Across countryside, non-food crops are growing alongside wheat．Some are used in
题型：不详难度：来源：
Across countryside, non-food crops are growing alongside wheat．Some are used in new alternatives to plastics and other materials, but others will simply be burned．
Burning crops is becoming more popular because it is good for the planet．Doing so is also cheaper than burning fossil fuels．As more land is devoted to non-food crop production, the economics of crops for fuel are likely to become even more favorable．
Humans have been burning such biomass—organic materials from plants or animals— since they discovered fire．But that burning fossil fuels could have catastrophic consequences has brought biomass back into fashion．
Even allowing for emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide from fuel used in planting, harvesting, processing and transporting biomass fuel, replacing fossil fuel with biomass can typically reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 90 percent．
Power stations around the world are experimenting with forms of biomass to add to their coal or oil, with encouraging results．Indeed, power companies could profit by turning to biomass, especially when the subsidies (补助) many governments offer for using renewable energy are taken into account．
Farmers can benefit from growing biomass．In Europe, the reduction of subsidies for certain crops is exposing farmers to market forces．Instead of being paid for whatever they produce, farmers must seek a clear demand for their product．Many believe that the demand for alternatives to fossil fuels could be just such a driver．
But while biomass offers a variety of potential alternatives, the world"s infrastructure (基础设施） has developed around burning fossil fuels to such a stage that switching to biomass involves a change in conception that many companies have not accepted．
Also, there are problems with using biomass．Although most coal-fired power stations could take a small amount of their fuel from biomass without significant adjustment, few are built to run on biomass alone．Burning some forms of biomass also causes environmental problems．Oils and waste can be smelly, while wood produces smoke unless burned properly．
The supply chains for fossil fuels are set up well, but those for biomass are just the beginning. Sources of supply for biomass rely on farm production and can therefore be less reliable. They are necessarily limited and it wouldn"t make sense to turn a very large amount of valuable agricultural land away from food crops．But as the world adjusts to the need to control greenhouse gas emissions, these problems may receive more attention．
小题1:What do we know about biomass?| A．It is a useful way of burning crops． | | B．It is plant and animal matter used to provide power． | | C．It is a new alternative to be used widely． | | D．It is a popular approach to fighting against pollution． |
小题2:What are the advantages of using biomass?
a．It gives off less greenhouse gases．
b．It helps farmers receive subsidies for what they produce．
c．It has met the clear demand for energy．
d．It has brought subsidies for some power companies．
e．It is cheaper than burning fossil fuels．| A．a, b, c | B．b, c, d | C．c, d, e | D．a, d, e |
小题3:For coal-fired power stations, ______．| A．more effective ways to use biomass have been tried | | B．using renewable energy has become their daily task | | C．burning biomass alone would require considerable changes | | D．setting up dependable supply channels needs governments" support |
小题4:What is the author"s attitude towards biomass fuels?| A．Defensive． | B．Doubtful． | C．Negative． | D．Objective |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:D |
解析
试题分析：文章讲述了生物质能的好处及其生物质现在并没有得到广泛运用的原因，同时作者相信在不久的将来肯定能够解决这些问题，它会被广泛的运用。
小题1:细节题。从文章Humans have been burning such biomass—organic materials from plants or animals可知，生物质能是一种燃烧植物或是动物来获取能量的东西，故选B
小题2:细节题。从文章Doing so is also cheaper than burning fossil fuels．；biomass can typically reduce greenhouse gas emissions by more than 90 percent． ；Farmers can benefit from growing biomass．In Europe, the reduction of subsidies for certain crops is exposing farmers to market forces可知生物能的好处是便宜，排放温室气体少，能够获得政府的补助，故选D
小题3:细节推断题从Although most coal-fired power stations could take a small amount of their fuel from biomass without significant adjustment,及倒数第一，第二段可知，依靠煤发电的电厂如果用生物质能的话需要相当大的改变，故选C
小题4:推断题。从全文来看，作者并没有推崇也没有反对这种能源，只是非常客观的态度说明了它的使用情况，故选D
点评：本文文脉清晰，但是文意较难理解。说明文是历年高考很常见的文体，对于科技类的说明文比较难，而对于说物的文体较容易。本文中，把握好一个中心即作者对于生物质能进行了客观的介绍。同时，此类文章细节题居多，在对文章看懂了的基础在仔细对比选项和文章，即可得出答案。 |
举一反三
We use an average of 158 liters of water a day in Britain, for which we pay a bargain price of 28p a liter, but much of this is just cash down the drain, according to water companies.
Most are campaigning to cut the amount we use. And the frontline weapon in their campaign is the water meter (计量器). They want us all to have one and one company is seeking powers to make this compulsory.
The Government is anxious for us to use less water, too. Elliot Morley, the Environment Minister, says he is impressed by the savings when a meter is installed. In most homes, consumption drops by 20 percent.
He also thinks consumers get a good deal from meters. He said, “Most people would find that they would either be exactly the same or better off with water meters and it is a fairer way of paying for water.”
At present, only 25% of households have meters and most of those are in East Anglia. They are installed by water companies, and households then have about ￡43 added to each bill to cover the cost of installing and reading the meter.
Barrie Clarke, a spokesman for Water UK, said, “We want everyone to be more water wise—to think about the amount of water they use. But with our climate change and different weather patterns, over time it will make economic and environmental sense to think how we use water. This may mean meters.”
Mr. Clarke believes the easiest way to save water is to use less in the garden. In one hour, a sprinkler uses the same amount of water as the average family of four uses in a day—about 632 liters. He said that gardeners should water in the evening so that it dose not evaporate in the heat of the day and that every household should have a water butt to collect rainwater for use in the garden.
小题1:Which of the following is NOT the advantage of installing water meters?| A．Water consumption drops. | | B．It’s fairer to pay for water. | | C．They’re installed for free. | | D．People are more water wise. |
小题2:The passage implies that ________.| A．water meters are welcome by British people | | B．people will be better off with water meters | | C．everyone has become wiser to use water now | | D．saving water is both good to economy and environment |
小题3:How many liters of water does an average family of four use in a day after installing a meter in Britain?| A．about 126 liters | B．about 158 liters | | C．about 506 liters | D．about 632 liters |
小题4:The underlined word “evaporate” in the last paragraph means _________.| A．change into steam and disappears | | B．absorb the heat of the day | | C．sink into the soil | | D．turn into ice |
小题5:According to Mr. Clarke, some good ways to save water are as follows EXCEPT ________.| A．using less on the garden | | B．using a sprinkler | | C．watering in the evening | | D．gathering rainfall for garden use |
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D
Life is difficult.
It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it, then life is no longer difficult.
Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties stand for a special kind of suffering especially forced on them or else on their families, their class, or even their nation.
What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause sadness, or loneliness or regret or anger or fear.
These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes a lot of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure. When we want to encourage the growth of human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct(指导).” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.
小题1:Which sentence best express the central point of the passage?| A．Problems and difficulties represent a special kind of suffering. | | B．We become stronger by facing and solving problems of life. | | C．Life is difficult because our problems bring us pain. | | D．People like to complain about their problems. |
小题2:The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to ___.| A．save space | B．persuade readers | | C．make readers laugh | D．get readers’ attention |
小题3:The main idea of paragraph 3 is that _________.| A．most people feel life is easy | | B．the writer feel life is easy | | C．the writer likes to complain about his problems | | D．most people complain about how hard their lives are |
小题4:According to the passage, we give school children difficult problems to solve in order to ______.| A．encourage them to learn | | B．teach them to fear the pain of solving the problems | | C．help them learn to deal with pain | | D．teach them how to respect problems |
小题5:The saying from Benjamin Franklin “Those things that hurt, instruct” suggests that ______.| A．we do not learn from experience | | B．we do not learn when we are in pain | | C．pain teaches us important lessons | | D．pain cannot be avoided |
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The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be 小题1: . Solitude can be hard to discover once it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have 小题2: our culture.
The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(an) 小题3: as we’ve known. People have become so 小题4: in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted even if they’d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog to share our ideas, not only from our 小题5: , but from our mobile phones as well.
Most developed nations have become 小题6: on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 小题7: it would make them an outsider. 小题8: , many jobs and careers require people to be 小题9: . From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a 小题10: to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.
I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who really wants it. Computers can be shut down and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many 小题11: , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up 小题12: on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel 【小题13】 and forced to answer unwanted calls or reply to unwanted texts.
Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society 【小题14】 according to different generations. Some find today’s technology a gift. Others consider it a 【小题15】 . Regardless of anyone’s view on the subject, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like without keeping up with the advancements in technology.
| 小题13: | | A．updated | B．received | C．shared | D．collected |
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| 小题14: | | A．respected | B．shaped | C．ignored | D．preserved |
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| 小题15: | | A．edge | B．stage | C．end | D．balance |
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| 小题16: | | A．sensitive | B．intelligent | C．considerate | D．reachable |
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| 小题17: | | A．media | B．computers | C．databases | D．monitors |
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| 小题18: | | A．bent | B．hard | C．keen | D．dependent |
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| 小题19: | | A．finding | B．using | C．protecting | D．changing |
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| 小题20: | | A．Also | B．Instead | C．Otherwise | D．Somehow |
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| 小题21: | | A．connected | B．trained | C．recommended | D．interested |
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| 小题22: | | A．pleasure | B．benefit | C．burden | D．disappointment |
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| 小题23: | | A．aspects | B．weaknesses | C．advantages | D．exceptions |
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| 小题24: | | A．hidden | B．lost | C．relaxed | D．deserted |
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| 小题25: | | A．amused | B．excited | C．confused | D．trapped |
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| 小题26: | | A．vary | B．arise | C．spread | D．exist |
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| 小题27: | | A．present | B．tendency | C．progress | D．curse |
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A
For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?
Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents’ point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents’ complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely.
In this article, I’ll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the dilemma. The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen’s hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child’s failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn’t matter what the topic is — politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg — the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority — someone who actually knows something — and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they’ll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.
小题1:Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?| A．Both can continue for generations. | | B．Both are about where to draw the line. | | C．Neither has any clear winner. | | D．Neither can be put to an end. |
小题2:What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?| A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict. | | B．The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict. | | C．The teens accuse their parents of misleading them. | | D．The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents. |
小题3:Parents and teens want to be right because they want to ________.| A．give orders to the other | B．know more than the other | | C．gain respect from the other | D．get the other to behave properly |
小题4:What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?| A．Causes for the parent-teen conflicts. | | B．Examples of the parent-teen war. | | C．Solutions for the parent-teen problems. | | D．Future of the parent-teen relationship. |
小题5:Where do you think this passage can be found?| A．In a report. | B．In a letter. | | C．In a novel. | D．In a textbook. |
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C
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake everything to do for children that only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity. It can be seen and observed.
Learning to read, however, involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.
小题1:The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that
________.| A．it is one of the most difficult school courses | | B．students spend endless hours in reading | | C．reading tasks are assigned with little guidance | | D．too much time is spent in teaching about reading |
小题2:The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.| A．teachers can improve conditions at school for the students | | B．teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading | | C．teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading | | D．teachers can make their teaching activities observable |
小题3:The underlined word “scrutiny” most probably means “________”.| A．inquiry | B．observation | C．control | D．suspect |
小题4:According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when
________.| A．children become highly motivated | | B．teacher and learner roles are interchangeable | | C．teaching helps children in the search for knowledge | | D．reading enriches children’s experience |
小题5: The main idea of the passage is that ________.| A．teachers should do nothing in helping students learn to read | | B．teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible | | C．reading ability is something acquired rather than taught | | D．reading is more complicated than generally believed |
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