compared to non-gum chewers by nearly 17 percent during mild stress and nearly 10 percent in appropriate stress.
Gum chewers showed improvement in alertness over non-gum chewers by nearly 19 percent during mild stress and 8 percent in moderate stress.
Improved Performance: Chewing gum resulted in a big improvement in overall performance on multi-tasking activities.
Although these aren’t major improvements, every little bit works and chewing a piece of gum is a lot quicker and easier than slipping outside for a 10-minute walk. So, how does gum work this magic? In part it does so by lowering the level of cortisol(皮质醇)—a steroid(类固醇) hormone that is released in response to stress in your system.
A few words of advice before you reach for the gum: don’t crack your gum, and be sure to chew it with your mouth closed. In fact, I’d say keep the gum out of meetings, because it really looks impolite to others around you.
小题1:From the study in the text we know that_________________.| A．gum chewers may lack alertness | | B．gum chewers tend to be less stressed | | C．gum chewers can finish many jobs perfectly | | D．gum chewers can reduce their anxiety and anger easily |
小题2:How does gum work to reduce stress according to the text?| A．It works by improving alertness. | | B．It works by allowing a 10-minute walk. | | C．It works by reducing one’s level of cortisol. | | D．It works by being chewed in a laboratory setting. |
小题3:Which one may the author probably agree with?| A．People should chew gum with their mouths closed in a meeting. | | B．It is impolite to chew gum in a meeting with people around you. | | C．People can crack gum freely when meeting friends. | | D．People should be careful when chewing gum at home. |
小题4:What does the text mainly talk about?| A．How to chew gum. | B．How to relieve stress. | | C．Why people love chewing gum. | D．Chewing gum can relieve stress. |
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What will people die of 100 years from now？ If you think that is not a simple question， you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in biotechnology(生物技术). With the help of new medicine， the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents， murder and war. Today"s leading killers， such as heart disease， cancer， and aging itself， will become distant memories.
In discussion of technological changes， the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live？ Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells are the basic units of all living things， and until recently， scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells， such as those of brain cells， would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100， medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so， people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs. The medicine， made up of the basic building materials of life， will build new brain cells， heart cells，and so on－in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.
It is exciting to imaging that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence， but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.
小题1:According to the passage， human death is now mainly caused by____ | A．diseases and aging | B．accidents and war | | C．accidents and aging | D．heart disease and war |
小题2:Humans may live longer in the future because ____ | A．heart disease will be far away from us | | B．human brains can decide the final death | | C．the basic materials of cells will last forever | | D．human organs can be repaired by new medicine |
小题3:We can learn from the passage that ____| A．human life will not last more than 120 years in the future | | B．humans have to take medicine to build new skin cells now | | C．much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life | | D．we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells |
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Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind.
Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they’re a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain’s emotional center is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasio, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains, and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat. Damasio thinks this may be because our brains store emotional memories of past choices, which we use to help the present decision making.
However, making choices under the influence of an emotion can greatly affect the result. Take anger, for example. A study by Nitika Garg of the University of Mississippi and other scientists found the angry shoppers were more likely to choose the first thing they were offered rather than considering other choices. It seems anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.
All emotions affect our thinking and motivation, so it may be best to avoid making important decisions under their influence. Yet strangely there’s one emotion that seems to help us make good choices. The American researchers found that sad people took time to consider the various choices on offer, and ended up making the best choices. In fact many studies show that people who feel unhappy have the most reasonable view of the world.
小题1:According to the text, what may help us make better decisions?| A．To think about happy times. | | B．To make many decisions at a time. | | C．To stop feeling regretful about the past. | | D．To learn about the process of decision-making. |
小题2:Damasio’s study suggests that ______.| A．emotions are the enemy of decision making | | B．our brain has nothing to do with decision making | | C．people with physical damage find it hard to make up their minds | | D．our emotional memories of past choices can affect present decisions |
小题3:Why are angry shoppers more likely to choose the first thing they are offered?| A．They often forget their past choices. | | B．They make decisions without much thinking. | | C．They tend to save time when shopping. | | D．They are too angry to bargain. |
小题4:What do we learn from the text?| A．Emotions are a part of decision making. | | B．Sad people always make the worst choices. | | C．No emotion seems to help us make good choices. | | D．Only sad feelings affect our thinking and motivation. |
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All too often, a choice that seems sustainable(可持续的)turns out on closer examination to be problematic. Probably the best example is the rush to produce ethanol(乙醇) for fuel from corn. Corn is a renewable resource —you can harvest it and grow more, almost limitlessly. So replacing gas with corn ethanol seems like a great idea.
One might get a bit more energy out of the ethanol than that used to make it, which could still make ethanol more sustainable than gas generally, but that’s not the end of the problem. Using corn to make ethanol means less corn is left to feed animals and people, which drives up the cost of food. That result leads to turning the fallow land –including, in some cases, rain forest in places such as Brazil—into farmland, which in turn gives off lots of carbon dioxide (CO) into the air. Finally, over many years, the energy benefit from burning ethanol would make up for the forest loss. But by then, climate change would have progressed so far that it might not help.
You cannot really declare any practice “sustainable” until you have done a complete life-cycle analysis of its environmental(环境的) costs. Even then, technology and public keep developing, and that development can lead to unforeseen and undesired results. The admirable goal of living sustainably requires plenty of thought on an ongoing basis.
小题1:What might directly cause the loss of the forest according to the text?| A．The growing demand for energy to make ethanol | | B．The increasing carbon dioxide in the air | | C．The greater need for farmland | | D．The big change in weather. |
小题2:The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “ ” | A．the energy benefit | B．the forest loss | | C．climate change | D．burning ethanol |
小题3:The author thinks that replacing gas with corn ethanol is . | A．impractical | B．acceptable | C．admirable | D．useless |
小题4:What does the author mainly discuss in the text? | A．Technology | B．Sustainability | | C．Ethanol energy | D．Environmental protection |
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One reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation（毁林） is a blank stare that asks the question, "Since I don"t live there, what does it have to do with me?"
The answer is that your way of life, wherever you live in the world, is tied to the tropics in many ways. If you live in a house, wash your hair, eat fruits and vegetables, drink soda, or drive a car, you can be certain that you are affected by the loss of tropical forests.
Biologically, we are losing the richest regions on earth when, each minute, a piece of tropical forest, the size of ten city blocks, disappears. As many as five million species of plants, animals, and insects (40 to 50 percent of all living things) live there, and are being lost faster than they can be found and described. Their loss is immeasurable.
Take rubber for example. For many uses, only natural rubber from trees will do. Synthetics are not good enough. Today over half the world"s commercial rubber is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, while the Amazon"s rubber industry produces much of the world"s four million tons. And rubber is an important material in making gloves, balloons, footwear and many sporting goods. Thousands of other tropical plants are valuable for their industrial use.
Many scientists strongly believe that deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect -- or heating of the earth from increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As we destroy forests, we lose their ability to change carbon dioxide into oxygen.
Carbon dioxide levels could double within the next half-century, warming the earth by as much as 4.5 degrees. The result? A partial melt-down of polar ice caps, raising sea levels as much as 24 feet; even 15 feet could threaten anyone living within 35 miles of the coast. Unbelievable? Maybe. But scientists warn that by the time we realise the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late.
Can tropical deforestation affect our everyday lives? Now, you should have got the answer.
小题1:The underlined word "synthetics" probably means_________.| A．natural rubber | B．tropical materials | | C．man-made material | D．commercial rubber |
小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?| A．The forests are losing their function in turning carbon dioxide into oxygen. | | B．Many of our daily uses are related to the tropical forests. | | C．Tropical plants can be used to make industrial products. | | D．High carbon dioxide levels will make the earth warmer. |
小题3:The author"s attitude towards the tropical deforestation is _________ .| A．puzzling | B．cold | C．supporting | D．opposed |
小题4:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?| A．Tropical Forests | B．The Value of Tropical Forests | | C．Tropical Forests and Our Life | D．The Greenhouse Effects |
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