IMAGINE if there was a device that could do everything for you – wake you up eve
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IMAGINE if there was a device that could do everything for you – wake you up every morning, chat with you and type your e-mails.
The piece of technology in question would be smart, able to tell you about the weather and where the nearest restaurants are.
The good thing is you no longer need to wonder, because something like this already exists. And its name is Siri.
Siri is a voice recognition application designed for Apple products and the concept has been around for almost a year.
When Siri first came out it could only speak English, but now it has “learned” lots of new languages, including Chinese, Cantonese and Taiwanese, reported The Wall Street Journal. So, you can give it orders in your mother tongue.
But how could a cell phone or a computer “hear” what you are saying and understand it? This is all because of voice recognition technology.
When you speak, your voice creates vibrations (振动) in the air – a bit like waves in the water when you throw a rock into the lake. The microphone receives the vibrations and the computer changes them into digital data that is then divided into many parts. They are analyzed one by one to see what pronunciations each part stands for. The computer then puts these pronunciations together into possible words according to its built-in dictionary.
But figuring out the words is far from enough; building words into meaningful sentences is the most difficult part. The computer has to compare what it hears to a large library of known phrases and sentences to determine what the user is saying.
However, people don’t always talk in the most standard way and sometimes make grammatical mistakes. This is why traditional voice recognition software always requires you to remember keywords and to speak in a certain way.
Fortunately, Siri isn’t like that. It’s not just “voice recognition”; it’s “natural language understanding (NLU)”. You can ask it things like “Do I need an umbrella today?” and it will know that you are asking about the weather, according to ABC News.
“The key thing is NLU – understanding what you mean and what you want,” Neil Grant from Nuance, a software company in the US, told The Guardian. “Historically, you had to learn a huge long list of commands . As NLU progresses, you can say what you want in a way that’s natural to you.”
小题1:What is the function of the first two paragraphs?| A．To show that invention usually results from need. | | B．To clear doubts about voice recognition technology. | | C．To introduce something that offers these helpful services. | | D．To show how the voice recognition works. |
小题2:Which step is the most complicated in the process of voice recognition according to the article?| A．Changing the received vibrations into digital data. | | B．Analyzing the digital data to see what pronunciations it represents. | | C．Putting the pronunciations together into possible words. | | D．Figuring out meaningful sentences based on the words. |
小题3:How can you get Siri to respond according to the article?| A．You can speak in a natural way as you would to a person. | | B．You can only speak English and Chinese. | | C．You have to say things in a certain way. | | D．You have to remember keywords and speak specific commands. |
小题4:What can be concluded from the article?| A．Siri can record and save what you say frequently into a computer dictionary. | | B．Siri will fail to understand what you say if you make grammatical mistakes. | | C．The biggest advantage of Siri is that it’s NLU is rather than just voice recognition. | | D．Since first applied to Apple products a year ago, Siri has made great improvements. |
小题5:The text is mainly about ________.| A．the convenience of future life. | | B．an introduction to the Apple products. | | C．the working system of voice recognition | | D．the introduction to Siri |
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答案
小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C
小题5:D |
解析
试题分析：本文主要介绍了一种新的产品--- Siri，它自带先进的人工智能技术，想要知道明天的天气怎样，问问Siri就知道了。它比其他的语音识别系统最大的优势是，不用记住关键字，想说什么就说什么。
小题1:这是推理判断题。根据前两段是一个引子，目的引出本文要说的新型的Siri ，故选C。
小题2:这是细节理解题。根据The microphone receives the vibrations and the computer changes them into digital data that is then divided into many parts. They are analyzed one by one to see what pronunciations each part stands for. The computer then puts these pronunciations together into possible words according to its built-in dictionary.把听到的声音根据存在它里面的单词它再分析出意思来最复杂了，故选D。
小题3:这是细节理解题。根据it’s “natural language understanding (NLU)”. You can ask it things like “Do I need an umbrella today?” and it will know that you are asking about the weather, according to ABC News.按照人说话的方式去说就行，故选A。
小题4:这是细节理解题。根据This is why traditional voice recognition software always requires you to remember keywords and to speak in a certain way. Fortunately, Siri isn’t like that. It’s not just “voice recognition”
The key thing is NLU – understanding what you mean and what you want NLU 你可以你想说什么就说什么，这是不同于其他的功能，故选C。
小题5:这是主旨大意题。根据从全文来看，这篇短文主要介绍Siri 的功能，故选D。
点评：细节题为阅读考题的重头戏，所占比例很高，相对而言较简单，因为这类题虽然要求理解准确，但基本上限于字面意义的理解，范围也限于局部，因此是我们可望得高分的部分。细节题绝大部分体现“中心思想是解”这一原理。本文都是细节理解题，在文中比较容易找到答案。 |
举一反三
After a long day at school, I walked home with my heavy schoolbag. Sleepy and 1 , I threw my things on the sofa and picked something from the 2 to eat. I passed by the living room and wished I could watch TV, but I knew my 3 would take me the whole night. I took my schoolbag and went 4 to my room. I tried to understand chemistry and 5 sleepiness at the same time. I tried to keep my eyes 6 and I wanted something to cheer me up.
Later, I 7 the sound of the front door opening. And I waited for it—the sound of my mom singing. Though she sang off-key(跑调), 8 made me excited that she was here. I ran down to 9 my mom. We hugged each other and talked for a while. I like it when my mom was happy. Her 10 seemed to flow down to me and I got the strength to 11 the stress (压力) again.
Sometimes, I wonder how my mom can still be 12 after coming back from work. Every weekday, she wakes up 13 in the morning to go to work and spends all hour on the bus before getting downtown. At a 14 factory, she works standing for the whole day and draws patterns(图案) for clothes over and over. After work, my mom at times gets stuck(被困) in 15 for two hours on her way back home. When I 16 my school life with her work life, I should not be the one to 17 . At least I have some interesting things to do at school, but one mistake at work can cost my mom her job. I 18 that my mom has a positive (积极的) attitude and lives her life with a joyous heart, which encourages me to do my work well, 19 there may be difficulties. Seeing her happy makes me feel 20 , too.
| 小题1: | | A．heavy | B．busy | C．hungry | D．unlucky |
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| 小题2: | | A．classroom | B．kitchen | C．bedroom | D．apartment |
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| 小题3: | | A．dream | B．supper | C．homework | D．experience |
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| 小题4: | | A．downstairs | B．outside | C．upstairs | D．inside |
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| 小题5: | | A．break | B．put | C．get | D．fight |
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| 小题6: | | A．opening | B．opened | C．open | D．closing |
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| 小题7: | | A．felt | B．listened | C．raised | D．heard |
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| 小题9: | | A．look | B．greet | C．said to | D．help |
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| 小题10: | | A．need | B．idea | C．faith | D．energy |
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| 小题11: | | A．face | B．change | C．accept | D．1eave |
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| 小题12: | | A．creative | B．sensitive | C．competitive | D．positive |
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| 小题13: | | A．early | B．soon | C．fast | D．1ate |
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| 小题14: | | A．furniture | B．shoe | C．car | D．clothing |
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| 小题15: | | A．chat | B．traffic | C．duty | D．task |
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| 小题16: | | A．replace | B．exchange | C．decorate | D．compare |
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| 小题17: | | A．complain | B．decide | C．study | D．play |
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| 小题18: | | A．achieve | B．notice | C．admire | D．improve |
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| 小题19: | | A．however | B．though | C．despite | D．at least |
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| 小题20: | | A．good | B．skillful | C．successful | D．important |
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The common cold is the world"s most widespread illness, which is a serious infection that man receives.
The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by touching directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in separate Arctic (北极的)areas, explorers have reported being free from colds until touching again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War, soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, seldom caught colds.
In the Second World War, prisoners at Auschwitz concentration camp, bare and starved, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for a long time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in a room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in winter? Despite the most hard research, no one has yet found out the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and that makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killers such as aspirin, but all that they do is to reduce the symptoms.
小题1:The writer thinks the cause of catching cold is due to_______.| A．touching anyone directly | | B．touching anyone indirectly | | C．cold weather | | D．getting viruses from person to person |
小题2:Arctic explorers may catch colds when___.| A．they are working in the separate Arctic areas | | B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather | | C．they are free from work in the isolated Arctic regions | | D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world |
小题3:Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit___.| A．suffered a lot | B．never caught colds | | C．often caught colds | D．became very strong |
小题4:The passage mainly discusses___.| A．the experiments on the common cold | | B．the mistake about the common cold | | C．the reason and the way people catch colds | | D．the continued spread of common colds |
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Scientists are trying to make the deserts into good land again．They want to bring water to the deserts，so people can live and grow food．They are learning a lot about the deserts．But more and more of the earth is becoming desert all the time．Scientists may not be able to change the desert in time．
Why is more and more land becoming desert？Scientists think that people make deserts．People are doing bad things to the earth．
Some places on the earth don’t get much rain． But they still don’t become deserts． This is because some green plants are growing there． Small green plants and grass are very important to dry places． Plants don’t let the sun make the earth even drier． Plants do not let the wind blow the dirt away． When a bit of rain falls， the plants hold the water． Without plants， the land can become desert more easily．
小题1:Deserts ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． | A．never have any plants or animals in them | | B．can all be turned into good land before long | | C．are becoming smaller and smaller | | D．get very little rain |
小题2:Small green plants are very important to dry places because ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ． | A．they don’t let the sun make the earth even drier | | B．they don’t let the wind blow the soil away | | C．they hold water | | D．All of the above． |
小题3:Land is becoming desert little by little because ＿＿＿＿＿＿． | A．plants can’t grow there | | B．there is not enough rain | | C．people haven’t done what scientists wish them to do | | D．scientists know little about the deserts |
小题4:Why is more and more land becoming desert according to this passage？| A．Earthquakes make deserts. | B．Wind makes deserts. | | C． Lack of water makes deserts. | D．People make deserts． |
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For thousands of years, man has enjoyed the taste of apples. Apples, which are about 85 percent water, grow almost everywhere in the world but the hottest and coldest areas. Among the leading countries in apple production are China, France and the United States.
There are various kinds of apples, but a very few make up the majority of those grown for sale. The three most common kinds grown in the United States are Delicious, Golden Delicious, and McIntosh..
Apples are different in color, size and taste. The color of the skin may be red, green or yellow. They have various sizes, with Delicious apples being among the largest. The taste may be sweet or tart(酸的). Generally, sweet apples are tasted fresh while tart apples are used to make applesauce(果酱).
Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve meters. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
小题1:It can be learned from the text that Delicious apples are_______.| A．grown in France | B．sold everywhere | C．very big | D．quite sweet |
小题2:Cold winter weather is good for________.| A．the growth of apple trees | B．producing large apples | | C．improving the taste of apples | D．the increase of water in apples |
小题3:China, France and the United States are considered to_______.| A．be small producers of apples | | B．be large producers of applesauce | | C．have the longest history in apple production | | D．have the coldest winter among apple production |
小题4:The word yielded in the last sentence means________.| A．improved | B．increased | C．produced | D．sold |
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If cars had wings, they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2012．The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its carplane, the Transition, to customers by the end of 2012．
“ It"s the next ’wow’ vehicle,” said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh．“Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don"t fly．”
The car plane has wings that unfold for flying－a process the company says takes one minute-and fold back up for driving． A runway is still required to take off and land．
The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both．The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National High way Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations．
The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly．They say it saves you the trouble of trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you"re good to go．When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road．There are no expensive parking fees because you don"t have to store it at an air port-you park it in the garage at home．
The carplane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet．It has a maximum takeoff weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers．Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal（临界） conditions．
The Transition"s price tag: $ 194,000．But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS．Another option is a fullplane parachute．
“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option,”Gersh said．
So far, the company has more than 70 0rders with deposits． “We"re working very closely with them,
but there are still some remaining steps, ” Brown said．
小题1:We can learn from the first paragraph that ．| A．carplanes will be popular in 2012 | | B．people might drive a carplane in 2012 | | C．both Transition and Ferrari can take off and land | | D．Richard Cersh is the vice president of Massachusetts |
小题2:It takes the carplane one minute to ．| A．fold and- unfold its wings | B．unfold wings for flying | | C．land in the airport | D．meet flying safety regulations |
小题3:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．The carplane needs a runway to take off and land．
B．To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA．
C．The carplane may fly as high as normal planes．
D．People can park the carplane in the garage at their home．
小题4:The underlined word "it" in the last but one paragraph refers to ．| A．the radio | B．the transponder | | C．the GPS | D．the fullplane parachute |
小题5:What"s the best title for the passage?| A．Cars With Wings May Be Just Around The Comer | | B．Which To Choose: A Ferrari Or A CarPlane? | | C．A More Convenient And Cheaper Way To Fly | | D．Cars With Wings Can Fly As Fast As Plane |
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