We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown a

We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown a

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We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown away polluting oceans,  killing wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they take up to 1000 years to decompose. Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a solution.
The 16-­year ­old Canadian high school student, Daniel Burd, from Waterloo Collegiate Institute,
has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade(分解) in as few as 3 months, a finding that won him first prize at the Canada-Wide Science Fair, a $10 000 prize, a $20 000 scholarship, and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue.
Burd"s strategy was simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it must be eaten by microorganisms (微生物). If those microorganisms could be identified, we could put them to work eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions.
With this goal in mind, he ground plastic bags into a powder and concocted(调制) a solution of household chemicals, yeast(酵母) and tap water to encourage microbes growth. Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for 3 months. Finally, he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags, exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control. Sure enough, the plastic exposed to the live bacteria was 17% lighter than the control after six weeks.
The inputs are cheap: maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work, and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of carbon dioxide.
“Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic bags falling on top of me. One day, I got tired of it and I wanted to know what other people are doing with these plastic bags. The answer: not much. So I decided to do something myself.” said Daniel Burd.
小题1:Daniel Burd won first prize at the Canada-Wide Science Fair because________.
A.he found a new kind of microorganism
B.he contributed much to environmental protection
C.he found a way to degrade plastics in shorter time
D.he could encourage microbes growth in an easier way
小题2:Daniel Burd exposed one plastic sample to dead bacteria to ________.
A.make the live bacteria work better
B.test how effective his method was
C.know which bacteria worked faster
D.control the temperature in the process
小题3:Maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because ________.
A.plastics can get hot easily
B.microbes can produce heat themselves
C.much carbon dioxide is produced
D.the temperature can be controlled
小题4:Daniel Burd got his idea from ________.
A.his school textbookB.the failure of researchers
C.his everyday workD.the practice of other people

答案

小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:B
小题4:C
解析

试题分析:本文是关于环保的一篇文章。主要讲述了一个加拿大的高中生,发现了一种能够快速降解塑料的方法,并因此获奖的故事。
小题1:细节理解题。从文章第二段“...has discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade(分解) in as few as 3 months, a finding that won him first prize at the Canada-Wide Science Fair...”可知,Daniel Burd因发现短时间降解塑料袋的方法而获奖。故选C。
小题2:推理判断题。从文章第四段中的“...exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control”可知,他这样做的目的在于测试他的方法是否有效。故选B。
小题3:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“maintaining the required temperature takes little energy 
because microbes produce heat as they work”可知,细菌在工作的时候会产生热量。故选B。
小题4:推理判断题。从文章最后一段丹尼尔·伯德说的话“Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, ...So I decided to do something myself.” 可推知,他是从每天的工作中得到启发的。故选C。
举一反三
A victim of climate change
A polar bear"s dead body found on the Arctic island of Svalbard, the northernmost part of Norway, has shocked experts who say climate change may be to blame for the death. The starved polar bear in Norway was said to be in good bones by the time a group of explorers came across its body in July.
The bear is thought to have been heading north in a desperate search for sea ice that would allow it to hunt for seals."From his lying position in death, the bear appears to simply have starved to health in April when the Norwegian Polar Institute examined and labeled it. However, the animal was reduced to skin and bones and died where he dropped," polar bear expert Dr. Ian Stirling, a professor at the University of Alberta said, "He had external suggestion of any remaining fat, having been reduced to little more than skin and bone."
Stirling believes the bear starved to death as a result of a lack of sea ice which the animals use as a platform for hunting seals. That may also explain why the 16-year-old male bear was found about 155 miles north of where it was seen in April.
Arctic sea ice reached a record low in 2012, according to a report released this week by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that pointed to continued signs of climate change.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature currently classifies polar bears as vulnerable on its Red List of Threatened Species.
小题1:How did Stirling know the reason for the death of the polar bear?
A.By the food he ate.B.By doing further experiments.
C.By observing other polar bears.D.By his lying position in death.
小题2:The underlined word "vulnerable" probably means _____.
A.easily hurtB.difficult to hunt
C.dangerousD.amazing
小题3:What is the author"s attitude to the incident?
A.Favorable.B.Uncaring.
C.Doubtful.D.Concerned.
小题4:Where does this text probably come from?
A.A novel.B.A guidebook.
C.A news report.D.An advertisement.

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Can we give a hand to those endangered animals? Yes, we may only do a little bit, but together our small actions add up to a lot.
1. Protect wildlife habitat.
Perhaps the greatest threat that faces many species is the widespread destruction of habitat. Cutting down forests, farming, and development all result in loss of wildlife habitat. In areas where rare species live, habitat destruction can quickly force a species to extinction. By protecting habitat, entire communities of animals can be protected together naturally. Parks and reserves are now all too often the only habitats that are left untouched by habitat destruction.
2. Reduce the threat of invasive (入侵的) species.
The spread of non-native species has greatly reduced native populations around the world. Invasive species compete with native species for resources (资源) and habitat. They can even prey on native species directly, forcing native species towards extinction.
3. Place decals (贴花纸) on windows.
It is reported that as many as one billion birds in the United States die each year because of collisions (碰撞) with windows. You can help reduce the number of collisions simply by placing decals on the windows in your home and office.
4. Slow down when driving.
Many native animals have to live in developed areas and this means they must move in human-living areas. One of the biggest obstacles (障碍) to them is that created by roads. Roads divide habitat and present a constant risk to any animal attempting to cross from one side to the other. So when you’re out and about, slow down and keep an eye out for wildlife.
小题1: What would be the best title for this passage?
A.How animals go to extinction
B.The importance of protecting wildlife
C.What to do to help save wildlife
D.How to protect wildlife habitat
小题2:By writing the underlined sentence, the writer means that _____.
A.more parks and reserves should be built
B.we should have more habitats free of destruction
C.there is a need for improvement in parks and re-serves
D.parks and reserves are good examples of protecting wildlife
小题3:People are advised to put decals on windows to _____.
A.decorate the houses and beautify the environment
B.protect the windows from birds hitting
C.attract more birds to make homes nearby
D.avoid birds hitting the windows by mistake
小题4:The underlined phrase “prey on” in the passage means _____.
A.drive awayB.live withC.kill for foodD.fight with

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Summer school is something a kid will never forget. For some, it"s a way to advance past their classmates. For most, summer school is a requirement in order to graduate with their classmates. I can remember being forced into taking a summer school course. It was not the school that forced me into this awkward situation, it was my mother.
I was a 16-year-old kid in a new school. My school did not offer summer courses so I had to take my course at an alternative school in the city. It was an experience I will never forget. I was not concerned with making friends. I was there to get credit(学分)for a course that I should have received for the previous semester. It was my doing that landed me in the situation and it was important that I understood this.
The fees were the lowest but the experience was amazing. I enjoyed I didn’t miss the day. The course was from Monday to Friday for an entire month. I passed the course with an A. I was thrown into an awkward situation but actually enjoyed it. My friends didn"t even know I took the course. Most of them were still sleeping by the time my course ended each day.
Awkward situations are so important for personal growth. This situation made me feel more independent. I made friends. I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about. While attending college, I remembered how much I enjoyed summer school and I chose to take summer school in my first three years of college. Some kids get pushed too much but some don"t get pushed enough. I was never pushed enough.
Enable your children to struggle for success. If your child needs summer school you explain to them why it"s important. Some parents are surprised by the situation and may want to be more involved in their children’s education. Follow through and follow up.
小题1:Most students go to the summer school in order to ____.
A.find good jobs
B.become top students in their class
C.have a chance to make more friends
D.graduate successfully on time
小题2:What made the author go to summer school for the first time?
A.What he had done.B.His mother"s wish.
C.His own requirement.D.Study competition.
小题3:Which of the following was NOT the benefit got by the author through attending summer school?
A.It helped him get rid of bad habits.
B.It helped him make new friends.
C.It helped him understand what sacrifice and hard work were.
D.It increased his independence.
小题4:From the last paragraph we can learn that the author _______.
A.does not like summer school at all even though it is useful
B.thinks summer school is unnecessary for children
C.encourages parents to make their children attend summer school
D.is against forcing children to attend summer school

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Shopping green can make an important contribution to protecting the planet and conserving its resources.
Today’s consumer faces a wider range of choices than ever before, Add to that the steady stream of sales campaigns, and shopping smart only gets harder. To buy economically and reduce waste, safeguard health and protect the environment, you’ll need to follow some basic principles and have a clear idea of what you want.
1. Do Your Homework
Before making any major purchase, take the time to research it. Plentiful resources are usually available online. Avoid buying in a hurry, and don’t be persuaded by overenthusiastic salespeople. Sleep on it if necessary—you won’t regret giving yourself some extra time to think.
2. Take the Long View
Consider the running costs as well as the initial price of any item you buy. Many environmentally friendly products cost more to buy, but save you money in the long run. Choose items that are made to last. For example, pick a sofa that has a hardwood or steel frame rather than one made of softwood, which may break easily.
3. Skip the Disposable Option
Buy reusable products like washable cloth towels, handkerchiefs, serviettes(餐巾)and cleaning cloths rather than paper, single-use varieties. Avoid other disposable supplies like cups, glasses, and chopsticks, too.
4. Take the Local Route
Buy local products that are in season. It’s usually cheaper and fresher and has less harm to the environment. Markets and roadside stands are good sources. Some supermarkets also buy from local producers. Support it if you have one.
5. Avoid Wasteful Packaging
Better not buy products that have too much packaging. It’s estimated that approximately 10 percent of every shopping bill is actually paying for packaging—which you normally just throw away! Moreover, significant amounts of energy are used in the production of packaging. Purchasing refillable and renewable containers can also help cut this kind of waste.
小题1:What could be the best title for this passage?
A.Protection of the Planet
B.Green Shopping Principles
C.Environmentally Friendly Products
D.Resource Conservation
小题2:The underlined phrase “sleep on it” has the similar meaning with      .
A.think it overB.forget about it
C.set it asideD.put it into action
小题3:Why does the author advise us to buy lasting products?
A.Because they are less expensive to buy.
B.Because they save money in the long run.
C.Because they will never break.
D.Because they are local products.
小题4:Which of the following can be considered green shopping?
A.Following the stream of sales campaigns.
B.Buying disposable chopsticks.
C.Focusing on packaging.
D.Purchasing from local markets.

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Unlike traditional commercials, Public Service Advertisements(PSA)are primarily designed to inform and educate rather than sell a product or service. The goal of a PSA is not to make a big sale, but rather to change public opinion and raise awareness for a problem.
Smokey Bear has been a recognized symbol of the protection of America’s forests from fire. It is created to educate the public about the dangers of wildfires. Smokey Bear was started in 1944 with the slogan, “Smokey Bear Says—Care will prevent 9 out of 10 forest fires”. Smokey Bear’s later slogan,  “Remember! Only You Can Prevent Forest Fires”, was created in 1947 by the Advertising Council in America. In April 2001, the message was changed to “Only You Can Prevent Wildfires”.
The wildfire prevention campaign with Smokey Bear is one of the longest and most successful campaigns in advertising history. The Advertising Council often was in partnership with other organizations and groups to create various advertising for Smokey Bear since 1944.
The Advertising Council teamed with Walt Disney Company to create a series of PSAs. The ads feature(以···为形象)characters form the classic film Sleeping Beauty and aim to reach parents and children. The lovely Bambi also appeared in the advertisements. Mickey Mouse is much more popular throughout the country.
Those PSAs, which appear on television, on the radio, in the newspaper and on the website continue to remind Americans about the importance of wildfire prevention have helped to reduce the number of acres burned annually by wildfires. According to recent survey, Smokey Bear and his famous words of wisdom “Only You Can Prevent Wildfires” are recalled by 3 out of 4 adults.
In addition to the PSA campaign, Smokey Bear has his own U.S. postage stamp and website for more information about wildfire prevention. From the website, you can also learn all about wildfires and how we can protect our forests.
小题1:PSA are primarily designed to     .
A.educate the publicB.change people’s status
C.discuss a problemD.sell products or services
小题2:Which of the following is true of the Smoky Bear?
A.It is one recognized symbols of Walt Disney cartoons.
B.It firstly appeared in America in 1944 with no slogan.
C.It is created to warn Americans of the dangers of wildfires.
D.Its slogan changes every three years.
小题3:How does the author support his topic in Paragraph 4?
A.By summing up.B.By giving examples.
C.By comparison.D.By asking questions.
小题4:According to this text, Smoky Bear      .
A.helps a lot to reduce wildfires in America
B.isn’t popular among the American pupils
C.has set up its own website to advertise products
D.becomes the symbol of the Advertising Council

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