The scientific world continues to be amazed by the speed of the development of c
题型：不详难度：来源：
The scientific world continues to be amazed by the speed of the development of cloning. Some scientists now suggest that the cloning of humans could occur in the near future. Despite the benefits of cloning, however, certain ethical (道德的) questions concerning the possible abuse (滥用) of cloning have been raised. At the heart of these questions is the idea of humans influencing life in a way that could harm society, either morally or in a real physical sense. Some people object to cloning because it allows scientists to "act like God" in the handling of living organisms.
The cloning of Dolly raised the debate over this practice to a whole new level. It has become obvious that the technology for cloning Dolly could also be used to clone humans. A person could choose to make two or ten or a hundred copies of himself or herself by the same techniques used with Dolly. An active debate about the morality of cloning humans arises. Some people see benefits from the practice, such as providing a way for parents to produce a new child to replace one dying of a fatal disease. Other people worry about humans taking into their own hands the future of the human race.
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, many scientists say the controversy over the ethics of cloning humans is overstressed because of the unpredictability (不可预测性) of cloning in general. While scientists have cloned animals such as sheep, mice, cows, pigs, and goats, fewer than 3 percent of all those cloning efforts have succeeded. The animal clones that have been produced often have health problems. Scientists believe the rapid reprogramming in cloning can introduce random (任意的) errors into a clone’s DNA. Those errors have altered individual genes in minor ways, and the genetic defects (缺陷) have led to the development of major medical problems. Some scientists say this should make human cloning out of the question, but others argue that cloning humans may actually be easier and safer than cloning animals. Whatever, I agree that further research in the field of cloning is needed.
小题1:Some people are against cloning of humans because they think _________.
A．the practice takes too much time and money
| B．the cloning technology is still not mature
| C．humans control the future of the human race
| D．the population in the world will be too large |
小题2:Some scientists think the debate over ethics of cloning humans is overstressed because ____.
A．cloning of human beings is completely impossible
| B．the result of cloning can’t be predicted in general
| C．cloning of animals is a failure
| D．there are big errors in a clone’s DNA |
小题3:We can learn from the text that _______.
A．cloning of humans is a very controversial issue
| B．the cloning of Dolly begins to raise the debate over cloning of humans
| C．there are medical problems in cloning animals
| D．cloning humans is easier and safer than cloning animals |
小题4:The text is mainly about _______.
A．the benefits of cloning
| B．the ethics of cloning
| C．the history of cloning
| D．the defects of cloning |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:A
小题4:B |
解析
试题分析：本文主要讲述的就是关于克隆人的话题，有人支持，有人反对。具体介绍了克隆的很多方面的信息。
小题1:C 推理题。根据第一段最后4行At the heart of these questions is the idea of humans influencing life in a way that could harm society, either morally or in a real physical sense. Some people object to cloning because it allows scientists to "act like God" in the handling of living organisms. 说明也许在未来科学家就像"act like God" in the handling of living organisms上帝一样来控制人类了。故C正确。
小题2:B 细节题。根据文章第三段前3行 At the beginning of the twenty-first century, many scientists say the controversy over the ethics of cloning humans is overstressed because of the unpredictability (不可预测性) of cloning in general.说明在克隆的时候，存在着很大的不可预测性，也许克隆出来的不是我们是想要的。
小题3:A 推理题。根据文章第二段内容可知克隆引起了人们很大的争论，有人支持，有人反对，是一个争议话题。故A正确。
小题4:B 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的就是关于克隆人的话题，有人支持，有人反对。具体介绍了克隆的很多方面的信息。故B正确。
考点：
点评：本文主要讲述的就是关于克隆人的话题，有人支持，有人反对。具体介绍了克隆的很多方面的信息。本文主旨鲜明,很容易在文中找到答案。做题时要注意文章的首段和每一段的首句或尾句，因为它们往往就是文章的主题句。阅读中要注意要点之间的关系。然后带着问题，再读全文，找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读任务。 |
举一反三
Your Car Is Ready for Take-off
The flying car has been talked about for many years，but now it appears that the idea is about to become a reality.
An international company has built a two-seater plane that, at the touch of a button ，transforms into a car perfectly suitable for driving on public roads. It has been designed so that the wings fold up automatically； and it takes just 15 seconds to switch between flying and driving. With its wings fully open and the propeller(螺旋桨）spinning, it can take off from any airfield.
Flying cars are quicker than traditional ones for travelling from city to city，and they can run on ordinary fuel. Another big advantage is that they are cool ，like something you would see in an action film. At the moment 9 however, the flying car’s wheels are illegal to leave the ground. That is not because of technical reasons or problems with the design. It is because the various road and aircraft authorities simply cannot agree on whether it is a car or a plane.
“The government and the authorities have never thought seriously about a flying car, says Alan Price ，the president of the company that has developed it. “I wanted a car that could fly and drive ，but it is difficult to find an organization prepared to insure the vehicle against accidents.
Nevertheless ? the company hopes to produce and deliver its first flying car soon. The company already has orders for 40 of them. The majority the potential customers are older and some are retired。There have even been orders from some people who have no pilot"s license.
The flying car will cost around $ 200.000. “For an airplane ， that’s a very reasonable price， but for a car, It"s quite expensive，” explains Alan. “But it just is not possible to make a $ 10，000 flying car yet. ”
This latest means of transport will not become a mass-market item in the near future，but in the long term it has the potential to change the way you travel. It will become no more expensive than driving your car on the motorway. Travel time could be reduced by more than half.
So the next time you are told to fasten your seat belt, it may be to prepare for take-off.
小题1:We know from the passage that the flying car______| A．has to run on special fuel | B．will replace traditional planes | | C．is popular with the rich | D．can shift between two forms |
小题2:The flying car is presently forbidden to take off because______.| A．many people think driving it not very safe | | B．it’s hard to decide whether it"s a car or a plane | | C．the government and the authorities don’t accept it | | D．there are still some technical problems to be solved |
小题3:We can learn from the passage that______.| A．few people will be able to afford a flying car | | B．flying cars may share the market in the future | | C．traffic jams will disappear because of flying cars | | D．driving a flying car doesn’t require a pilot’s license |
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The use of lotteries (彩票) to allocate (分配) school places is to be reviewed by the British government because more than 20 percent of children are failing to get into their first-choice schools in parts of the country.
The struggle for secondary school places has reached record levels this year, increasing anxiety for hundreds of thousands of families. A report from 43 local authorities suggests that in many areas, up to a fifth of children face disappointment. Families in London are the hardest hit.
This week is admissions week, when about 570,000 families will receive notice about their child’s secondary school acceptance. As the recession (不景气) forces more parents to consider a state education rather than a private one for their children, more than a third of local authorities have noted rises in the number of applications for secondary school places.
This year, just 62 percent of children in Richmond-upon-Thames got into their parents’ first-choice school, down from 64 percent last year. The council said this was caused by an increase in applications.
In another London authority, Tower Hamlet, 71.1 percent of children were admitted to their parents’ first choice school. In Leeds and Warwickshire, 85 percent were successful. In Derby the figure was 81 percent, while in Wiltshire, Stockport and Lincolnshire, the figure was 89 percent.
In many authorities, the figures are similar to those of last year. Exceptions include Brighton and Hove, which introduced a lottery system to allocate oversubscribed places last year. This year, it has seen a 3.5 percent increase in the number of children obtaining their first choice, bringing the total to nearly 88 percent. However, more than 5 percent of children in this area have been allocated a place at a school that was not among any of their choices.
Lotteries are being used at the government’s suggestion by a small number of oversubscribed schools in around twenty-five local authorities. They were meant to prevent middle-class parents from abusing the system by buying or renting homes close to the best schools.
小题1:According to the passage, more and more parents in Britain prefer to send their children to _______.| A．a state school | B．a private school | | C．a school in London | D．a school in Brighton |
小题2:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?| A．The lottery system is certainly a good way to allocate school places. | | B．Over one in five children fail to get into their first-choice schools in parts of Britain. | | C．The lottery system is welcomed by parents around twenty-five local authorities. | | D．The number of applications for secondly school places is falling this year. |
小题3:In the following places, the highest preferred school admission rate is in _______.| A．Richmond-upon-Thames | B．Brighton and Hove | | C．Lincolnshire | D．Derby |
小题4:The purpose of using lottery system is to ________.| A．keep middle-class parents buying or renting homes close to the best schools. | | B．increase the number of children obtaining their first choice | | C．decrease the number of applications for some good schools | | D．create equality between children from different social classes |
小题5:The passage is most probably taken from _______.| A．a survey on education | B．a textbook on science | | C．a speech on radio | D．an essay on economy |
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The forces that make Japan one of the world"s most earthquake-prone(有…倾向的) countries could become part of its long-term energy solution．
Water from deep below the ground at Japan"s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity．
Although Japanese high-tech companies are leaders in geothermal(地热的) technology and export it, its use is limited in the nation．
"Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy," said Yoshiyasu Takefuji, a leading researcher of thermal-electric power production．
The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11, 2011 caused a reaction against atomic power, which previously made up 30 percent of Japan"s energy needs, and increased interest in alternative energies, which account for only 8 percent．
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy, following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs．
For now, geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan, which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power．
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories．Another problem is that Japan"s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden．
"We can"t even dig 10cm inside national parks．" said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric, adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow．
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said, "Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades-long project．We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decrease in the short term．"
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington, US, believed Japan could produce 80,000 megawatts（兆瓦）and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology．
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology, with a 70 percent market share．In 2010, Fuji Electric built the world"s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand．
小题1:What would be the best title for the text?| A．Alternative energies in Japan | | B．Japan thinks of geothermal energy | | C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology | | D．World"s largest geothermal plant |
小题2:What percentage of Japan"s energy needs is geothermal energy?| A．About 8%． | B．Around 30%． | C．Below 1%． | D．Over 80%． |
小题3:According to Shigeto Yamada, the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs ____．| A．high technology | B．financial support | | C．local people"s help | D．a change of rules |
小题4:Geothermal energy is considered as a long-term program by _____．
A．Hideaki Matsui B Yoshiyasu Takefuji． C．Shigeto Yamada D．Yoko Ono
小题5:It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that _____．| A．the world"s biggest geothermal plant was built by America | | B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology | | C．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan | | D．the potential of Japan"s geothermal energy is great |
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Elaine Yu Yee-nee, 15, Creative Secondary School
Lockers are designed in a way to hide their contents for a reason. Otherwise, they’d have open fronts like cupboards. Searching students’ lockers would be total invasion(侵犯) of privacy. Having a locker is more than having a place to store your stuff. A locker also gives you the freedom to keep certain things hidden. These can include harmless personal items like diaries, letters and photos. Searching lockers could discomfit students and others might make fun of them.
Yes, lockers are school property(财产). But that doesn’t give schools the right to inspect lockers as they please. While students are using lockers, they have the right to keep their contents private. Teachers could ask for permission to take a look inside a student’s locker and if the student is OK with that, then it would be fine. Searching students’ lockers without their permission would result in the loss of trust.
I doubt that students who have something dangerous to hide, such as weapons or drugs, would put them in their lockers. They would not want to risk being caught so easily.
Giving schools the right to search lockers would not help catch those who commit crimes. But it would certainly create an environment in which students would be embarrassed to have their belongings shown in public for no good reason.
Ronald Ling Pak-ki, 20, University of Hong Kong
Many students see their lockers as personal property. They would never agree that schools should have the right to inspect their lockers. But I think schools have an absolute right to do so.
It is the schools that actually own the lockers. Students just use them to store some of their things safely and conveniently. There are clear rules on what items students can and cannot keep in their lockers. Schools have both the duty and the right to check if students are following the rules.
I don’t think school authorities would decide to search a student’s locker unless they felt the need to do so. They might, for instance, suspect students of hiding drugs. To make sure that the process remains open and fair, only authorized teachers should have the right to search lockers. The search should be carried out in such a way as not to embarrass students in front of others.
小题1:What are .the two students talking about?| A．How to make sure schools are safe. | | B．Whether there are crimes in schools. | | C．Whether schools can search students’ lockers. | | D．How to establish trust between teachers and students. |
小题2:The underlined word could be replaced by ___.| A．embarrass | B．frighten | C．worry | D．challenge |
小题3:According to Elaine, school lockers ____.| A．are students’ personal property | | B．should be changed into cupboards | | C．are likely to hold some dangerous things | | D．can be searched with students’ permission |
小题4:Which of the following would Ronald agree with?| A．Students won’t hide drugs in lockers. | | B．Students use lockers but don’t own them. | | C．Students should not put personal things in lockers. | | D．Students may forbid teachers to inspect their lockers. |
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High school graduation is worth celebrating. It marks a big change in the lives of young adults. However, it ought to mean even more. It ought to mean that the graduate is ready for college or career.
In a report issued last year, we found that almost half of recent Illinois high school graduates required remedial courses(补习课) upon enrolling(注册) a community college. These courses require time and money to complete, yet offer no credits toward a degree. Too often, students never get through those remedial courses and end up dropping out of college.
Why is the remediation rate so high? A large part of the reason is that we have not set high enough standards for what our students need to learn from kindergarten to high school. They simply aren’t equipped with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed.
The same is true for careers. In Illinois, good jobs continue to go vacant(空缺) even while we are trying hard to go through tough economic times. This is due largely to the mismatch between the skills and knowledge we provide our students with and what employers in a modern economy need workers to know.
The good news is that in Illinois we have a plan to help get our students ready for life in the real world. We have already taken an important first step by becoming one of the 45 states to adopt the Common Core State Standards and have begun introducing them to classrooms this year. The new standards provide fewer, clearer and higher benchmarks(标准) for academic progress. They focus on deeper knowledge required at each grade level, give teachers the opportunity to explore topics fully and ensure students can apply what they’ve learned.
Research shows that when expectations are raised, students rise to meet them. Adapting to higher standards and raising expectations may prove challenging, but they are the steps we must take so that our students are successful in high school and prepared for college and careers. Readiness is worth a celebration.
小题1:According to the passage, in most cases, students taking part in remedial courses ___.| A．come from wealthy families | | B．leave college before finishing their courses | | C．are offered credits toward a degree | | D．are likely to develop their academic interest |
小题2:The author uses the third and fourth paragraphs to __. | A．provide solutions to the rising remediation rate | | B．show the present situation of unemployment in Illinois | | C．suggest knowledge learned in school be put into practice | | D．explain why students aren’t prepared for college and a career |
小题3:Which of the following statements about the Common Core State Standards is TRUE?| A．They were first adopted in Illinois. | | B．More benchmarks are required. | | C．They benefit teachers as well as students. | | D．They ensure students’ success in college. |
小题4:Based on the last paragraph, what is the author’s attitude to raising expectations of students?| A．Supportive | B．Critical | | C．Doubtful | D．Worried |
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