What if we could replace oil with a fuel which produced no pollution and which e
题型：不详难度：来源：
What if we could replace oil with a fuel which produced no pollution and which everybody had equal access to?The good news is that we can, In fact, we are swimming in it—literally.
Hydrogen is one of the building blocks of the universe ,Our own sun is basically ,a big ,dense cloud of the stuff ,And hydrogen can be used to create electricity for power ,heat and light.
The problem is that hydrogen is everywhere and nowhere at the same time , It does not exist as a material on its own ,but is always part of something else, So it has to be separated before it can be used.
Most commercial hydrogen in use now is created from natural gas , As oil will start to run out in around the year 2030.,it makes sense to produce as much hydrogen as possible as soon as we can ,But natural gas supplies will also begin to run out soon after, Another source is needed.
Researchers are now using electricity to make water into hydrogen ,Companies are working on the problem in their own areas ,The first commercial hydrogen ,”fuel cells”for computers and mobile phones have already come on to the market ,Auto companies have also invested over US ＄2billion in the production of hydrogen fuelled cars
Thd nations of a hydrogen fuelled planet would not fight over evergy recourses, There would be a great reduction in pollution ,The only by-product of creating hydrogen is pure drinking water—something that is very scarce in many parts of the world ,But that is not where the good news ends, Once the costs of producing hydrogen have been brought down ,it will possibly provide power for a third of the Earth ‘s population that has no electricity.
And electricity creates wealth, In South A frica over the last decade there has been a large programme of electrification, Thanks to the programme , people do not have to spend their days looking firewood to burn for heat, And with electric light , they can work long into the night.
Some scientists see radical changes in the way the human race co-operates, Hydrogen creates clectricity, and is also created by it. With dual use fuel cells, everyone who consumes energy could also produce it ,Late at night, a man drives home in London and connects his car into the “world-wide hydrogen web”, which it supplies with electricity ,A few hours later, a man in Beijing uses that electricity to power the hydrogen cell in his car, Hydrogen could be the first democratic energy source.
Like all dreams of the future, it seems very far away, But the threat of war and terrorism in the Middle East has made governments and businesses more aware of the need to edn oil dependency and spend more time and money on hydrogen resource, So maybe the threat of war is not a completely bad thing for the future of the human race.
小题1:What does the underlined word “it”in the last but one paragraph refer to?| A．wealth | B．hydrogen | C．electricity | D．fuel |
小题2:What is the problem with using hydrogen as energy?| A．It has by-products | | B．It has to be separated from other materials | | C．It will make energy too cheap | | D．It is too far away from us |
小题3:Why does the author give the example in the last but one paragraph?| A．To tell us that we produce energy while using hydrogen power | | B．To tell us that hydrogen power does not produce pollution | | C．To show hydrogen power can stop war | | D．To show hydrogen power is cheap |
小题4:What is the author’s attitude about the future?| A．skeptical | B．negative | C．indifferent | D．positive |
小题5:What is the passage mainly about?| A．war and energy | | B．the future of hydrogen as an energy resource | | C．the disadvantages of oil | | D．How to end war |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:D
小题5:B |
解析
试题分析：本文主要讲述的是为了我们的资源可能会枯竭，但是我们可以使用新型的hydrogen能源作为我们的主要资源。文章具体描述了分类hydrogen的困难等
小题1:C 推理题。根据本句Some scientists see radical changes in the way the human race co-operates, Hydrogen creates electricity, and is also created by it.可知这里的it就是指前一句里的clectricity指这两种物质Hydrogen和electricity是相互依存的。故C正确。
小题2:B 推理题。根据文章第三段The problem is that hydrogen is everywhere and nowhere at the same time , It does not exist as a material on its own ,but is always part of something else, So it has to be separated before it can be used.可知最大的问题是hydrogen并不是单独存在的，而是和其他的物质在一起的。所以要使用hydrogen，首先就是要把hydrogen分离出来。故B正确。
小题3:A 推理题。根据文章倒数第二段1,2行Some scientists see radical changes in the way the human race co-operates, Hydrogen creates clectricity, and is also created by it. With dual use fuel cells, everyone who consumes energy could also produce it可知举这个例子就是为了告诉我们在分离出hydrogen的时候，我们也需要消耗电能等其他能源。故A正确。
小题4:D 推理题。根据文章最后一段Like all dreams of the future, it seems very far away, But the threat of war and terrorism in the Middle East has made governments and businesses more aware of the need to edn oil dependency and spend more time and money on hydrogen resource可知作者对于未来并不是很担忧 ，而是有乐观的观点。故D正确。
小题5:.B 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是为了我们的资源可能会枯竭，但是我们可以使用新型的hydrogen能源作为我们的主要资源。文章具体描述了分类hydrogen的困难等。故B正确。 |
举一反三
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and, as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs. Computer technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with intellect and feelings, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls task like eating and breathing, does not contract with age.
Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was seen in some people in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction—using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. “Those with least possibility,” says Matsuzawa, “are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.”
小题1:The team of doctors wanted to find out _____.| A．at what point people grow mentally old | | B．how to make people live longer | | C．the size of certain people’s brains | | D．which people are the most clever |
小题2:Their research findings are based on _____.| A．an examination of farmers in northern Japan | | B．tests given on a thousand old people | | C．examining the brain volumes of different people | | D．using computer technology |
小题3:The doctors’ tests show that _____.| A．our brains contract as we grow older | | B．one part of the brain does not contract | | C．sixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds | | D．some people’s brains have contracted earlier than other people’s |
小题4:The most possible conclusion of the passage is that _____.| A．most of us take more exercise | | B．it’s better to live in the town | | C．the brain contracts if it is not used | | D．the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old |
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LG Electronics, the world’s fourth largest cell phone producer, has added another feature to the mobile phone-reading books for the visually impaired(弱视的). The company started marketing the model, the LF1300 on Sep.18. No other people but the blind and visually-impaired with a certificate(证书) can buy the talking phone at sales shops of LG Electronics.
“The LF1300 is the world’s first mobile phone that is capable of reading books for the print-disabled, who otherwise could not enjoy them. This is not about making money but about continuing to put froth efforts to reduce the digital difference for the disabled,” LG Vice President said.
Its users can download about 300 audio (声音的) books from the Internet site of LG Sangam Library to their phones for free in two ways. One is to access the digital library’s Website on a computer designed for the blind to get the audio books and transfer them to cell phones. The other is to download the digital books directly with cell phones through the wireless net work by touching a hot key on the LF1300 phone.
On top of its unique feature of reading books, the LF1300 is no worse than the popular top-line phones in both outlooks and functionalities(功能性). The phone is armed with an MP3 player and a Bluetooth headset, enabling users to listen to the music or talk without a cord. The user interface（界面) of the LF1300 is also designed for the blind, enabling phone users to control it through a voice guidance system.
However, because the phone’s internal memory of 17MB is small even for a single audio book file, which takes up 80MB on average, a high-volume external memory is a must for the talking book services.
小题1: are allowed to buy the talking phone.| A．Disabled people with a certificate | | B．All the blind and poor-sighted people | | C．The blind and poor-sighted with a certificate | | D．Both healthy and disabled citizens |
小题2: The users can download audio books on LF1300 by .| A．talking to the microphone | | B．touching any key | | C．touching its screen | | D．touching the hot key |
小题3:What can be learned from the passage?| A．This is the first time LG Company has done something for the disabled. | | B．Phone users don’t have to pay much to download the digital books. | | C．LF1300 has a less attractive outlook than any other top-line phone. | | D．The disadvantage of LF1300 is that it has too small internal memory. |
小题4:The best title of the passage might be .| A．A New Type of Cell Phone is on the Market | | B．Mobile Phones Can Read Books for the Print-Disabled | | C．The Disabled will Benefit from Cell Phone Producers | | D．Advanced Technology Helps the Blind Read Books |
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Scientists know of more than 1,000 volcanoes on the surface of Venus, Earth’s “sister” planet. A big question has been: Are they still active? The scientists say yes.
Their evidence for recent volcanic activity on Venus comes from a lava(熔岩) flow in the planet’s northern hemisphere. The flow is hotter than the rocks around, which means the lava might still be cooling off. “The flow we studied seems to be very young---it is still warm inside,” Nataliya Bondarenko said.
Venus is a difficult planet to study from Earth because it is surrounded by thick clouds. Telescopes on Earth can’t see through these clouds, so the best information about Venus comes from spacecraft orbiting it.
Bondarenko and her colleagues studied the lava flow using data from NASA’s Magellan mission. That spacecraft spent four years in orbit around Venus and used radar to make a map of 98 percent of the planet’s surface. On October 11th, 1994, the mission ended, and the spacecraft plunged (跌落) through Venus’ heavy cloud cover and crashed onto the planet below.
While in orbit, the Magellan craft sent microwaves, which can go through Venus’ clouds, to the surface. Microwaves are invisible and can be as long as three feet. These waves are a kind of energy, like light. And like light, they bounce off surfaces. The way the waves bounced off the Venus’ surface and back to the craft supplied information that the scientists used to estimate the temperature of various parts of the planet’s surface. Bondarenko’s team found that the lava flow was hotter than its surroundings---which may mean the lava flow is in the process of cooling.
The scientists say the lava flow can’t be very old because if it were, it would have cooled off enough that Magellan wouldn’t have noticed the difference in microwaves. She adds that the flow appears in a 1978 view of the surface that a craft called the Pioneer Venus Orbiter captured.
小题1:What happened to Magellan in the end?| A．It was floating in space forever. | | B．It flew into heavy clouds. | | C．It returned to the Earth. | | D．It fell onto Venus. |
小题2:How could Bondarenko judge the temperature of the Venus?| A．By looking at it with a powerful telescope. | | B．By measuring the thickness of clouds over Venus. | | C．By calculating the microwave bouncing off Venus’s surface. | | D．By orbiting Venus for 4 years in a spacecraft. |
小题3:The best title for the passage may be “______ ”.| A．Warm lava on Venus | | B．More volcanic eruptions on Venus | | C．Venus is just like a big active volcano | | D．Lava flows are first found on Venus |
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Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
A. When a child should learn to read
B. Why it is fun to teach a child reading
C. What if a child has reading problems
D. How you prepare a young child for reading
E. What is the best way to teach a child reading
F. Whether reading early promises later achievements
小题1:
Learning to read early has become one of those indicators—in parents" minds at least—that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.
小题2:
Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading, and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.
小题3:
Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the “whole language” method and the “phonic” method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a “p” and another a “b”. Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.
小题4:
You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start “ear training” their child by playing rhyme games. This develops the child"s ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.
小题5:
Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child"s learning disabilities. |
Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings. The noise that affect sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.
Decibels（分贝）measured in water are different from those measured on land. A noise of one hundred and twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one hundred and ninety-five would have the same effect.
Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one hundred and twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales.
A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that loud noises can seriously injure some animals. The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales’ ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died. The explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected.
Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one hundred and twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.
Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed. They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?| A．The man-made noises. | | B．The noises made by themselves. | | C．The sound of earthquakes. | | D．The sound of the ice-breaking. |
小题2:As to the influence of noises on whales, which of the following statements is true?| A．They are deaf to noises. | | B．Noises at a certain level may hurt them. | | C．They are easily confused by noises. | | D．Noises will limit their ability to reproduce. |
小题3: We can know from the passage that many scientists think that the noise limit of one hundred twenty decibels would______.| A．prevent them from doing their research work | | B．benefit them a lot in their research work | | C．do good to their health | | D．increase the industrial output |
小题4:According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?| A．They will try their best to decrease noise. | | B．They will work hard to cut down noise pollution. | | C．They will study the effect of different noises. | | D．They will protect animals from harmful noises. |
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