Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. Fo
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Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed.
There are different kinds of pollutants, each of which comes from different sources. It is necessary to identify the source of pollution, in order to make a policy to eliminate them.
Different products, processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the major source of pollution. The forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three kinds—solid, liquid and gas.
These pollutions have greatly damaged our planet and continue to do so. In fact, pollution is threatening our existence. The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing. Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to man’s existence.
We must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems. For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution, the public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and so on.
The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our later generation. Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. Measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government. Laws have been passed to stop pollution, I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.
小题1: How many examples of environmental problems are given in the first paragraph?小题2: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?| A．In all there are three kinds of pollution | | B．If people continue to pollute our planet, there will be no trees. | | C．Industrial pollution has been completely controlled. | | D．Laws have been passed to stop pollution and protect our environment. |
小题3: The sentence “We hope that all these measures will be effective and bring back a healthy environment” can best be put at the end of paragraph _____.小题4: The writer’s attitude towards the future of the earth is _____.| A．despair | B．negative | C．optimistic | D．hopeless |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:C |
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了全世界的环境问题变得越来越严重，事实上，污染正威胁我们的生存。政府已经采取了很多措施去解决这些环境问题，法律已被通过以制止污染。我们希望这些措施的有效实施能带给我们一个健康的环境。
小题1:细节理解题。根据cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed.汽车污染引起的大气污染；山上的树木被砍伐；污水进入河流；垃圾被随意地处理，这四个方面的环境问题，故选C。
小题2:细节理解题。根据Laws have been passed to stop pollution, I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.已经通过法律的手段来阻止环境的污染，故选D。
小题3:推理判断题。根据We must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems. 这是本段的中心句，我们要面对存在的形式，采取措施解决我们的环境问题，最后都希望这有效的措施能还给我们一个健康的环境，故选C。
小题4:推理判断题。根据Laws have been passed to stop pollution, I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.可知作者对未来的环境充满希望，故推出作者是以乐观主义的态度，故选C。
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Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard,they also relax just as well. Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional well-being一and it’s no surprise to health care professionals.
“Rest, relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people’s well-being and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities, such as exercise and meditation, but vacation is an important part of this as well,” said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off. “We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing, so a rested, relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better,” said Withers.
Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind. “The impact that taking a vacation has on one’s mental health is great,” said Francine Lederer, a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management. “Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation, even if it is a 24- hour time-out.” The trips could be good for their health, good for their family and good for their businesses.
The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010, and according to their data the average American earned 18 vacation days一but only used 14 of them. France topped the list, with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans’ responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued, but that’s not always good for the individual, the family or the employer.
Psychologists have also found that people who don’t take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future. “Without time and opportunity to do this, the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker, making it actually more difficult to shift into less-stressed states,” Mulhem said.
小题1:How did the author introduce the topic of the text?| A．By making comparisons. | B．By giving an example. | | C．By raising questions. | D．By providing data. |
小题2:Expedia’s survey shows that Americans _____.| A．dislike family gatherings | | B．have the shortest vacation | | C．enjoy as many vacations as the French | | D．think much of spending long hours on the job |
小题3:What can be inferred from the last paragraph?| A．One should never wait to relax. | | B．Work and rest go against each other. | | C．Time and opportunity wait for no man. | | D．A relaxed mind determines everything. |
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A farmer can map his fields on GPS, spotting where soil turned out to be least fertile（肥沃的） and using more fertilizer the next year in those areas where corn didn’t grow as well.
Although Ohio farmers produced more corn, it was grown on less land than in the past years. Total area used for corn in Ohio was 3.35 million acres, about the same as in 2008 but down from 3.85 million acres in 2007, said Dwayne Siekman, director of the Ohio Corn Growers Association. “When you look at the total number of acres in Ohio used for corn, it’s clear that farmers are able to do more with less,” he said. “American farmers can grow five times more corn on 20 percent less land than they did in the 1930s, saying that modern farming techniques are necessary for a growing demand in the world today.” That technology includes using improved seeds that can withstand(忍受) greater temperature extremes and pests, Siekman said.
Farmers aren"t the only ones who benefit. Consumers(消费者) do, too, as food costs reduce in the face of “enough supplies of corn,” said Fred Yoder, who runs a 1,500-acre corn, soybean and wheat farm in Plain City. “This is the best, highest-producing corn crop that I"ve raised in 30 years,” he said.
小题1:Most people usually use the GPS system for ______.| A．driving their cars | | B．telling the position | | C．mending the car | | D．supplying the sunshine |
小题2:The farmers in Ohio use GPS to ______.| A．check if the soil is fertile in some areas | | B．control the rain of the place | | C．water the crops if the weather is dry | | D．draw the map of all the crops |
小题3:Why did Ohio farmers produce more corn?| A．Because they expanded more land to grow corn | | B．Because they turned to technological advances | | C．Because they used more and more fertilizer. | | D．Because they supplies themselves with more money. |
小题4: From the passage, we can know _____.[| A．John Davis hadn’t expected a good harvest. | | B．farmers grew less land than in the 1930s | | C．improved seeds cost much more money | | D．the output of corn in the same field is increased. |
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All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags，bottles and containers—plastic products of all kinds.
The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert，with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.
In recent years，there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full，lessening their desire to eat or drink.
The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.
Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier，another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber duckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.
In August，2009，a team from the University of California，San Diego became the latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch’s effect on ocean environment.
小题1: How did the writer introduce the topic of the passage?| A．By giving an example. | | B．By listing the facts. | | C．By telling a story. | | D．By giving a comparison. |
小题2:What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?| A．It is made up of various kinds of plastic products. | | B．It is a solid mass of floating waste materials. | | C．It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California. | | D．It is described as a kind of oceanic desert. |
小题3:Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?| A．Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water. | | B．Because the polluted plastic articles will move up the food chain. | | C．Because it may be from an island in the pacific. | | D．Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste. |
小题4: The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.| A．warn people of the danger to travel in the pacific | | B．analyze what caused the waste patch in the pacific | | C．give advice on how to recycle waste in the ocean | | D．introduce the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch |
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This year’s Newsweek list of the top 100 high schools shows that today those with fewer students are rising.
Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek Top School List based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22.
Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern high schools outside the cities with thousands of students. Big schools meant economic efficiency, a greater choice of courses, and better football teams. But only years later did we understand that it involved the difficulty of strengthening personal connections between teachers and students. SAT scores began dropping; on average, 30% of students did not complete high school in four years, a figure that rose to 50% in poor city neighborhoods. High schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.
Size isn’t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable trend toward smaller schools. This has been partly due to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools — most of them with about 400 kids, each with an average enrollment of only 150 students per grade. About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred.
Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, California, is one of those ranking No.423 — among the top 2% in the country. In 2003, Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses”. 300 students arriving ninth graders are randomly assigned to one of the houses, where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five mornings a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents. Along with the new structure came the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.”It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,” says Jeff Gilbert. “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who know them and care for them.”
But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.
Ranking schools is always controversial. Over the years this system has been criticized for its simplicity — list of top U.S. high schools was made merely according to the proportion of students taking college-level exams. This year a group of 38 superintendents (地区教育主管) from five states wrote to ask that their schools should be excluded from the calculation. “It is impossible to know which high schools are ‘the best’ in the nation,” their letter read. “Determining whether different schools do or don’t offer a high quality of education requires a look at many different measures, including students’ overall academic accomplishments, their later performance in college, and taking into consideration the unique needs of their communities.”
小题1:What can we learn about the schools sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation? | A．They are often located in poor neighborhoods. | | B．They are popular with high-achieving students. | | C．They are mostly small in size. | | D．Another 150 schools invested by the Foundation are planned to be set up. |
小题2:According to Jeff Gilbert, the classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could ______.| A．tell their teachers what they did on weekends | | B．experience a great deal of pleasure in learning | | C．maintain closer relationships with their teachers | | D．deal with the demanding biology and physics courses |
小题3:Newsweek ranks high schools according to ______.| A．their students’ academic achievement | | B．the number of their students admitted to college | | C．the size and number of their graduating classes | | D．their college-level test participation |
小题4:What attitude does the author have towards the present trend in high school education? | A．Subjective. | B．Objective. | C．Indifferent. | D．Disapproving. |
小题5:Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?| A．Providing Good Education for Baby Boomers | | B．Top School List Winning National Support | | C．Small Schools Rising in popularity | | D．Students Meeting Higher Academic Standards |
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Risk of death is 3.5 t0 5 times greater for obese smokers than it is for people who have never smoked and are at a normal weight, according to a study published in the November, 2006 issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
The study, which began with a self-administered questionnaire taken between 1983 and 1989, asked more than 80,000 radiologic technologists aged 22 t0 92 questions about age, height, weight and smoking behavior.
BMI (body mass index) was calculated, with a BMI of 30 t0 34.9 being considered obese, and 35 and over being very obese. Smoking behavior was analyzed by looking at a person"s tobacco consumption level, number of years smoked, and current smoking status. Researchers then followed participants through December of 2002, noting the number of deaths that occurred.
The study involved researchers from the National Cancer Institute, the University of Minnesota and the American Registry of Radiolegic Technologists.
Key Findings:
20 percent of obese adults in the United States smoke.
Obese smokers face a greater risk of death from cancer and circulatory disease.
Current smoking is a greater risk factor for death by cancer than obesity is, generally speaking.
The higher a person"s pack-years (number of packs smoked per day times the number of years smoked) are, the greater the risk of death.
Men and women of all ages faced an elevated risk of death due to circulatory disease as BMI increased. And for those who were both obese and currently smoking, risk of circulatory disease increased 6 to 11 times under the age of 65, as compared to their never-smoking, normal weight counterparts.
While it"s not surprising that obesity coupled with smoking is a recipe for trouble, it is important to highlight this growing health concern in America today.
Taking Charge of Your Health
Making healthy choices can be difficult when we"re constantly bombarded with products that are hazardous to our health, but it"s not impossible. With education and some motivation, we all have the ability to make lasting changes for the better. If you"re an overweight smoker worried about gaining weight due to quitting, take heart. It"s never too late to change your course and even reverse damage to some extent.
小题1:What is the probably the best title of the text?
A. Obese smoking and death B. Key findings about smoking
C Taking charge of your health D. Obesity and smoking
小题2:Which of the following is true according to the text?| A．Obese smokers are less likely to suffer from cancer | | B．Obese smokers are more likely to suffer from cancer | | C．Obese smokers .tend to gain fewer body mass index. | | D．Obese smokers tend to get heavier than those Who never smoke |
小题3:According to the author, it is________to get rid of smoking.| A．easy and possible | B．difficult and impossible | | C．easy ant worthwhile | D．difficult but worthwhile |
小题4: What is the American Journal of Preventive Medicine?
A. An medical institute. B A research center.
C. A medical magazine D. A TV station
小题5: What is the purpose of the text?| A．To inform the readers of the findings about obese smoking. | | B．To warn the readers of the danger of obese smoking. | | C．To tell us what obese smoking is. | | D．To call on the obese smolkers to quit smoking. |
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