Four decades ago a group of college students visited the mountains of Borneo to
题型：不详难度：来源：
Four decades ago a group of college students visited the mountains of Borneo to examine moth (蛾) populations. Now a team of British scientists, including a member of the original trip, has returned to the same sites to repeat the survey. They have found that, due to rising temperatures, the insects now live 68 meters higher.
Global warming is forcing tropical (热带的) species uphill to escape the rising temperatures at a rate of nearly 2 meters a year, the new study from Borneo suggests.
Since this was the only chance to repeat the original survey, the scientist did everything they could to do it exactly the same way, going at the same time of year, in July and August, using photographs to find the exact original sites of the moth traps.
"While this is the first study of insects, a few other studies of tropical species are starting to appear," said Thomas. "If you look across all those studies, you’ll find the same results, and it’s extremely difficult to think of any other explanation for them."
While some species might survive by finding places on the mountains with temperatures similar to those of their original habitats, others may run out of habitat on the rocky peaks, warns the study.
In a paper in the journal Naturein 2004, Thomas and 13 other experts analyzed the habitats of 1,100 species on five continents, and estimated that on average one quarter were at risk of extinction.
Last year a paper published in the Public Library of Science in the US warned that the risk of extinction in the tropics was becoming more and more serious. The authors, Jana and Steven Vamosi, estimated that 20-45% of tropical species were at risk of extinction.
小题1:If the temperature continues to rise at the same rate for ten years, the insects will live about ______.| A．6.8 meters higher | B．19 meters higher | | C．34 meters higher | D．68 meters higher |
小题2:What’s the problem for some species moving up mountains?| A．There’ll be too little space. | | B．The temperature will be much too low. | | C．They will be at greater risk of extinction. | | D．They’ll find it hard to adapt to the environment. |
小题3:We can learn from the passage that ______.| A．this survey of moths has been carried out many times | | B．some scientists have put forward other explanations for the results | | C．scientists tried to repeat the original survey | | D．20-45% of tropical species were estimated to be at risk of extinction in 2004 |
小题4:Which of the following has been mainly discussed in the passage?| A．Climate change forcing moths higher. | | B．Protecting moths from extinction. | | C．How to research tropical moths. | | D．How to study moths living on mountains. |
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答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:A |
解析
试题分析：本文以科学家的一个实例来讲述的全球变暖变化对生物的影响，导致生物的栖息地的越来越高。
小题1:B 计算题。根据第一段Four decades ago a group of college students visited the mountains of Borneo to examine moth (蛾) populations. Now a team of British scientists, including a member of the original trip, has returned to the same sites to repeat the survey. They have found that, due to rising temperatures, the insects now live 68 meters higher.说明40年上升了68米，那么十年大约上升了19米。故B正确。
小题2:A 细节题。根据第五段, others may run out of habitat on the rocky peaks, warns the study说明他们在山顶的空间不够，故A正确。
小题3:C 细节题。根据文章第3段Since this was the only chance to repeat the original survey, the scientist did everything they could to do it exactly the same way, going at the same time of year, in July and August, using photographs to find the exact original sites of the moth traps.说明这次试验中开心科学家都想模仿以前的实验，故C项正确。
小题4:A 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Four decades ago a group of college students visited the mountains of Borneo to examine moth (蛾) populations. Now a team of British scientists, including a member of the original trip, has returned to the same sites to repeat the survey. They have found that, due to rising temperatures, the insects now live 68 meters higher.可知正是因为气温的升高，让蛾子的栖息地高了68米，故A项说法正确。
点评：本文以科学家的一个实例来讲述的全球变暖变化对生物的影响，本文要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。 |
举一反三
People often hear each others" voices without ever seeing the faces they belong to. "Nowadays we are talking away on the phone without meeting people," says Seung-Jae Moon. And from business conference calls to chat lines, people often imagine they would recognize the speaker if they saw him or her. Seung-Jae Moon, a linguist of Korea found that, under certain conditions, they"re actually right.
Moon decided to see just how close those mental pictures match up with reality and if there was any relation to how people speak rather than what they are saying. He recorded 16 Koreans, half men and half women, reading the same passage, and took a full-body photo and head shot of each speaker. Then he played the tapes for 361 Koreans and 173 Americans who did not speak Korean and asked his subjects to match up voice and picture. The Korean participants viewing full-body photos were quite perceptive. A majority linked 6 of the 8 women to the correct voice and did so for 5 of the 8 men. With the Korean group shown only faces, accuracy plummeted, but more than 20 percent of the subjects selected the same incorrect picture. The Americans showed no accuracy in matching the foreign voices to photos, but they too were consistent in their errors. That disconnection reveals conflicting ideas of physical and vocal beauty. Moon asked people to pick a favorite face and voice. Seventy percent of the Koreans picked one voice, but there was no agreement on a face. Americans didn" t agree on either count. And over 65 percent of both Koreans and Americans did not match their favorite face with their favorite voice.
Moon hopes to use software to break voices into components like pitch and hoarseness to narrow down which elements trigger certain mental pictures. "If we can map which characteristics of the voice triggers what kind of linage, and it doesn"t matter whether that image is the right or wrong one of the actual speaker, then we can create an image through voice," he says. That capacity could help to create computer-synthesized voices tailored to conjure up specific associations — audio books for children that inspire motherly visages, or warning alerts that bring to mind a stern police officer.
小题1:People often think that they would ______ the speaker when they saw the speaker.| A．understand | B．recognize | C．like | D．surprise |
小题2:Moon decided to do the experiment to ______.| A．see how close mental pictures match up with reality | | B．how people speak | | C．see if there was any relation to how people speak rather than what they are saying | | D．both A and C |
小题3:He asked ______ Korean women to speak and recorded their voices.小题4:______ were more perceptive in recognizing full-body photos.| A．The Koreans | B．The American women | | C．The Korean women | D．The Americans |
小题5:______ percent of Koreans and Americans matched their favorite face with their favorite voice.| A．Less than 65 | B．Less than 35 | C．Over 65 | D．About 20 |
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A small town in Tasmania, an island off the south coast of mainland Australia, is making itself an environmental role model by becoming the country"s first plastic bag-free town.
Since April 28, Coles Bay"s population of 175 and its tourist shoppers have been using reusable paper or cloth bags to carry their shopping.
Ben Keamey, a local businessman who supports the bag ban, said it would cut the amount of waste and prevent damage to native wildlife that try to eat the plastic.
"Most businesses here come from the tourism and that"s all based on the environment, so people were pretty supportive," he said.
Every year Australians use more than six billion plastic bags. More than half of these come from the supermarket. Since it takes years for the bags to biodegrade（生物递减分解）, tens of millions end up polluting the environment. They kill about 100,000 sea-birds and animals, which mistake bags for food, every year.
Only in the past few months have major Australian supermarkets begun cutting on their use of plastic bags. Environmental groups are pushing for a plastic bag fee like that in Ireland. There, since plastic bags cost 10 pence (about 1 yuan) each, their use has been cut by 90 per cent.
Pollution caused by plastic bags is a big headache for countries all over the world. As early as 1999, Beijing said that only plastic bags of certain thickness could be used. This was to encourage them to be used again and again, since an average of six million plastic bags are used there every there every single day.
小题1:Which might be the best title for this passage?| A．Deadly Plastic Bags | B．The End of Plastic Bags | | C．How to Reuse Plastic Bags | D．The Present Situation of Plastic Bags |
小题2:Plastic bags will not be used by the native people of Coles Bay because they ______.| A．cause the environmental pollution | B．are not easy to be reused | | C．are not as good as cloth bags | D．are not strong enough |
小题3:Which of the following statements is NOT true?| A．Plastic bags kill many animals in Australia each year. | | B．Most Australian supermarkets have begun cutting on their use of plastic bags. | | C．People at Coles Bay think poor environment may affect their tourism. | | D．You have to pay for the plastic bags if you go shopping in Ireland. |
小题4:The example of Coles Bay is to show that ______.| A．people take serious actions to deal with the plastic bag problem | | B．people begin to realise the harm of using plastic bags | | C．Australia is the first country in solving the plastic bag problem | | D．Australians are aware of the importance of protecting the small town |
小题5:Which of the following measures on plastic bags is NOT mentioned in the passage?| A．To forbid to use them by law. | | B．to charge fee for plastic bags. | | C．To make them thick enough to be reuseable. | | D．To make them environmentally friendly. |
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"USA? Britain? Which country is better to study in?" We often hear such discussions. As China opens its doors, studying abroad has become a dream for many Chinese students. They want to learn about the world.
It"s true that studying abroad can help students develop themselves. Language skills will improve and it may be easier to find jobs.
But there are problems that should be considered(考虑). Language is the first. Students must spend a lot of time learning another language and getting used to a different culture.
Students must also learn to live without parents" care and deal with all kinds of things they haven"t had to do before, like looking after themselves. There are reports about Chinese students abroad sinking into an ocean of difficulties and giving up easily. When they have to take care of themselves, it is hard for students to study well.
Finally, studying abroad brings a heavy burden(负担) to the family. For most Chinese parents, the cost of studying abroad is very high. But is it worth it?
We know that there are many famous people who succeed in great things through their hard work in China. Liu Xiang is a good example. Once an American teacher invited him there but he refused. He kept training hard with his Chinese teacher. He surprised the world when he won a gold medal(金牌) at the Athens Olympics. So when you wonder which country is better to study in, consider whether studying abroad is the right choice(选择).
小题1:From the passage, we learn that many Chinese students dream about studying abroad to __________.| A．taste a new life | B．make a lot of money | | C．learn about the world | D．learn to look after themselves |
小题2:The writer thinks __________ should be considered first before students study abroad.| A．places | B．time | C．money | D．language |
小题3:The writer mentions Liu Xiang in the passage in order to tell us that __________.| A．Chinese teachers are better than American ones | | B．studying abroad is not the right choice | | C．people can also be successful in China if they work hard | | D．Liu Xiang was a gold medal winner |
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true?| A．Studying abroad will cost students" families a lot of money. | | B．Studying abroad will make it easy for students to learn well. | | C．Studying abroad will help students to improve language skills. | | D．Studying abroad will bring students a lot of difficulties in their life. |
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London—coffee protects mice from radiation and could get the same way in humans, according to Indian scientists.
Scientist at India’s Bhabha Atomic Research Center discovered that mice injected with caffeine (咖啡因)remained alive after high doses(剂量)of normally lethal radiation.
Although the study was limited to animals, Kachadillilli George, head of the research team, believes the findings could have implications (something suggested ) for humans .
“It does suggest that coffee might have some beneficial effects in protecting against radiation,” he told New Scientist magazine late last month.
George and his team injected 471 mice with caffeine and left them uncovered to 7.5 grays of gamma radiation(伽玛射线),enough to kill most mice. But 25 days later 70 percent of the mice that had received 80 milligrams(毫克)of caffeine per kilogram of body weight were still alive.
On the contrary all 196 mice that had been left uncovered to the same radiation but had not been given any caffeine died.
小题1:George and his team drew the conclusion from .| A．the magazine | B．their invention | C．the experiment | D．their experience |
小题2:From the news, we know can be protected from radiation.| A．both mice and humans | B．only mice | | C．only humans | D．neither humans nor mice |
小题3:From paragraph 5, we know 30 percent of the mice died 25 days later. The reason was probably that .| A．these mice had been given only 80 milligrams of caffeine | | B．these mice hadn’t been injected with caffeine | | C．these mice were very big and strong | | D．these mice hadn’t been given enough caffeine |
小题4:Which is the best title of the article?| A．Human and Mice | B．New Radiation Defense—Coffee | | C．Deadly Radiation—Gamma Radiation | D．Mice Died of Caffeine |
小题5:In paragraph 2,the underlined word “ lethal ”means .| A．causing death | B．lively | C．exciting | D．rich |
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“How can I learn English well?” This is a question many students ask. In my opinion, the most effective way is to learn lessons by heart. If you can recite the text and write it out, you’ve learned it fairly well. And if you can tell, in your own words, what the lesson says you’re a very successful learner indeed. Your English will be quite perfect.This is a difficult task. However, if you try to learn by heart only part of each lesson, you’ll find it not half so hard as you might have thought. Learning this way, you will make rapid progress. Of course, writing is also necessary. It helps you a lot on our way to success in English. Equally important is to feel the language. You should be able to laugh at jokes and be shocked at bad news. When using English, try to forget your mother tongue. Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. So, never try to see English through translation.
小题1:In the writer’s opinion, the most effective way in learning English is ____.| A．to practise speaking, writing and feeling it | | B．to forget your own native language | | C．to translate everything into his own language | | D．to memorize the English words and grammatical rules |
小题2:“Instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way.”This sentence means that memorizing your own language can ________.| A．help you to study English well | B．stop you mastering English | | C．make English easy to learn | D．help you notice mistakes |
小题3:Equally important is to feel the language. “to feel the language” here means________. | A．to get a knowledge of English by touching | | B．to be able to read and write English | | C．to translate English into your own by imagining | | D．to be able to experience the rich sensation of the language |
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